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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Learning & knowledge : critical elements to sustained competitive advantage

Weitsz, Marijke (Marijke Adriana) January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The increased rate of competitive challenges imposed on organisations by global economy, technological product changes, processes (Dixon, 1992; Dodgson, 1993), and abundance of information available (Huber 1991) necessitate organisations to unlearn, learn and relearn faster than others to survive. The development of sustainable competitive advantages is a vital management function and an important organisational requirement is to nurture learning and create new knowledge enabling organisations to exploit, develop and utilise resources better than rivals do. This paper originated from the need identified in my company that learning and use of new knowledge are essential elements to sustain competitive advantage. At the moment this is not the case and the challenges imposed on the organisation regarding technological advancements and rapid local and global environmental changes, has already negatively impacted the organisation's competitive position. Today learning is being experiences as just another expense and the use of new knowledge is not visible, as a matter of fact knowledge is being confused with information. Information is being "recycled"; in other words more of the same is shared and used within the organisation. Hardly any new knowledge is generated as the same minds that created problems are being used to solve them. In my opinion both learning and knowledge are strategic organisational requirements which must be nurtured and managed to (i) ensure return on investments, and (ii) strengthen the organisations future competitive position. The focus of the paper is to contribute to a deeper understanding of learning and knowledge, the linkage between individuals, organisations and learning loop approaches. Barriers preventing learning and use of knowledge will be identified as well as how the use of knowledge forms the foundation to achieve sustained competitive advantages to outsmart, outmaneuver and outwit the competition. Keywords: Knowledge; learning; organisational learning; competitive advantage; learning approaches, organisational barriers. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die snel veranderende kompeterende uitdagings waaraan maatskappy vandag blootgestel word, bv globalisering, ekonomiese impak, tegnologiese produk en proses veranderinge asook die oorvloed inligting wat beskikbaar is, vereis dat maatskappye hul leerprosesse mbt "unlearn, learn and relearn" vinniger moet toepas om kompterend te bly. Die ontwikkeling van kompeterende voordele is 'n kern bestuursfunksie en 'n belangrike voorvereiste tov die organisatoriese leerproses en skepping van nuwe kennis om 'n voorsprong bo die konkurrente te bewerkstellig. Die oorspronklike idee vir die skripsie het binne my eie maatskappy ontstaan, waar die tekortkominge mbt die gefokusde daarstelling en gebruik van nuwe kennis, vir die behoud van 'n mark leierskap posisie, tans nie sigbaar is nie. Die snel veranderende tegnologiese en ekonomiese eksterne omgewing het reeds 'n negatiewe en detrimentele impak op die maatskappy gehad. Vandag is die leerkurwe en gebruik van nuwe kennis binne die maatskappy nie 'n fokus area nie. Kennis word tans met inligting verwar en dieselfde persone verantwoordelik vir die oorsaak/skep van probleme word gebruik om probleme op te los, maw inligting word "gehersirkuleer" binne die maatskappy. Die doel van die skripsie is om 'n bydrae te maak mbt die raakvlakke tussen die onderskeie leer benaderings, kennis, individue en die maatskappy en hoe die onderskeie benaderings by die leerproses inpas. Hindernisse wat die gebruik van kennis kan inhibeer en beperk word ge-identifiseer en laastens word die fokus op hoe die gebruik van kennis en kundigheid die basis kan vorm vir die verkryging van onderhoudende kompeterende voordele, geplaas.
52

Formação do pensamento científico durante o processo de alfabetização científica no ensino de teorias atômicas e elementos químicos / The formation of scientific thought during the process of scientific literacy in teaching theories of atomic and chemical elements

