Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The cornerstone of the legal profession is the trust harboured by clients when depositing monies with legal firms. A few regulations usually exist to protect trust monies. In the absence of a client protection fund, a client has no insurance against theft of trust monies. Most countries have come to realise the importance of employing a client protection fund to reimburse victims of theft in order to protect the integrity of the legal profession. Client protection funds are operated on different business models and a broad overview of the funds of New York, British Columbia, New Zealand and Botswana indicated that such funds are not able to compensate all proven claims without enforcing limitations. There is currently no benchmark whereby client protection funds can assess their effectiveness and sustainability. A standard for evaluating these funds is created based on the following criteria common to all funds: the purpose of a fund, the status of a fund, proper management of the fund, the methods which a fund employs to limit liability, the financial strength and sustainability of a fund, the rights of a fund where claims are awarded and the preventative measures employed by a fund. After evaluation of these funds it became clear that all of them are financially unsustainable if they were to pay proven claims without imposing limitations on their liability. The Namibian fund appears to be the most sustainable fund and was also used as the benchmark in one of the criterion of the evaluation model. A more critical study of the Namibian fund indicated that it would in future become less sustainable as the growth rate in trust deposits exceeds the growth rate of the fund's reserves. After a SWOT analysis it is suggested that the Namibian fund continues its current preventative measures, as same is likely the reason why an insignificant amount of thefts occurred over the past 15 years, and should focus on increasing income by negotiating better agreements with banks and employ a dedicated inspectorate, not only to ensure compliance with such agreements, but provide the fund with annual reports on each firm's level of compliance with statutory regulations on trust accounting. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoeksteen van die regsprofessie is die vertroue wat kliënte in prokureurs plaas om trustgeld te bewaar. 'n Basiese stel boekhou regulasies is al wat normaalweg dien as beskerming van trustgeld. In die afwesigheid van 'n getrouheidsfonds het 'n klient geen versekering teen diefstal van trustgelde nie. Meeste lande het reeds die waarde van 'n getrouheidsfonds besef as beskermingsmeganisme van die integriteit van die professie. Getrouheidsfondse is baseer op verskillende besigheidsmodelle en 'n breë oorsig van die fondse van New York, British Columbia, New Zealand en Botswana dui daarop dat sulke fondse nie in staat is om alle eise te vergoed sonder om daadwerklike beperkinge op hul verpligtinge te plaas nie. Daar bestaan huidiglik geen universele maatstaf waaraan fondse hul effektiwiteit en volhoubaarheid kan meet nie. 'n Eenvormige evaluasie model is ontwerp wat gebruik maak van die volgende ooreenstemmende kenmerke van alle fondse: die doel van die fonds, die status van die fonds, die behoorlike bestuur van die fonds, die metodes wat die fonds aanwend om verpligtinge te beperk, die finansiële vermoë en volhoubaarheid van die fonds, die regte van die fonds na betaling van eise en die voorkomende maatreëls wat die fonds aanwend. Na evaluasie van die bogenoemde fondse is dit duidelik dat sulke fondse nie finansieel volhoubaar sal wees as hulle alle goedgekeurde eise ten volle sou uitbetaal sonder die afdwing van beperkende maatreëls nie. Die Namibiese fonds blyk die mees volhoubare fonds te wees en word ook as maatstaf gebruik in een van die kriterium van die evaluasie model. By nadere ondersoek van die Namibiese fonds is vasgestel dat die fonds in die toekoms minder volhoubaar sal raak omdat die groeikoers in trust deposito's hoër is as die groeikoers van die reserwes van die fonds. Na 'n SWOT-analise word voorgestel dat die Namibiese fonds moet volhart in die uitvoering van voorkomende maatreëls en ook inkomste moet verhoog deur beter ooreenkomste met banke aan te gaan. 'n Toegewyde ondersoek afdeling sal verseker dat firmas sulke ooreenkomste nakom, asook aan die fonds raporteer oor firmas se nakoming van statutêre reëls.

