People who have better relationship and help each other in an organization will be helpful to an organization, because they will have higher sharing willingness. Knowledge is not like the tangible products that we¡¦ll lose them if we share them with other people. In contrast, we can enhance the value of knowledge by sharing. Because human resource strategy is relative to everyone in an organization, and knowledge-oriented culture and knowledge sharing obstructions will also effect the knowledge sharing willingness, this thesis focus on the relationship among human resource strategy, knowledge-oriented culture, knowledge sharing obstructions, and knowledge sharing willingness. I use inducement strategy, investment strategy, and involvement strategy addressed by Dyer & Holder (1988) as foundation to analyze the difference of these strategies in knowledge sharing willingness. And I use eight characteristics of knowledge-oriented culture addressed by Wu (2001) as a moderator between human resource strategies and knowledge sharing willingness. Moreover, I also summarize knowledge sharing obstructions from literature and use factor analysis to divide many obstructions into four types to understand the relationship between sharing obstructions and knowledge sharing willingness. The four types are obstruction of interaction and development, obstruction of resource providing, obstruction of self satisfaction, and obstruction of communication. The samples are employees and managers of human resource department. After statistic analyzing, the results are summarize as following: 1¡BIn human resource strategies, inducement strategy has more influence on knowledge sharing willingness than investment strategy. 2¡BIn knowledge-oriented culture, higher degree of professionalism and openness, initiative of learning, experience sharing, and relationship and harmony will help involvement strategy to cause higher knowledge sharing willingness. 3¡BIn knowledge sharing obstructions, obstructions of cooperation and development, resource providing, and self motivation will influence knowledge sharing willingness. And obstruction of self motivation has stronger influence. 4¡BHuman resource strategies and knowledge sharing obstructions a.Using inducement strategy will cause fewer obstructions of cooperation and development, resource providing, self motivation, and communication. b.Using investment strategy will cause fewer obstructions of cooperation and development and resource providing. 5¡BKnowledge sharing obstructions and the interaction of human resource strategies and personal and organizational characteristics a.When using involvement strategy, people with longer seniority will cause fewer obstructions of resource providing. b.When using inducement strategy, high-tech enterprises will cause higher obstruction of communication. c.When using involvement strategy, foreign enterprise and joint venture will cause higher obstruction of communication. According to the conclusion, this thesis proposes some ideas and recommendations to relative authorities and following researches.

Professional Services Firms promote knowledge sharing cultures to maintain consistency in the internal flow of organizational knowledge. Building a knowledge sharing culture takes tough time. Enterprises make lot of efforts to share knowledge in effective way by adjusting the influencing factors like changing the organisational structure and culture, motivation and evaluation mechanism etc. Any knowledge management strategy designed to improve business performance must address the component “organizational culture” that includes behaviours, norms and practices. Organisation needs to promote knowledge sharing by adopting various methods for motivating employees, so they successfully diffuse their knowledge.The purpose of this case study was to explore the different issues faced by global Professional Services Firms while promoting knowledge sharing culture at their local branch. It was interesting to figure out that how a global „Professional Services Firm‟ promotes knowledge sharing culture at their local branch. Aim was also to highlight how these firms can change employee‟s „knowledge-hoarding behaviours‟ to „knowledge-sharing behaviours’ with the help of incentives and rewards.A qualitative exploratory case study was conducted by adopting social constructivist worldview. The research settings for our research were the Ernst & Young (Växjö) branch. Data was collected through observations and interviews. To assist the data collection phase, we have taken permission to observe their daily practises of knowledge sharing twice in a month.The main findings conclude that „Working as a unit‟ and „spirit of helping everyone‟ is a key to promote knowledge sharing culture at global Professional Services Firm‟s local branches. „Low power distances‟ as in „Nordic culture‟ provides solid platform for global Professional Services Firms to promote knowledge sharing culture. This is actually a good way of promoting knowledge sharing culture by decreasing level gap. Findings show that by decreasing level gaps and helping juniors, knowledge can become organisational rather than individual. Our investigation indicates that this local branch hasn‟t adopted any incentive programmes specifically for knowledge sharing. They are managing knowledge sharing with Nordic or Swedish way of working. Non-monetary incentives can be useful to motivate and reinforce specific behaviours of individuals. It can also helpful to boost up cooperative behaviours while working in teams. Professional Services Firms can win the battle of developing a true knowledge sharing culture by working as a unit, reducing power distances and motivating employees.

