Most intensified competitions among international markets are accompanied with free trade and economic globalization. Enterprises have created a business style of ordering and manufacturing in large scale, global purchasing, zero inventory and real time producing, anticipating the Customs in response to strengthen scientific management and promote clearance facilitation. The Customs¡¦ enforcing and advancing customs-related affairs, focuses its two main functions on anti-smuggling and tax levying. As competitions among international markets grow more and more fierce, and global trade continues to boom¡Athe business volume dealt with by the Customs increases significantly. Furthermore, to feed the state-need of international cooperation and self-development, the Customs has broadened its administrative sphere from traditional fields of anti-smuggling and tax levying to environmental protection, social security, information resources and strategic weapon proliferation. Business load as well as scope of customs custody expands, however with relatively limited and inadequate human resource. The contradictory problem has drawn a phenomenon that managing resources, executive regulations and officers¡¦ intellectual structure extremely do not accommodate. International organization codes require the customs provide proprietors with a clearance environment of transparency, facilitation and simplification, and cut down customs-barriers which aren¡¦t necessary. Additionally, some rules in Kyoto Convention were revised to define the essence of risk management. The Customs takes the advantage of extracted information to locate the potential problem-links and then makes priority scrutiny, encouraging enterprises to comply with laws and get rewards of facilitation. To deal with the mentioned contradictory, the Customs introduce the risk-management measure to elevate efficiency in terms of physical custody under the customs. Since Taiwan owns the membership of WTO and APEC, frequently participating global-trade activities, she is obliged to abide by all the codes and agreements stipulated by international organizations, and dedicated to world trade security and facilitation. This study suggests Taiwan customs take the following approaches to facilitate clearance procedures¡GFirstly, make timely reviews of all regulations to determine if improper. Secondly, negotiate with concerned authorities to loosen or simplify related regulations. Thirdly, put the risk management into practice, develop scientific equipment actively, cultivate the personnel of specialty, and practice internal integrity and ethic of all the officers to decrease possible risk. With all these done, customs clearance could be more facilitated, and the purpose of risk management to efficiently execute customs custody and anti-smuggling achieved.

<p>The aim of this thesis is to study China's position regarding the global climate and the numerous topics discussed in the global meetings held during 1997, ending in the Kyoto summit in the same year. Chinas position during this year was evidently on the side of developing countries. China regarded topics such as technology transfer, emission trading and Commitments for the participating parties as very important topics which had to be considered. Chinas final position regarding these subjects was during 1997:</p><p>- Increased funding and technology transfer resources to developing countries.</p><p>- Objection to the inclusion of emission trading in the protocol.</p><p>- No new commitments of any nature for developing countries.</p><p>- National development is Chinas key issue.</p>

<p>The United States is the single largest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions. Its engagement is therefore critical to the success of any international effort to prevent man-made global climate change. It was therefore a huge step-back for the international community when President Bush soon after taking office in 2001 rejected the Kyoto Protocol. Despite a strong opposition the international community did not convince the Bush administration to reconsider its decision and re-engage in the Kyoto Protocol process. The objective of this thesis is to investigate which central elements that will increase a US inclination to participate in international agreements after the first commitment period in the Kyoto Protocol. These elements were found through a literature study of four peer-reviewed articles and an empirical analysis of four international partnership agreements. The overall conclusion is that there are several central elements that could increase a US inclination to participate in international agreements after the first commitment period in the Kyoto Protocol. These elements cover a wide range of disciplines from technology over research and development to business interests.</p>

