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1	Právní a etické aspekty anonymního dárcovství spermatu se zaměřením na právní řád Kanady / Legal and ethical aspects of anonymous sperm donation with focus on the Canadian legal order Konopásková, Anna January 2016 (has links) Nowadays, anonymous sperm donation is indeed a globally discussed topic: the popularity of the use of assisted reproduction technology for the purpose of conception is directly proportional to increasing infertility and technological progress. Also, the duration of its use already started to show, with the first generation of opinionated anonymous donor children growing up. The aim of my work is to analyze what are the today's Western society's current ethical and legal views on the anonymous sperm donation and its alternatives, as well as what they should be, and to demonstrate these on the example of Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. In the first two chapters, I outline the context of ethical and legal thinking about anonymous sperm donation: I analyze the concept and implications of the infertility, as well as the development and types of methods of assisted reproduction. Further, I proceed from the basis of ethical reasoning and the determination whether the right to know one's origins, implying the right to know the circumstances of one's conception, exist, and its competition with the rights of parents and donors in the third chapter, to its legal grounds. First, in the fourth chapter, I deal with legislation on the right to know one's origins and other related rights in the international...
2	Vaiko teisių apsauga Žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos konvencijos 8 straipsnio plotmėje / Procetion of the rights of a child in the context of the Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Mineikaitė, Aurelija 05 February 2013 (has links) 1950 m. Europos Tarybos Žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos konvencijoje įtvirtintas rinkinys teisių ir laisvių (teisė į gyvybę, kankinimų draudimas, teisė į teisingą teismą, teisė į privataus ir šeimos gyvenimo gerbimą ir kt.), taikomų kiekvienam, esančiam valstybės, ratifikavusios šią Konvenciją, jurisdikcijoje. Tačiau čia nėra išskiriamos vaikų, kaip specifinės socialinės grupės, reikalingos didesnės apsaugos, teisės. Visgi remiantis tuo, kad EŽTK įtvirtintos teisės taikomos „kiekvienam“, teigtina, kad jos taikomos ir vaikams. Šiame darbe autorė siekia atskleisti, kokios teisės yra užtikrinamos vaikams EŽTK 8 straipsnio plotmėje, taip pat tam tikrus, iš šių teisių kylančius, probleminius aspektus. Siekiant šio tikslo, ypač didelis dėmesys skiriamas EŽTT jurisprudencijai, kadangi remiantis šio Teismo praktika ne tik nustatomas tam tikrų teisių turinys ir jo kaita, bet ir atskleidžiama vaiko teisių apsaugai aktuali problematika. Pirmoje šio darbo dalyje bandoma apibrėžti, kas apskritai yra vaikystė, kodėl teisiškai svarbu nustatyti tiek aukštutinę, tiek žemutinę vaiko amžiaus ribas bei koks yra vaiko teisinis statusas. Nagrinėjama įvairi mokslinė literatūra bei įvairūs tarptautiniai ir nacionaliniai teisės aktai atskleidė, kad daugiausia problemų kyla nustatant žemutinę vaiko amžiaus ribą, kadangi šis klausimas tiesiogiai susijęs su abortų reguliavimu. Pagal kai kurių valstybių, tame tarpe ir Lietuvos, teisinį reguliavimą, matyti, kad neretai civilinėje teisėje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The 1950's Convention of European Council on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms establishes a set of rights and fundamental freedoms (the right to life, prohibition of torture, the right to a fair trial, the right to respect for private and family life etc.) applicable to everyone within the jurisdiction of the state that ratified the Convention. Children are a very specific social group, which needs greater protection. However their rights are not distinguished in the Convention. On the basis that the rights enshrined in the ECHR are applicable to „everyone“, it may be maintained that those rights can be applicable to children as well. The author of this work aims to reveal the rights that are guaranteed for children in the context of the article 8 of the ECHR. To this end, particular attention is paid to the jurisprudence of the ECtHR. According to the case law of this Court, it can not only be determined the contents and evolution of specific rights, but also relevant problematic issues for the protection of the rights of a child can be revealed. In the first part of this work the author attempts to define a childhood, to identify both the upper and lower limits of the child's age and the child's legal status. By examining different scientific literature and various international and national legislations it was revealed that most of the problems arise in determining the lower limit of the age of a child, since this issue is directly related to the regulation of... [to full text] Law Vaikas Šeima Teisė į šeimos ryšius Teisė žinoti savo kilmę Geriausių vaiko interesų principas Child Family Right to the family ties Right to know one's origins Principle of the child's best interests