Text in Afrikaans / The research was directed at setting up guidelines for the counsellor dealing with the adolescent in a multicultural environment. The supposition of the study was that the adolescent in a multicultural environment should be treated by the counsellor with cultural empathy, understanding and insight. This process should be free from stereotyping and prejudice. Guidelines were set up using a combination of Gestalt philosophical principles, existing literature and semi-structured interviews with cultural therapy experts. For the purpose of this study Thomas and Rothman's intervention research model was applied. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain information on the adolescent in therapy, which was combined with information found in literature in order to set up guidelines for counsellors. The researcher concludes that the counsellor dealing with the adolescent in a multicultural environment, has to possess sufficient cultural knowledge, cultural efficiency and cultural empathy to achieve a successful theurapeutic outcome. Guidelines for the counsellor who works with adolescents in a multicultural environment were set up successfully to bridge the current lack of knowledge in the field. / Social Work / M. Diac (Play Therapy)

Thesis (M.A.)--Edith Cowan University, 2008. / Submitted to the Faculty of Education and Arts. Includes bibliographical references.

Text in Afrikaans / The research was directed at setting up guidelines for the counsellor dealing with the adolescent in a multicultural environment. The supposition of the study was that the adolescent in a multicultural environment should be treated by the counsellor with cultural empathy, understanding and insight. This process should be free from stereotyping and prejudice. Guidelines were set up using a combination of Gestalt philosophical principles, existing literature and semi-structured interviews with cultural therapy experts. For the purpose of this study Thomas and Rothman's intervention research model was applied. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain information on the adolescent in therapy, which was combined with information found in literature in order to set up guidelines for counsellors. The researcher concludes that the counsellor dealing with the adolescent in a multicultural environment, has to possess sufficient cultural knowledge, cultural efficiency and cultural empathy to achieve a successful theurapeutic outcome. Guidelines for the counsellor who works with adolescents in a multicultural environment were set up successfully to bridge the current lack of knowledge in the field. / Social Work / M. Diac (Play Therapy)

Many organizations have realized the importance of managing what they know in a proper way, with the sharing of knowledge as one of the most central aspects. However, the practices of knowledge sharing are seldom fully understood, and thus implementations of technical systems intended to improve knowledge sharing have less effect than expected. This master's thesis project identifies that the case company – the well-known, Swedish telecom giant Ericsson – suffers some potential knowledge gaps regarding its knowledge sharing practices, and the project thus serves the purpose to identify how and why employees indulge in sharing, with emphasis on the informal and employee-driven knowledge sharing.  To understand and find ways to improve the knowledge sharing practices, the thesis project performs a case study in the rapidly expanding Ericsson Cloud RAN project. The qualitative approach of Multi-Grounded Theory is used, to focus on the perceived situation as described by the employees, with previous research as a second grounding-point. The qualitative data is collected through literature analysis, semi-structured interviews, and exploration of the digital platforms and tools internally used to share and document knowledge. The research identifies that the Cloud RAN project needs improvements of the knowledge sharing culture, and create a norm to reuse the documented knowledge. In spite of this, many employees appreciate shared knowledge and contribute to the common good of knowledge. A joy in helping others, personal benefits, and contributions to a greater good drive many employees to share. On the flipside are barriers such as a high bar for contributions from a technical point of view, and a risk of limited reuse of knowledge. As reuse is key to make use of knowledge sharing, the master's thesis report contains identified mechanisms realized in mock-up versions of tools and websites. There, emphasis is put on the importance of having proper tools and access to a contact network to navigate the documented knowledge. Summarized, the findings suggest to utilize the enthusiasm for knowledge sharing among employees for a supportive role, to champion a refined culture and lower the bar to contribute. Frequent reminders of available tools and the impact of sharing what is known in a good way, alongside creating awareness of the direction of the organization, can create company-wide awareness and motivations for improving knowledge sharing.

