The purpose of this qualitative research is to gain a deeper understanding of the knowledge attributes that influence how South African business leaders get things done. Knowledge is described as the social and emotional skills that allow leaders to enact behaviours. Therefore the components of the knowledge necessary for leaders to get things done are based on an understanding of their skills (learned capacity) and their abilities (the natural talents). The research assessed the relative importance of knowledge and the relationship with personal traits and leadership behaviour through fifteen indepth interviews. Knowledge was seen as relatively less important than personal traits and behaviours although it provides a crucial link between these leadership attributes. The importance of key knowledge attributes, including an awareness of the mechanisms to acquire knowledge, enable emerging leaders to be more effective and achieve sustained results. Therefore, the value of knowledge may be seen as the process of acquiring the body of information, concepts and principles required to lead and get things done. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

根據2009年IMS生物技術開發中心統計，國內藥廠前十大銷售排名均為外商企業，且在健保藥品給付進口外國藥廠的購買金額也高達70%。由此可見外商製藥公司在台灣藥品市場所佔有的舉足輕重地位。而以往有關製藥產業的論文研究中，較多著重於其行銷業務、策略以及研發模式等方面的分析，很少針對製藥公司的知識管理來加以探討。就知識密集的製藥業來說，此為明顯的研究缺口，因此，本研究以製藥產業為主軸，選定在台灣藥品市占率高的外商藥廠為研究對象，探討其知識管理作為，以及知識管理影響因素如何影響知識管理活動。 本研究同時從知識管理影響因素與知識管理活動兩構面來探討我國外商藥廠的知識管理。研究方法上採用多重個案研究法，研究者首先結合研究問題與文獻回顧，結果導出實證研究的觀念性架構，再以此理論觀念模式為主軸進行個案的訪談與資料的收集，實地深入訪談四家我國外商藥廠，瞭解其知識管理影響因素以及知識管理活動主要作為。 本研究所得到的結論如下： 1. 外商藥廠的知識管理目標若越明確、且與人員的工作流程結合度越高，則其知識蓄積活動越容易進行，且知識保護活動也越能確實執行。 2. 外商藥廠會透過企業內部環境的建構，來促進其知識的擴散。 3. 外商藥廠的科技設備若越完備，則其知識蓄積越容易進行，也因而強化了其知識的創造與擴散。 4. 外商藥廠的績效評估制度之設計與衡量指標之搭配，有助於其知識創造及知識擴散的進行。 5. 外商藥廠知識的結構化程度會影響知識蓄積以及擴散方式。知識的結構化程度越高，則越容易透過文件式的蓄積方式、並經由資訊系統來擴散知識；而知識的結構化程度越低，則越容易透過人員式的蓄積方式、並仰賴面對面接觸來擴散知識。 6. 外商藥廠會藉由成功經驗的分享，來創造組織與各部門的知識，也因而促進了知識的擴散。 7. 外商藥廠會藉由師徒制度來擴散經驗型的知識。 8. 外商藥廠會積極主動並重視知識保護的活動，且使之成為日常作業流程的一部分。 本論文最後說明本研究結果在學術上的貢獻，同時對實務研究上與後續研究上提出一些建議。 / According to IMS Health Global Pharma Forecast in 2009, the top ten sales volumes of pharmaceutical enterprises in Taiwan are all international enterprises. Under the National Health Insurance reimbursement, the international enterprises occupy only 30% of all the pharmaceuticals volumes, but occupy up to 70% of all the pharmaceuticals sales, which shows that the international pharmaceutical enterprises play a decisive role in Taiwan pharmaceutical market. Most of the past studies of pharmaceutical industry focus on the aspects of marketing, strategy, and research and development. Few specifically inrestigate the issues of knowledge management and knowledge management influential factors. Consequently, a research gap can be found as pharmaceutical industry in a knowledge-intensive one. This research focuses on the pharmaceutical industry, explores the knowledge management activities of international pharmaceutical enterprise in Taiwan from both the view of knowledge management influential factors and knowledge management activities, and aims to discover the key factors that influence knowledge management. This research adopts four international pharmaceutical enterprises in Taiwan as case studies and conducts interviews with managers to understand knowledge management influential factors and knowledge management activities. By knowing inside information of knowledge management of the four companies, this research can deliver a more practical and well-organized point of view, giving examples and facts to the future implementation of knowledge management for Taiwan pharmaceutical enterprise. The conclusions of this research are as bellow. 