Destruktiva former av ledarskap har visat sig ha stor negativ påverkan på både individnivå och organisatorisk nivå. För att minska förekomsten av destruktiva ledarbeteenden är det viktigt att förstå vad som bidrar till att chefer agerar destruktivt. Studien syftade därför till att undersöka antecedenter (orsaker) till kontrollerande ledarskap. Data insamlades i en medelstor kommun genom webbaserade enkäter till chefer (n = 37) och deras medarbetare (n = 329) vid två tillfällen. Flernivåanalys användes för att analysera data. I linje med Self-determination theory (SDT) visade resultaten att lägre känsla av kompetens hos medarbetare predicerar ökad grad av kontrollerande ledarbeteenden hos chefer. Vidare återfanns resultat som visar att medarbetares arbetsprestation samt chefers stress inte predicerar kontrollerande ledarskap. Sammanfattningsvis indikerar resultaten att följare har betydelse för ledares användande av kontrollerande ledarbeteenden. Denna kunskap kan bidra till utformningen av interventioner i syfte att minska kontrollerande ledarskap och i förlängningen de kostsamma effekter som följer. / Destructive forms of leadership have been proved to have major negative impact at both individual and organizational levels. To reduce the occurrence of destructive management behaviors it is important to understand what contributes to the manager acting destructive. The study therefore aimed to investigate antecedents (causes) to controlling leadership. Data were collected in a medium-sized municipality through web-based surveys, to managers (n = 37) and their employees (n = 329) on two occasions. Multilevel analysis was used to analyze data. In line with Self-determination theory (SDT), the results showed lower sense of competence among employees predicts higher levels of controlling leadership behaviors among managers. Furthermore, the results showed that employees’ work performance and managers’ stress do not predict controlling leadership. In summary, the results indicate that followers play a role in manager’s use of controlling leadership behaviors. This knowledge can contribute to the design of interventions in order to reduce controlling leadership and, in the long run, the costly effects that follows.

The present experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of a controlling leadership style, in contrast to an autonomy supportive leadership style on performance and state anxiety in student football players. The sample consisted of 35 participants, 25 men and 10 women, between 16 to 20 years. The experiment had an interventional effect with pre and post measurements. There were two intervention groups and one control group. The intervention groups consisted of a controlling leadership group and an autonomy supportive leadership group. Pre- and post-test performance was measured by means of four different football skill exercises with binary outcomes. There were four exercises and three measured trials which gave a maximum points total of 12 points in the exercises. State anxiety was measured by means of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised. CSAI-2R is a self-report scale which aims to explore three dimensions of anxiety: Cognitive anxiety (CA), somatic anxiety (SA), self- confidence (SC). Each participant filled in this scale after they completed the four football exercises. No statistically significant pre- to post-test changes in CA, SA, SC or football performance, as an effect of leadership style, was found. However, players in the controlling leadership condition showed significantly higher levels of SA and lower levels of SC in comparison to the control group at post-test

Syftet med studien var att undersöka a) om behovstillfredsställelse medierar relationen mellan ett autonomistödjande ledarskap och idrottslig utbrändhet hos unga elitsatsande lagidrottare b) om behovsfrustration medierar relationen mellan ett kontrollerande ledarskap och idrottslig utbrändhet hos unga elitsatsande lagidrottare. Studien har en kvantitativ longitudinell design och insamling av data skedde via digitala enkäter. Antalet deltagare som deltog vid båda mättillfällena inkluderades i studien, vilket var 71 idrottare. Samtliga deltagare utövade lagidrott och studerade på Nationellt godkända idrottsutbildningar. Baserat på tidigare forskning och Self-Determination Theory ställdes två hypoteser 1) behovstillfredsställelse medierar relationen mellan ett autonomistödjande ledarskap och idrottslig utbrändhet och 2) behovsfrustration medierar relationen mellan ett kontrollerande ledarskap och idrottslig utbrändhet. Hypoteserna bekräftades med hjälp av två genomförda medieringsanalyser. Resultatet stödjer tidigare forskning och teori, samt belyser vikten av ett autonomistödjande ledarskap för att genom behovstillfredsställelse kunna bidra till lägre nivåer av idrottslig utbrändhet. / The aim of the study was to investigate a) if basic need satisfaction mediates the relationship between autonomy-supportive leadership and athlete burnout in young elite team athletes, and b) if basic need thwarting mediates the relationship between controlling leadership and athlete burnout in young elite team athletes. The study used a quantitative longitudinal design and data collection took place via digital surveys. The number of participants who took part in both measurement occasions was included in the study, which was 71 athletes. All participants played team sports and studied at Nationally approved sport education. Based on previous research and Self-Determination Theory, two hypotheses were formulated 1) need satisfaction mediates the relationship between an autonomy-supportive leadership and athlete burnout and 2) need thwarting mediates the relationship between a controlling leadership and athlete burnout. The hypotheses were confirmed with the help of two conducted mediation analysis. The result supports previous research and theory and highlights the importance of an autonomy-supportive leadership in order to contribute to lower levels of athlete burnout through need satisfaction.