The theme of my thesis was Human resource management in the selected organization. I chose the CSOB. In the theoretical part, I wrote about the important definitions associated with this topic. For example, human resource management, human resources, intellectual capital, human capital, knowledge organization, knowledge worker, culture, corporate culture, training and staff employees, the role of the HRM manager. The main objective was to evaluate human resource management with a focus on developing intellectual capital in a particular organization. Partial objectives was: characteristics of the selected company, its historical development, targeting and mapping of the human resources department, design and evaluation of the marketing research staff focused on the functionality of human resources in the organization, analysis of data and information, and an overall assessment of current approaches to managing human resources and intellectual capital to work with the selected organization and assessment of current situation and possibilities for improvement and formulation of its own proposals and measures in the field of human resources. The practical part of my work I have a stock of internal materials the HRM system in CSOB, I conducted market research among employees. Next, I evaluated the results of marketing research and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The data analysis revealed that employees are most satisfied with the HRM system, I see only a lack of communication and access management company. Solution is open communication and improved access to management start.

Cette étude vise à aborder la culture des clercs séculiers en Savoie du XVIIIe siècle à 1860, date du rattachement de la Savoie à la France. Une première partie s’intéresse à la circulation des livres des ecclésiastiques. Elle décrit l’utilisation des manuels lors des études au collège chappuisien d’Annecy, puis dans les séminaires et les différentes universités, mais encore lors des conférences et des retraites ecclésiastiques. Par ailleurs, les livres sont achetés, prêtés à des collègues ou à des laïques, comme l’attestent de trop rares livres de raison retrouvés. Ce sont les testaments qui montrent que les bibliothèques, longuement constituées par héritages, achats tout au long d’une vie, sont ensuite le plus souvent transmises à des membres de la famille également hommes d’Eglise ou dispersées au profit de l’évêque, d’un vicaire ou de différentes institutions, ce qui prouve l’existence de réseaux intellectuels. Les livres relient donc le monde des morts au monde des vivants. La deuxième partie montre qu’ils sont aussi au cœur des débats intellectuels, ce qui explique que leur diffusion soit contrôlée par les autorités religieuses. Les livres sont ainsi au centre des réflexions concernant le protestantisme, le jansénisme, le mouvement des Lumières, l’épisode révolutionnaire de 1792, puis des enjeux de la modernité du XIXe siècle. La Savoie, frontière de catholicité, apparaît alors comme un relais original dans les processus de maturation et de diffusion des idées entre le royaume d’Italie, la France et l’Europe. La troisième partie propose à partir d’un corpus de bibliothèques, essentiellement du XVIIIe siècle, complété par des legs faits au XIXe siècle au grand séminaire de Chambéry, une classification des lecteurs comprenant différents types de desservants, des chanoines et des évêques. En croisant les différents centres d’intérêts en rapport avec la théologie et les sciences profanes, des identités cléricales se dessinent, des facteurs de cohésion, des signes de curiosité intellectuelle apparaissent et montrent que le clergé séculier savoyard est à la fois dépositaire et diffuseur auprès des fidèles d’une culture élargie et qu’il n’est pas à l’écart des évolutions de son époque. / The aim of the following study is to tackle the notion of knowledge and culture among Savoie’s secular clergy, from the 18th century to 1860, when Savoie was annexed by France. The first part focuses on the circulation of clergymen’s books. It depicts the way books are used by scholars at the Collège Chappuisien of Annecy, then in seminaries and different universities, as well as for lectures or ecclesiastical retreats. Besides, books are bought, passed on to colleagues and laymen, as one can learn from the very few commonplace books left. One can read in wills how libraries, whose volumes have been inherited or purchased over the years, are , most of the time, subsequently transmitted to relatives that are men of the cloth too, or scattered to the benefit of bishops, vicars or different institutions, which tends to prove the existence of intellectual networks. Books can thus be said to connect the world of the dead to that of the living. The second part shows that they are also at the very heart of intellectual debates, which explains why their circulation was controlled by religious authorities. Books are thus central points of reflection over Protestantism, Jansenism, the Enlightenment, the 1792 revolutionary episode and eventually what is at stake in 19th century modernity. Savoie, as a catholic boarder, appears as some original basis in the maturing process of ideas as well as their circulation between the kingdom of Italy, France and Europe. The third part, based on a corpus of 18th century libraries mostly and 19th century legacies to Chambéry’s Grand Séminaire, offers a classification of readers, among whom various types of parish priests, canons and bishops. By confronting the different centers of interest related to theology and profane science, some clerical identities are taking shape, factors of cohesion and signs of intellectual curiosity appear, showing that to the believers, Savoie’s secular clergy both keeps and spreads a broader culture and that its members are in no way cut off from the evolutions of their time.