Oliveira, Leizi de Marchi 03 June 2016 (has links)
Acompanha: Sequências didáticas para o ensino de teorias atômicas e elementos químicos / Este trabalho investigou indícios do desenvolvimento da dimensão formadora e produtiva do processo de Alfabetização Científica (AC) no Ensino de Química, por meio da implementação de uma Unidade Didática (UD), composta por atividades fundamentadas na História da Ciência (HC), capaz de promover a construção do pensamento científico no ensino de teorias atômicas e elementos químicos. A principal questão de investigação foi “como desenvolver o pensamento científico, por meio da Alfabetização Científica Cultural para melhorar a compreensão do fazer Ciência?”. Para tanto, foi implementada uma UD, composta por duas Sequências Didáticas (SD1 – O pensamento científico construído por meio de desenhos e percepções no ensino dos modelos atômicos e SD2 – Ensino e aprendizagem dos elementos químicos por meio da História da Ciência) com estudantes do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio, do Colégio Estadual Nilo Peçanha, situado no município de Londrina, norte do Paraná. O trabalho foi de natureza descritivo exploratória, com abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, desenvolvido por meio da pesquisa de campo com a intervenção participativa da professora-pesquisadora. Para coleta dos dados foram utilizadas atividades compostas por questionários pré e pós UD, cujas respostas serviram para investigação da existência de indícios de algumas habilidades desenvolvidas no processo de formação da AC. A análise dos resultados revelou a formação de uma visão reformulada, mais abrangente e interessante sobre a Ciência, caracterizando portanto, a AC cultural. Também, observou-se que a abordagem histórica facilitou a compreensão do pensamento científico e a desmistificação da Ciência, no sentido de mudar a concepção simplista comum a grande parte das pessoas, tornando o fazer científico mais humanizado e próximo da realidade. / This work has investigated the development of formative and productive dimension of Scientific Literacy (SL) in Chemistry Teaching by implementing of a Teaching Unit (TU), composed of activities based on the History of Science (HC), able to promote the construction of scientific thinking in the teaching of atomic theories and chemical elements. The main question was "how to develop scientific thought using Cultural Scientific Literacy to improve understanding of making science?” For this purpose, it has been applied a TU consisting of two Teaching Sequences (TS1 - Scientific thinking built through designs and insights in teaching atomic models and TS2 - teaching and learning about chemical elements through the History of Science) to students in the first grade of high school, of the State School Nilo Peçanha, located in Londrina, northern of state of Paraná, Brazil. The work was founded on an exploratory descriptive nature with qualitative approach, and was developed through field research with teacher-researcher participative intervention. For data collection were used activities consisting of pre and post TU questionnaires, whose responses was used to investigate the existence of evidence of some skills developed in the SL formation process. The analysis of the results revealed the formation of a reformulated vision, more comprehensive and interesting about Science, so characterizing a cultural SL. We also observed that the historical approach was useful to make easier the understanding of scientific thought and contributed to the demystification of Science, in order to change the simplistic conception common to the most people, becoming the making scientific more humanized and close to reality.
53

An analysis of the certificate of the theory of accounting knowledge and knower structures : a case study of professional knowledge

Mkhize, Thandeka Fortunate January 2015 (has links)
This research project explores issues around the poor throughput and high dropout rate in the Certificate of the Theory of Accounting (CTA) by focusing on Accounting knowledge as an object of study. The CTA was identified as a serious block in the steps that one needs to go through on the journey to becoming a Chartered Accountant. Having a clear understanding of Accounting knowledge can lead to finding ways that can make the subject more accessible to students from diverse backgrounds. This study contributes to understanding Accounting knowledge at the CTA level with the aim of clearly delineating its legitimate knowledge and knower structures. It answers the following two research questions: • What constitutes legitimate knowledge structures in the CTA? • What constitutes legitimate knower structures in the CTA? Academics from nine universities and representatives of the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) participated in this study. Data was collected through interviews, observation and document analysis. Eighteen CTA lecturers and two members of the SAICA management team were interviewed. Three universities provided documents on their practices, which included learner guides, examination papers, suggested answers, lecture notes, tutorials and other curriculum documents for each of the four CTA subjects. SAICA provided the competency framework and examinable pronouncements. A conference that was jointly hosted by SAICA and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation was observed. This study used Critical Realism as its ontological underpinnings and Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) as its substantive theory. It used the Specialisation and Autonomy principles of LCT to analyse the data. Specialization establishes the ways agents and discourses within a field are constructed as special, different or unique and thus deserving of distinction and status (Maton, 2014). The principle of Autonomy is concerned with the extent to which the field is self-governing and can do things of its own free-will (Maton, 2004). The study found that the CTA has a hierarchical knowledge structure, which means that when new knowledge is created in Accounting it is integrated into existing knowledge, resulting in coherent and integrated knowledge. CTA also has a hierarchical curriculum structure. While horizontal curriculum structures evolve through the replacement of existing knowledge by new approaches and content, a hierarchical curriculum typically grows through integration and subsumption of new knowledge into pre-existing knowledge and it relies on the acquisition of knowledge developed in previous modules or levels of study.
54