1. The clearer of the goal in knowledge management and the stronger of connection to the daily process in the company allow knowledge researving and protection activities implemented. 2. Higher level of organization cooperation and sharing culture leads to higher level of reliance of knowledge among each department, facilitating knowledge to spread more effectively in the company. 3. The completeness of technolocial facilities helps knowledge researving activities more convenient, knowledge creation activities more smoothing , and knowledge difussion activities more efficient. 4. The design of performance appraisal influences the knowledge creation and knowledge difussion activities. 5. The degree of knowledge structure influences the knowledge researving and difussion activities. 6. Sharing the best practice ficilitates knowledge creation and knowledge difussion activities . This method had gradually become a well-known practice in international pharmaceutical enterprise. 7. 「Mentor program」 is an important way to extend experienced knowledge. Each company has different approach to conduct 「Mentor program」. 8. The knowledge protection activity includes intellectual property rights、information system、contracts、data reserved management and data destroyed process, and the degree of compulsory execution is in accordance with the principles of the companies.

新藥研發是台灣生技發展的重點產業。新藥研發一般具有高投資、高風險與研發期長的特性。因此，有些公司會透過多角化的策略來分散風險。不過，在有限的資源與人力下，發展多角化的產品通常是個極具挑戰的任務。因此，本研究針對新藥研發公司，就其採取多角化的動機與策略來加以探討。 此外，在知識經濟的時代，知識已成為企業最重要的資產，如何透過有效的知識管理以提昇組織知識的價值，則是企業所重視的關鍵性議題之一。新藥研發屬知識密集產業，知識管理對於公司相當重要。因此本研究亦從知識特性的觀點（路徑相依度、不確定程度與競爭衝擊程度）來探討其對知識管理的影響。 本研究在方法上採取多重個案研究的方式，透過深入個案訪談與次級資料收集，所得到的結論如下： 1. 台灣新藥研發公司選擇多角化策略的動機相當多元。 2. 台灣新藥研發公司多角化的動機與多角化目標領域之路徑相依度有關。 3. 台灣新藥研發公司多角化目標領域技術知識的路徑相依度與競爭衝擊程度會影響其技術知識吸收的方式。 4. 台灣新藥研發公司多角化目標領域技術知識的路徑相依度會影響其組織設計、分工與人員式知識擴散的對象。 5. 台灣新藥研發公司進行多角化產品研發時，其知識蓄積活動上傾向於採取「機械-整合式」的蓄積方式。 / New drug development industry is one of the key biotech development areas in Taiwan. The nature of new drug development involves high investment, high risk and long development time. As a result, some companies develop diversification as a strategy to reduce the risk. However, the scarcity of resource and manpower makes developing diversified products particularly challenging. This study would focus on why these companies choose diversification strategy and which strategies they develop. Knowledge management is very important for companies in research-intensive industry. This study would also explore how the companies practice knowledge management on its diversified projects. In addition, this study uses technological knowledge characteristics (path dependence, degree of uncertainty, and competitive position) to analyze the effect upon knowledge management process. In this study, multiple case study method to take the way through in-depth case interviews and secondary data collection, the conclusion is as follows: 1.The reasons why new drug development companies in Taiwan underwent diversification vary a lot. 2.Synergy motivation of new drug development companies in Taiwan will affect the path dependence of technological knowledge in target areas for diversification. 3.Path dependence and competitive intensity of technological knowledge in target areas for diversification will affect the way of technical knowledge acquired in Taiwan’s new drug development companies. 4.Path dependence of technological knowledge will affect the organizational design, the division of labor and object of personnel-type knowledge diffusion 5.New drug development companies in Taiwan tend to choose 「Mechanical-Integrated」mode of knowledge Storage when the diversification activities.