There has been considerable debate within the field of Japanese intellectual history with respect to the influence of Nishida Kitarō (1870-1945) on the ideological foundations and philosophical justification of Japanese fascism. One of the most influential Japanese thinkers of the twentieth century and widely considered to be the father of modern Japanese philosophy, his contemporary relevance is considered to be at risk should these accusations be true. As such, contemporary scholars have attempted to show how Nishida’s philosophy was decidedly anti-fascist, and that he was in fact opposed to the actions of the wartime regime. However, as this thesis will argue, by considering Nishida’s philosophy within the larger historical context of global modernity one can see that his contemporary relevance lies in just that which allows one to consider his thought as fascist, his critique of modernity. Nishida was reacting to the transforming social and cultural landscapes that had followed the modernization of Japan initiated by the Meiji Restoration (1868). As a result, he attempted to posit a transhistorical ideal of Japanese culture, embodied concretely in the Emperor that could withstand the social abstractions of modernity. However, it was ultimately his failure to grasp his own conditions of possibility in the very modernity that he was critiquing that pushed his thought increasingly to the right, helping to fuel and legitimize the emerging fascist ideology.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2009 / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T12:10:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 269694.pdf: 2524583 bytes, checksum: b3adad394e2b70bbe325d441922c30a3 (MD5) / Em 10 de agosto de 2007 sete organizações não governamentais ajuizaram uma Ação Civil Pública (nº 2007.71.00.031307- 4/RS) objetivando, em síntese, a interrupção do licenciamento do plantio de árvores exóticas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, de forma a evitar a expansão da atividade enquanto não for aprovado o Zoneamento Ambiental para Atividade de Silvicultura (ZAS). A expansão da referida atividade é legitimada, entre outros fatores, pelos seus benefícios sociais (geração de empregos) bem como pelos #ganhos ecológicos# que pode vir a proporcionar. Pode-se afirmar que o conflito judicial reflete, em certa medida, os conflitos resultantes da implementação de um modelo de desenvolvimento que legitima como ambientalmente corretas as práticas das empresas envolvidas no litígio, qualificando-as como uma forma de implementação do #desenvolvimento sustentável#. As três empresas envolvidas no conflito judicial analisado valem-se da definição implícita de desenvolvimento sustentável prevista no Protocolo de Quioto da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre mudança do clima. A necessária conciliação entre desenvolvimento econômico e preservação ambiental proclamada no tratado internacional traduz-se, no discurso das empresas, como sendo uma promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável o plantio de árvores exóticas porque estas retêm o principal gás causador do efeito estufa. Ao afirmarem combater o aquecimento global, as empresas aliam-se discursivamente aos defensores deste como um problema ambiental, permitindo que declarem sua intenção de se desenvolver sustentavelmente. / On August 10, 2007 seven non-governmental organizations judge a Public Civil Action (No 2007.71.00.031307-4/RS) aimed, in short, the interruption of the licensing of planting exotic trees in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in order to prevent the expansion of activity until it is approved the zoning for environmental activity of forestry (Zas). The expansion of this activity is legitimized, among others, his social benefits (employment generation) and the "ecological gains" which could provide. That the judicial conflict reflects, to some extent, the conflicts arising from the implementation of a development model that legitimizes and environmentally correct practices of companies involved in the dispute, describing them as a way of implementing the "sustainable development". The three companies involved in the conflict worth examining is the implicit definition of sustainable development envisaged in the Kyoto Protocol to the Convention United Nations Framework on Climate Change. The necessary balance between economic development and environmental preservation proclaimed in the international treaty is reflected in the discourse of business, as a promotion of sustainable development the planting of exotic trees, because they retain the main gas causing the greenhouse effect. By claiming to fight global warming, companies combine up to advocates of this discourse as an environmental problem, allowing state their intention to develop sustainable.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T08:21:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 226337.pdf: 1015036 bytes, checksum: 390319980eddbb7a890dd23af251ff84 (MD5) / Este trabalho baseia-se na realização de uma pesquisa documental dos aspectos relacionados com o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo, com uma aplicação do caso particular para cálculo de emissões reduzidas e geração de energia elétrica a partir de biogás como fonte renovável. São particularmente analisadas as possibilidades de redução de gases de efeito estufa a partir da geração de energia de fontes alternativas limpas. Foi estudada a aplicabilidade e viabilidade da realização de um projeto de desenvolvimento limpo no Brasil, mediante uma proposta científica. Apresenta-se uma análise dos aspectos técnicos da produção de energia elétrica com biogás, e são considerados aspectos sócio-econômicos que podem viabilizar ou não o projeto de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo. This work is based on the development of a documental research on Clean Development Mechanism, supported by the application of a case study of the calculation of emission reductions and power generation considering biogas as an energy source. Possibilities of reduction of greenhouse gases are analyzed by generating power as an alternative clean source. The realization of a clean development project in Brazil is also studied through a scientific proposal with the calculation of emissions reductions coming from biogas. A technical analysis and socioeconomic aspects are presented that could support a Clean Development Mechanism project.

No description available.

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / El objeto principal de la investigación, consiste en la saga del Protocolo de Kyoto, sus fundamentos jurídicos y políticos, sus factores explicativos, su relevancia para Chile y las innovaciones que a partir de él, podrían esperarse

There has been considerable debate within the field of Japanese intellectual history with respect to the influence of Nishida Kitarō (1870-1945) on the ideological foundations and philosophical justification of Japanese fascism. One of the most influential Japanese thinkers of the twentieth century and widely considered to be the father of modern Japanese philosophy, his contemporary relevance is considered to be at risk should these accusations be true. As such, contemporary scholars have attempted to show how Nishida’s philosophy was decidedly anti-fascist, and that he was in fact opposed to the actions of the wartime regime. However, as this thesis will argue, by considering Nishida’s philosophy within the larger historical context of global modernity one can see that his contemporary relevance lies in just that which allows one to consider his thought as fascist, his critique of modernity. Nishida was reacting to the transforming social and cultural landscapes that had followed the modernization of Japan initiated by the Meiji Restoration (1868). As a result, he attempted to posit a transhistorical ideal of Japanese culture, embodied concretely in the Emperor that could withstand the social abstractions of modernity. However, it was ultimately his failure to grasp his own conditions of possibility in the very modernity that he was critiquing that pushed his thought increasingly to the right, helping to fuel and legitimize the emerging fascist ideology.

After the Meiji Restoration of 1862, Western philosophy was imported and infused into Japanese culture and its intellectual climate. By the early 20th Century, Kyoto School philosophers and romantic authors sought to reaffirm Japanese culture, believed jeopardised by the hastened development of Western capitalist modernity. This movement became politically charged, and is not without fascist allegations. After the Second World War modernism again became a primary intellectual concern, as modernists and Asianists alike attempted to struggle with the idea of fascism in Japan. Works of Nishida Kitaro (1870-1945) and Watsuji Tetsuro (1889-1960), and the prewar contexts within which they were written, will be compared to the postwar thinkers Maruyama Masao (1914-1996) and Takeuchi Yoshimi (1910-1977). The purpose of this thesis is to examine how Japanese thinkers before and after the Second World War understood and responded to the global process of modernity, and how it relates to such political movements as liberalism and fascism.