Creare conoscenza e stimolare il cambiamento nelle organizzazioni: la prospettiva socio costruzionista in uno studio di caso. / CREATING KNOWLEDGE AND ENHANCING CHANGE IN ORGANISATIONS: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST PERSPECTIVE IN A CASE STUDY / CREATING KNOWLEDGE AND ENHANCING CHANGE IN ORGANISATIONS: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST PERSPECTIVE IN A CASE STUDY.

CABIATI, MARTA 19 April 2017 (has links)
Questo lavoro di tesi illustra un progetto di ricerca volto ad esplorare i processi di creazione della conoscenza, dell’apprendimento e del cambiamento organizzativo in un’azienda for profit appartenente al settore automotive. L’attenzione iniziale della committenza era focalizzata sulla possibilità di migliorare la soddisfazione dei dipendenti, ma un’analisi approfondita di questa richiesta ha permesso di progettare un intervento che contribuisse in maniera significativa alla ricerca applicata ai topic di interesse organizzativo sopra menzionati. Il primo studio illustra un’analisi estensiva dei processi di cambiamento organizzativo in questa azienda. Viene progettato e implementato un intervento di tipo formativo e partecipativo mutuando dalla letteratura i concetti di authorship e di expansive learning. Grazie all’utilizzo di metodologie qualitative, il top management e i dipendenti vengono attivamente coinvolti nell’intervento che esita nell’individuazione di un obiettivo comune a tutta l’azienda: identificare un nuovo metodo di management. Il secondo studio è invece volto a descrivere come si instauri una relazione di fiducia tra il dottorando e i partecipanti alla ricerca (la popolazione aziendale in questo caso) e come questa possa facilitare la co- produzione di conoscenza organizzativa. Viene utilizzato l’approccio autoetnografico come cornice metodologica e vengono descritte cinque vignette autoetnografiche. / This PhD thesis illustrates a research project aimed at exploring the multifaceted process of organisational knowledge creation, organisational learning and organisational change in a for- profit automotive corporation. The initial focus of the top management was on increasing the employee satisfaction, but a deep analysis of this request allowed us to design a project aimed at giving a wider contribution to the topics of organizational knowledge, learning and change. This first study illustrates a comprehensive analysis of organisational change in an intervention carried out in this company. A participatory and formative intervention is designed, based on the notion of authorship and expansive learning. Using participative qualitative methods, the top management and all the employees are actively involved in a process that leads to shape a shared object and a common goal: to devise a new management method for the company. The specific purpose of the second study is to describe how the process of the establishment of a trust and legitimacy relationship between the PhD student and the participants in the research happens and how it facilitates the co- production of knowledge in the organisation. The autoethnographic approach is used as methodological framework and five autoethnographic vignettes are presented.
55

Was lerne ich aus einer Lernaufgabe? a) gar nichts, b) Faktenwissen, c) etwas über meine Lernstrategien, d) Antwort b und c sind richtig