3	Les droits de l'enfant a l'épreuve des droits parentaux : l'exemple du rattachement familial de l'enfant / The rights of the child against parental entitlements : the example of children affiliation to the family Gris, Christophe 19 December 2013 (has links) Les mutations profondes qui ont eu lieu dans notre manière de vivre : aspiration à l'égalité ; féminisme ; généralisation des familles recomposées ; acceptation sociale de l'homosexualité ; société de consommation ; dématérialisation et réappropriation de l'identité de l'individu sur les réseaux numériques... ont accompagné un changement radical de la manière de penser le rattachement familial de l'enfant. La mention du nom des parents dans l'acte de naissance ou la reconnaissance de l'enfant sont autant de supports dont le potentiel reste à explorer. Pour sa part, l'adoption est désormais fondée sur un lien plus abstrait de volonté qui exige de ne peut-être plus s'intéresser aux circonstances qui l'ont entourée. Enfin, en parallèle de la filiation génétique et de la filiation volontaire se dessine une nouvelle catégorie de filiation : le lien de filiation polygonéique, fondé sur le fait et mu par l'affection que l'on porte à l'enfant auquel il conviendra de donner un contenu juridique dans l'intérêt de l'enfant. Au delà de toutes ces formes d'appropriation générationnelle se pose dès lors la question de savoir où se trouvent les nouveaux droits de l'enfant. L'enfant a-t-il le droit à des parents en particulier ? Quels seront les critères d'égalité entre les enfants à l'avenir ? Quels bénéfices pourra-t-il tirer de ces évolutions ? Quelle doit-être la place de sa parole ? Plus que jamais il devient nécessaire de repenser un cadre juridique prévisible et stable pour le rattachement familial de l'enfant qui tienne compte du nouvel ordre public de la famille : les droits de l'enfant. / The profound changes in our way of life, (desire for equality, feminism, generalization of reconstituted families, social acceptance of homosexuality, consumer society, individuals’ identity becoming immaterial on digital networks), have gone along with a radical change in the way of thinking of how children are affiliated to a family. The mention of both parents’ names on a birth certificate, or the recognition of a child are two promising medium, yet to be examined. Concerning adoption, it is founded upon a more abstract link based on volition, meaning that it may no longer require to take into account the circumstances surrounding the adoption. Finally, parallel to genetic filiation and voluntary filiation, a new category of filiation is taking shape: polygoneic filiation (multi-parental filiation), which is based on facts and pushed by the affection felt for the child, and which will require a legal content in the best interests of the child. Beyond all these forms of belonging to a family, we can then wonder what will become new rights for children. Will a child have the right to have specific parents? What will be the criteria for equality between children in the future? What benefits will the child attain after these evolutions? What importance should be given to his/her views? More than ever, it will be crucial to re-examine an equable and predictable legal framework for family bonds which would take into consideration the new public order of the family: the rights of the child. Abandon Accouchement sous X Acte de naissance Adoptabilité Adoption Anonymat Autorité parentale Cada Cnaop Droit de connaître ses origines Enfant Enregistrement État civil Famille Filiation Génétique Intérêt de l'enfant Kafala Mère porteuse Mineur Origine Parole de l'enfant Présomption de paternité Procréation médicalement assistée Protection de remplacement Reconnaissance Reconnaissance prénatale Sexe Tiers donneur Trafic d'enfant Adoption Birth registration Committee on the Rights of the Child Desertion of one's family Family records Family reunification General register Know one's origins Mother identity Origin Parental rights Views of the child 340

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