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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Summenfrequenzerzeugungsspektroskopie an Metallen,Oxiden und oxidgeträgerten Metallpartikeln

Aumer, Andreas 28 June 2010 (has links)
Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Untersuchung von 4 Modellsystemen der Oberflächenforschung. Die verwendeten experimentellen Methoden sind Summenfrequenzerzeugungsspekroskopie (SFG), Thermische Desorptionsspektroskopie (TDS), Beugung niederenergetischer Elektronen (LEED), Augerelektronenspektroskopie (AES), Infrarotadsorptionsspektrokopie (IRAS) und Rastertunnelmikroskopie (STM). Durch die Verwendung von SFG waren Messungen bis zu 50 mbar möglich. Die untersuchten Systeme sind: CO auf Pt(111), Wasser auf Ag(001) und MgO/Ag(001), CO auf Au/MgO/Ag(001) und CO auf Au-Pd/MgO/Ag(001). Bei den Messungen von CO auf Pt(111) tritt unter bestimmten Druck- und Temperaturbedingungen eine bisher nicht näher untersuchte Doppelpeakstruktur auf, die genauer charakterisiert wurde. Die Untersuchungen von Wasser auf MgO/Ag(001) und Ag(001) zeigen, dass sich auf MgO/Ag(001) zuerst eine Monolage Wasser mit einer darauffolgenden Multilage ausbildet, wohingegen es auf Ag(001) von Beginn an in einer Multilagenschicht wächst. Die Monolage kann unter der Multilage gemessen werden und einige Resonanzen identifiziert werden. Für Au/MgO/Ag(001) zeigte sich mittels STM eine Abhängigkeit des Au-Wachstums von der Schichtdicke, die allerdings nicht spektroskopisch in Erscheinung tritt. Bei den Messungen an gemischten Au-Pd-Teilchen auf MgO/Ag(001) zeigen sich Unterschiede im Adsorptionsverhalten zwischen reinen Metallteilchen und gemischten Teilchen, die auf eine Wechselwirkung zwischen den beiden Metallen zurückzuführen ist. Nach Heizschritten auf 600 K reichern sich die Au-Atome im Mantel des Teilchens an, das Pd bildet den Kern. Die Ergebnisse aller Messungen werden unter Berücksichtigung neuer Veröffentlichungen diskutiert. / This thesis focuses on 4 different model systems of surface science. The experimental techniques used for the measurements include sum frequency generation (SFG), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), infrared adsorption spectrosocopy (IRAS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). By using SFG, measurements could be performed up to a pressure of 50 mbar. The systems under investigation were: CO on Pt(111), water on Ag(001) and on MgO/Ag(001), CO on Au/MgO/Ag(001), and CO on Au-Pd/MgO/Ag(001). The system of CO on Pt(111) exhibits a two peak-pattern under certain pressure and temperature conditions which has not been studied so far. Various experiments helped to elucidate the origin of this distinct behaviour. The measurements of water on Ag(001) and MgO/Ag(001) show that on MgO, water first adsorbs as a monolayer with a following multilayer, whereas on Ag(001) it adsorbs as a multilayer from the beginning. The monolayer can be studied below the multilayer and some resonances can be identified. For the case of Au/MgO/Ag(001), STM shows that the growth mode of Au depends on the thickness of the supporting MgO film, which can not be seen with spectroscopic methods. For mixed Au-Pd particles on MgO/Ag(001) a clear difference in the adsorption behaviour between pure metal particles and mixed particles can be seen, which is explained by an interaction between these metals. Annealing the mixed particles to 600 K leads to a segregation of the metals, where the Au atoms diffuse to the shell and the Pd atoms make up the core. The results of all these measurements are discussed in the light of recent publications.
52

Advanced modeling and simulation of integrated gasification combined cycle power plants with CO2-capture / Fortgeschrittene Modellierung und Simulation von GuD-Kraftwerken mit integrierter Kohlevergasung und CO2-Abtrennung

Rieger, Mathias 14 August 2014 (has links) (PDF)
The objective of this thesis is to provide an extensive description of the correlations in some of the most crucial sub-processes for hard coal fired IGCC with carbon capture (CC-IGCC). For this purpose, process simulation models are developed for four industrial gasification processes, the CO-shift cycle, the acid gas removal unit, the sulfur recovery process, the gas turbine, the water-/steam cycle and the air separation unit (ASU). Process simulations clarify the influence of certain boundary conditions on plant operation, performance and economics. Based on that, a comparative benchmark of CC-IGCC concepts is conducted. Furthermore, the influence of integration between the gas turbine and the ASU is analyzed in detail. The generated findings are used to develop an advanced plant configuration with improved economics. Nevertheless, IGCC power plants with carbon capture are not found to be an economically efficient power generation technology at present day boundary conditions.
53

A catalytically active porous coordination polymer based on a dinuclear rhodium paddle-wheel unit

Nickerl, Georg, Stoeck, Ulrich, Burkhardt, Ulrich, Senkovska, Irena, Kaskel, Stefan 02 December 2019 (has links)
Two new coordination polymers, DUT-82 and DUT-83 (DUT – Dresden University of Technology), were synthesized by a solvothermal reaction in methanol of rhodium(II) acetate and the tricarboxylic acid H₃btc (btc – benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) or H₃btb (btb – benzene-1,3,5-tribenzoate), respectively. After drying using supercritical carbon dioxide, aerogels with specific surface areas of up to 1150 m² gˉ¹ and pore volumes of up to 2.26 cm³ gˉ¹ were obtained. Although there is no long range order in the materials, the presence of rhodium paddle-wheel units and thus a local order was proven by X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. DUT-82 shows good performance in the adsorption of hydrogen and a high affinity for carbon monoxide, which is rarely observed for metal–organic frameworks. Catalytic investigations demonstrate the activity of DUT-82 in the heterogeneous hydrogenation of styrene as a model system. DUT-82 can be recycled for at least ten cycles underlining the stability during the course of reaction.
54