Kapp, Felix, Körndle, Hermann 25 October 2011 (has links)
Interaktive Lernaufgaben stellen eine Möglichkeit dar, das Lernen und den Lernerfolg mit digitalisierten Lehrmaterialien durch interaktive Elemente zu unterstützen. In einer Vielzahl von Learning-Management-Systemen gehört die technische Möglichkeit solche Aufgaben zu erstellen bereits zum Standard-Repertoire. Dieser Beitrag thematisiert anhand von drei empirischen Studien, welchen psychologischen Kriterien interaktive Lernaufgaben genügen sollten, um einen erfolgreichen Wissenserwerb zu fördern. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, dass Lernaufgaben, die unter Beachtung psychologischer Konstruktionsregeln erzeugt wurden, die Lernenden nicht nur beim Erwerb von Faktenwissen unterstützen, sondern ihnen beim selbstregulierten Lernen auch Rückmeldung über die von ihnen eingesetzten und einzusetzenden Lernstrategien geben.
56

Pratet och räknefärdigheten : Från det procedurala mot det konceptuella / The talk and the numeracy : From the procedural towards the conceptual

Fodorpataki, László January 2023 (has links)
I identify a recent trend in school mathematics as well as in some of the research literature in mathematics education: an emphasis on creative uses of mathematics and an increased emphasis on verbalizations, reasoning and conceptualization as opposed to numerical and computational skills. With tools provided by a qualitative textual analysis of several Swedish curricula from the past from which I trace a shift of focus from the classical towards the conceptual aspects of mathematical knowledge, I examine the common research framework for discussing mathematical knowledge in terms of the procedural and the conceptual. I investigate whether the shift towards a conceptual approach to mathematical knowledge has occurred and how this presumed shift reveals itself. A close reading and comparison of the historical guidance documents' purpose descriptions and grading criteria concerning the mathematics subject is carried out. Commentary materials for the various course plans are examined. Here I conclude that a shift has occurred during the last decades in the mathematics curricula that may have severely affected the mathematical education in schools. I argue that this shift needs to be acknowledged in order to halt a tendency that seems to gravitate towards a decreasing mathematical competency among the Swedish students.
57

Organizing Future: An Integrated Framework for the Emergence of Collective Self-transcending Knowledge

Feldhusen, Birgit 11 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Within dynamic 21st century knowledge economies, future-building knowledge, that bears capacities to transcend existing boundaries and create something new, is of particular importance. Within the first decade of the new century, new concepts such as "learning from the future" or "self-transcending knowledge" developed within knowledge management. So far, they lacked a theoretical grounding in relevant learning theory as well as a sound acknowledgement and consideration of such knowledge structures' emergence and social embeddedness. Thus, key principles and leverage factors for designing respective knowledge processes were difficult to derive. This dissertation investigates theoretical ground that can provide a basis to explain the creation of future-building knowledge in collective structures. It is guided by the following research question: "How can the emergence of self-transcending knowledge in collective organizational settings be rooted in theories of knowledge, learning and cognition?" Starting from the model of knowledge-based management, the model is expanded by exploring cognitive, creative and social systemic aspects of knowledge creation on a transdisciplinary basis. Research draws on constructivist learning theory, complexity-based approaches in knowledge management and organizational learning, recent accounts in cognitive science (enaction/embodiment) and a creative logic of emergence to derive an integrated model for collective self-transcending knowledge. The model contributes to the integration of knowledge management, organizational learning and cognitive science, expanding knowledge-based management towards attention-based management. The model's three dimensions and three domains form an integrated theoretical basis to derive key principles and leverage factors for steering future-building knowledge processes. Simultaneously, they reveal leverage factors' limited - i.e. enabling, not determining - impact on processes of "organizing future". (author's abstract)
58

Ensino de química na EJA na perspectiva CTS: uma proposta metodológica a partir da automedicação / Teaching chemistry at adult education in the perspective STS: a methodological proposal from self-medication

Pombo, Fernanda Mariano Zacarias 06 April 2017 (has links)
Acompanha: Ensino de química na EJA na perspectiva CTS: a partir da automedicação / O ensino de Química para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) deve ser trabalhado de forma diferenciada em relação ao ensino regular, devido à especificidade da modalidade. A partir disso, essa pesquisa, que apresenta como proposta metodológica a temática automedicação, na abordagem Ciência Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), pode contribuir para ensinar Química na EJA, considerando o público dessa modalidade. Para isso, tem como objetivo identificar, propostas voltadas à EJA, desenvolver uma sequência de aulas a partir da temática "automedicação para o ensino de Química na EJA, na perspectiva CTS", avaliar o desenvolvimento da sequência de aulas e apresentar um Caderno de Orientações Pedagógicas. A temática propõe discutir as principais situações e/ou problemas de saúde enfrentados pelas pessoas, em especial os estudantes da EJA, trabalhando o conteúdo de forma contextualizada e, ainda, identificar a contribuição, colaborando na discussão e reflexão, valorizando a construção do conhecimento científico e o cotidiano do sujeito para tomadas de decisões e preparando o estudante para questionar, participar e construir coletivamente respostas para problemas sociais. Fundamentada na abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa é caracterizada como pesquisa-ação. Os interlocutores envolvidos para esta pesquisa foram a professora pesquisadora da disciplina de Química e 18 estudantes, com idade entre 19 e 34 anos, de uma turma de Química da EJA, que estudam no período noturno, do CEEBJA Professora Laís Miqueloto, localizado na cidade de Curitiba–PR. O estudo no colégio foi desenvolvido no primeiro semestre de 2016. Para o levantamento de dados foram utilizados triangulação múltipla a partir dos instrumentos com roda de conversa, questionário, filmagem, registros da professora pesquisadora, registros dos estudantes e a produção de um jogo de papéis gerado durante a aplicação da metodologia, com o propósito de analisar as respostas dos estudantes sobre o assunto, sendo que esses se constituíram o corpus da pesquisa, na qual utilizou-se a Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). A partir da ATD podem ser geradas categorias a priori, e após analisar os dados coletados de cada instrumento, as possíveis categorias emergentes. De acordo com a análise, considera-se que por meio da sequência de aulas, abordando a temática automedicação, é possível contribuir com as propostas metodológicas voltadas a esta modalidade de ensino, uma vez que permitiu a apropriação e a contextualização do conhecimento por meio da abordagem CTS, colaborando significativamente para a compreensão do conhecimento científico e das suas inter-relações com a sociedade e a tecnologia. Os resultados obtidos podem ser um ponto de partida para pesquisas futuras, com o intuito de melhorar a formação dos estudantes e contribuir na tomada de decisão e para que sejam capazes de opinar sobre aspectos do cotidiano. Após a análise dos dados gerados com o uso dos instrumentos, foi desenvolvido um Caderno de Orientações Pedagógicas como produto final da pesquisa, sendo este um item obrigatório no mestrado profissional. / The teaching of Chemistry for the Education of Young and Adults (EJA), must be worked in a differentiated way in relation to the regular education, due to the specificity of the modality. From this, the research presents as a methodological proposal on the subject of self-medication, in the approach Science Technology and Society (STS) can contribute to teach Chemistry in the EJA, considering the specificity of the public of this modality. To do so, it aims to identify, analyze proposals aimed at this modality, develop a sequence of classes from the subject of self-medication for the teaching of Chemistry in the EJA in the STS perspective, evaluate the development of the sequence of classes and present a Notebook of Pedagogical Guidelines. The theme proposes to discuss the main health situations and / or problems faced by people, especially those students of the EJA from this subject, working the content in a contextualized way, also to identify the contribution of this subject in the teaching of Chemistry. As well as collaborating in the discussion and reflection, valuing the construction of scientific knowledge and the daily life of the subject for decision making, and also preparing the student to question, participate and collectively build responses to social problems. Based on the qualitative approach, research is characterized as action research. The interlocutors involved in this research were the research professor of the chemistry discipline and 18 students, aged between 19 and 34 years, from a chemistry class of the EJA, at night, of the CEEBJA Professor Laís Miqueloto, in the city of Curitiba – PR. The study in the college was developed in the first half of 2016. For the data collection, multiple triangulation was used from the conversation wheel, questionnaire, filming, researcher's records, student records and the production of a set of papers generated during the application Of the methodology, with the purpose of analyzing the students' answers on the subject. Being that these constituted the corpus of the research, in which the Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA) was used. From DTA, a priori categories can be generated, and after analyzing the data collected from each instrument the possible emergent categories. From the analysis, it is considered that through the sequence of classes addressing the subject of self-medication can contribute with the methodological proposals focused on this modality of teaching, since it allowed the appropriation and contextualization of knowledge through the STS approach, Contribute significantly to the understanding of scientific knowledge and its interrelationships with society and technology. The results obtained can be a starting point for future research, in order to improve student training and contribute to decision making and to be able to comment on aspects of daily life. After analyzing the data generated with the use of the instruments, a Pedagogical Guidelines Book was developed as the final product of the research, which is a mandatory item in the professional master's degree.
59