Advanced modeling and simulation of integrated gasification combined cycle power plants with CO2-capture

Rieger, Mathias 17 April 2014 (has links)
The objective of this thesis is to provide an extensive description of the correlations in some of the most crucial sub-processes for hard coal fired IGCC with carbon capture (CC-IGCC). For this purpose, process simulation models are developed for four industrial gasification processes, the CO-shift cycle, the acid gas removal unit, the sulfur recovery process, the gas turbine, the water-/steam cycle and the air separation unit (ASU). Process simulations clarify the influence of certain boundary conditions on plant operation, performance and economics. Based on that, a comparative benchmark of CC-IGCC concepts is conducted. Furthermore, the influence of integration between the gas turbine and the ASU is analyzed in detail. The generated findings are used to develop an advanced plant configuration with improved economics. Nevertheless, IGCC power plants with carbon capture are not found to be an economically efficient power generation technology at present day boundary conditions.
55

Structural characterization of Ni-containing metalloenzymes from archaea by X-ray crystallography and transmission electron microscopy

Ilina, Yulia 07 November 2019 (has links)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden zwei Enzymsysteme – Ni-haltige Kohlenmonoxid-Dehydrogenase (CODH) und [NiFe]-haltige Hydrogenase – strukturell untersucht. Im 1. Teil werden die Untersuchungen des ACDS-Komplexes aus A. fulgidus mittels Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (Negativkontrastierung und der Kryo-Einbettung) geschildert. Die 3D-Rekonstruktion mit einer Auflösung von 29 Å wird de novo ermittelt und drei mögliche Positionen für die CODH-Untereinheit vorgeschlagen. Im 2. Teil wird die Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse der CODH-Untereinheit des ACDS Komplexes aus A. fulgidus geschildert. Das Protein besteht aus α- und ε-Untereinheiten, die zusammen eine α2ε2-Stöchiometrie bilden (Afα2ε). Während die Gesamtstruktur von Afα2ε2 jener von M. barkeri (Mbα2ε2) ähnelt, führt der Austausch der koordinierenden Cys zu Asp und Glu zu einer Deletion des verbrückenden FeS-Zentrums. Die Rolle der ε-Untereinheit wird durch kinetische Studien untersucht. Die CO-abhängige FAD-Reduktionsaktivität von Afα2ε2 folgt einer Michaelis-Menten Kinetik. Die Mbα2ε2 hat ein ähnliches Kinetikverhalten. Im Gegensatz dazu weist die CODH-II von C. hydrogenoformans, die keine ε-Untereinheit hat, eine lineare Abhängigkeit der CO-abhängigen FAD-Reduktionsaktivität von Flavin auf. Diese Beobachtungen sind im Einklang mit der Annahme, dass die ε-Untereinheit ein Gerüst für die Flavinbindung bereitstellt. Der 3. Teil ist der F420-reduzierenden Hydrogenase aus M. barkeri (MbFRH) gewidmet. Die Struktur von MbFRH wird mittels Röntgenkristallographie bestimmt und ergibt eine dodekamerische Anordnung von ca. 1.2 MDa. Zusammen mit der etablierten Elektronenübertragungskette, beobachtet in FRH aus M. marburgensis, wird in MbFRH auch ein [2Fe2S]-Cluster und eine Fe-Stelle detektiert. Schließlich führen die schwingungsspektroskopischen Analysen zusammen mit der Röntgenkristallographie zu dem Schluss, dass MbFRH in einem bisher strukturell nicht charakterisierten, katalytisch aktiven Nia-S Zustand isoliert wird. / In this work, we structurally characterize two metal-based enzyme systems from archaea: Ni-containing CO dehydrogenase (CODH) and [NiFe] containing hydrogenase. In the first chapter we investigate, using transmission electron microscopy, the ACDS complex from A. fulgidus (AfACDS). The purified ACDS complex can be visualized as an intact globular protein particle by negative stain and vitrification techniques. The 3D reconstruction is determined de novo to 29 Å-resolution by single-particle analysis. We suggest three possible positions for the CODH subunit within ACDS by rigid-body fitting. In the second chapter we determine the X-ray crystal structure of the CODH subunit. The 220 kDa protein is composed of α- and ε-subunits that form a heterodimer with (α2ε2) stoichiometry (Afα2ε2). While the overall structure of Afα2ε2 resembles the previously reported structure of the α2ε2-subunit from M. barkeri (Mbα2ε2), the naturally-occurring exchange of the Cys to Asp and Glu results in a depletion of the bridging iron-sulfur cluster. The role of the ε-subunit is investigated by kinetics studies. CO-dependent FAD reduction activity of Afα2ε2 exhibits Michaelis-Menten type kinetics. The same kinetic type is demonstrated for the Mbα2ε2-subunit. In contrast, the ε-subunit lacking CODH-II from C. hydrogenoformans shows linear dependency between CO-dependent FAD reduction activity and flavin concentration. The data suggests that the ε-subunit provides a scaffold for the flavin binding. In the third chapter we study the F420-reducing hydrogenase from M. barkeri (MbFRH). Its structure is solved by X-ray crystallography, revealing a dodecameric arrangement of 1.2 MDa. Along with the established ET chain observed in FRH from M. marburgensis, one solvent-exposed [2Fe2S] cluster and an additional Fe metal site are detected. The combined approach of X-ray crystallography and vibrational spectroscopy reveals that MbFRH is isolated in the previously structurally uncharacterized Nia-S state.

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