Resolução de problemas na formação continuada e em aulas de matemática nos anos iniciais

Oliveira, Sandra Alves de 03 March 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4658.pdf: 6526490 bytes, checksum: a3c08dfba9978c157f2ec6f812cc06c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-03 / This text reports a descriptive and interpretative research that analyzed challenges, dilemmas, knowledge and learning that were present in the process of continuing professional education of a group of sixteen Early Years teachers who attended an extension activity - "Mathematics in the Early Years: Program of Continuing Professional Education for Early Years Teachers from the Municipal Secretary of Education of São Carlos" - during the first semester of 2011, while studying and using the methodology of problem solving in mathematics lessons. The theoretical references that support this research are based on studies about problem solving and teacher education. The organization of the team/group that was involved in the continuing professional education activity founded the study. The continuing education program occurred in a perspective of collaborative work. Empirical data were constructed using a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, audio and video records, written material, a reflective field journal elaborated by the participating teachers and the researcher, who worked as a trainer and observed the actions of the teachers in mathematics lessons. The data analysis indicates that the collaborative work approach helped the teachers to review knowledge and concepts about problem solving in mathematics lessons and implement more meaningful practices in their classes. The activities that were developed and created in the continuing education program gave the necessary contribution so that the sixteen participating teachers had the possibility to use, in their mathematics classes in Early Years education, the methodology of problem solving according to the perspective of Van de Walle, Onuchic, Vila and Callejo. The process of training was important because it valued the teaching knowledge and learning and enabled the teachers to build and rebuild other ones, express their experiences, their feelings about their practices and their interest in the development of problem solving methodology in teaching and learning of mathematics in the Early Years; understand the theoretical and practical knowledge in teaching and learning of mathematics and/or give them a new meaning. This knowledge contributed for the practical application of problem solving methodology in mathematics classes in Early Years Education. / Este texto relata uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva e interpretativa, que analisou desafios, dilemas, saberes e aprendizagens presentes no processo de formação continuada com um grupo de 16 professores dos anos iniciais, participantes de uma atividade de extensão - ACIEPE: A Matemática nos Anos Iniciais: Programa de Formação Contínua de Professores dos Anos Iniciais da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Carlos - durante o primeiro semestre de 2011, ao estudarem e utilizarem a metodologia da resolução de problemas nas aulas de matemática. Os referenciais teóricos que embasaram a investigação estão ancorados nos estudos a respeito da resolução de problemas e da formação de professores. A organização da equipe/grupo que participou da formação continuada alicerçou a pesquisa. A formação continuada se deu numa perspectiva de trabalho colaborativo. Os dados empíricos foram construídos através de questionário, entrevistas semiestruturadas, registro em áudio e vídeo, material escrito, diário de campo reflexivo produzido pelos professores participantes e pela pesquisadora, que atuou como formadora e acompanhou ações dos professores nas aulas de matemática. A análise dos dados indica que a abordagem do tipo trabalho colaborativo contribuiu para que os professores participantes ressignificassem saberes e concepções sobre resolução de problemas nas aulas de matemática e implementassem práticas mais significativas em suas aulas. As atividades desenvolvidas e criadas na formação continuada contribuíram para que os 16 professores participantes utilizassem, nas suas aulas de matemática dos anos iniciais, a metodologia da resolução de problemas na perspectiva apontada por Van de Walle, Onuchic, Vila e Callejo. O processo da formação foi importante porque valorizou os saberes e as aprendizagens docentes e possibilitou aos professores construir e reconstruir outros; expressar suas experiências, seus sentimentos em relação às suas práticas e seus desejos para o desenvolvimento da metodologia da resolução de problemas no ensino e na aprendizagem de matemática nos anos iniciais; apropriar-se dos conhecimentos teóricos e práticos no processo ensino-aprendizagem da matemática e/ou ressignificá-los. Esses conhecimentos contribuíram para a prática da metodologia da resolução de problemas em aulas de matemática dos anos iniciais.
60

Investigando Jean Piaget : a epistemologia genética e o apriorismo

Rizzon, Gisele 16 December 2009 (has links)
O presente estudo constitui-se na Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, pertencente à linha de pesquisa Educação, Epistemologia e Linguagem, e ancora-se nos pressupostos teóricos e conceituais da Epistemologia Genética. Essa teoria, criada pelo pensador suíço Jean Piaget, com o fim investigativo de entender os processos cognitivos, mais especificamente, no que se direciona a revelar a gênese do conhecimento. O intuito principal do estudo a ser apresentado está na possibilidade de desvelar os vieses apriorísticos da teoria piagetiana por meio de um estudo teórico analítico, realizado, basicamente, a partir em três obras piagetianas, a saber: Nascimento da Inteligência na Criança (1975 [1936]), Biologia e Conhecimento (2003 [1967]) e Epistemologia Genética (2007 [1970]). Como forma de elucidar o pensamento piagetiano, se fazem presentes os preceitos epistemológicos platônicos, mais especificamente a teoria da reminiscência, assim como as ideias racionalistas de Descartes, o empirismo clássico de Locke, a teoria da harmonia preestabelecida de Leibniz, o apriorismo de Kant e o evolucionismo de Lamarck e de Darwin. A partir dos entendimentos revelados pela análise e interpretação das obras piagetianas, pela reflexão acerca de seus comentadores, e pelas proposições epistêmicas contidas nos pensadores da antiguidade a modernidade nomeados acima, entende-se que Piaget foi, veementemente, um epistemólogo, por suas pesquisas teóricas e empíricas - estarem envoltas pelo propósito de esclarecimento de como se desenvolve o conhecimento. Contudo, a constituição epistêmica piagetiana se adentra, mais especificamente, pela Biologia, Filosofia e Psicologia, passando a revelar que o processo cognitivo do sujeito epistêmico ocorre na relação entre ele e o objeto a ser conhecido. Nesse sentido, Piaget elaborou uma teoria que se contrapôs aos pressupostos epistemológicos do empirismo clássico, assim como aos pressupostos racionalistas que sustentam a existência das ideias inatas , por entender que o conhecimento não está unicamente no sujeito ou no objeto cognoscível e, mas sim na relação entre ambos. Piaget não nega o papel fundamental da experiência no processo cognitivo; contudo, sua proposta se diferencia da Epistemologia Empírica por essa afirmar que a experiência é a única fonte do conhecimento. No mesmo sentido, afirma que há um sujeito cognoscente, porém esse não apresenta estruturas cognitivas inatas imutáveis, como afirmam as epistemologias de cunho inatistas, mas dirá que esse é dotado de uma funcionalidade cognitiva a priori. No campo educativo as proposições teóricas suscitadas, neste estudo, se fazem relevantes na medida em que promovem no docente uma problemática epistêmica, de cunho reflexivo, do seu agir pedagógico. O estudo divide-se em três capítulos: o primeiro deles trata dos fundamentos da Epistemologia tradicional, empirista e racionalista, enquanto disciplina filosófica, e da Epistemologia Genética; o segundo, dos processos de conhecer elencados, descritos e explicados por Piaget a partir de suas preocupações de biólogo e filósofo; e o terceiro aborda a posição e os aspectos aprioristas da Epistemologia Genética. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-02T16:44:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gisele Rizzon.pdf: 824226 bytes, checksum: 7c0ff48f1fca51b6fac09425ba60e967 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-02T16:44:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gisele Rizzon.pdf: 824226 bytes, checksum: 7c0ff48f1fca51b6fac09425ba60e967 (MD5)

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