O envolvimento da advocacia nas reformas de ampliação do acesso aos sistemas de justiça tem merecido atenção da literatura comparada, que realça características de comprometimento social e engajamento político de certos movimentos de advogados e suas entidades de classe, mas também aponta para a intervenção desses profissionais na supressão das insuficiências do mercado de serviços legais. A partir de uma abordagem institucional da advocacia, que destaca as disposições constitucionais sobre a participação privilegiada da profissão na administração e funcionamento do sistema de justiça brasileiro, o objetivo do estudo é investigar como a advocacia vem se relacionando com as reformas do acesso à justiça no estado de São Paulo, durante a transição para a democracia e a consolidação democrática no Brasil. A pesquisa envolve a reconstrução do debate sobre o tema no interior da profissão, a partir de uma análise de conteúdo das publicações oficiais das entidades da advocacia. / The advocacy\'s evolvement on the reforms to enlarge the access to judicial systems has deserved attention of comparative literature, which enhances characteristics of social and political engagement of certain movements of lawyers and its professional entities, but also indicates the intervention of these professionals in the suppression of the legal services market\'s insufficiencies. Using an institutional approach of advocacy, that detaches the constitutional disposals about the privileged participation of the profession in the administration and functioning of the Brazilian judicial system, the objective of this study is investigate how advocacy has been involved in the access to justice\'s reforms in São Paulo state, during the transition to democracy and democratic consolidation in Brazil. The research involves the reconstruction of the discussion about that subject inside the profession, using acontent\'s analysis of official publications of the advocacy\'s entities.

A presente dissertação diz respeito a um dos temas centrais à efetivação dos Direitos Humanos: o direito ao meio ambiente sadio e equilibrado. Esta é temática ampla, com multiplicidade de subdivisões devido à complexidade do assunto, tendo sido delimitado o objeto de estudo na investigação do papel e atuação da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil - OAB, para desenvolvimento e fortalecimento de ações direcionados à institucionalização da temática ambiental no órgão, com análise delimitada, por força da abrangência do assunto e da significativa dimensão territorial do Brasil, em relação à Seccional do Tocantins. A abordagem da pesquisa fundamentou-se na necessidade de desenvolvimento de ações sustentáveis no uso dos recursos naturais por parte dos segmentos públicos ou privados, no que se enquadra a OAB, ante à reconhecida função de prestar serviço público direcionado ao bem-estar coletivo. Na estratégia metodológica, com utilização de estudo de caso, empregou-se abordagem dedutiva e qualitativa, analisando-se a OAB-TO, notadamente, no âmbito institucional, quanto a atuar incentivando ações voltadas à construção de uma sociedade ambientalmente equilibrada. Os procedimentos técnicos foram de pesquisa documental, a qual englobou legislação da instituição analisada e pesquisa de obras correlatas à problemática ambiental. O núcleo do estudo fora a atuação da OAB-TO, por meio da Comissão de Direito Ambiental, e a institucionalização de posturas sustentáveis, sedimentando sua contribuição em prol do meio ambiente. / The present dissertation and respect to one of the central themes central themes to the realization of human rights: the right to a healthy and balanced environment. This is broad subject, with multiplicity of subdivisions due to the complexity of the subject, having been delimited the object of study in the investigation of the role and performance of the Order of Lawyers of Brazil – OAB, for the development and strengthening of actions directed to the institutionalization of the environmental theme in the organ, with a delimited analysis, due to the comprehensiveness of the subject and the territorial commercial dimension of Brazil, in relation to the Tocantins Section. The research approach was based on the need to develop sustainable actions in the use of natural resources by the public or private segments, in what is included in the OAB, before the recognized function of providing public service directed to the collective well-being. In the methodological strategy, with the use of a case study, a deductive and qualitative approach was used, analyzing the OAB-TO, notably, in the institutional, in the institutional scope, to act by encouraging actions aimed at building an environmentally balanced society. The technical procedures were documentary research, which included legislation of the analyzed institution and research of works related to the environmental problem. The core of the study was the performance of OAB-TO, through the Environmental Law Commission, and the institutionalization of sustainable postures, sedimentando their contribution in favor of the environment.

Esta dissertação trata da atuação do advogado Eloar Guazzelli em casos políticos durante a ditadura civil-militar (1964-1979). A Justiça Militar teve papel relevante durante a ditadura, já que ao mesmo tempo enquadrava os inimigos do regime e lhe dava uma fachada legal e democrática. Por outro lado, ao manter as instituições jurídicas, permitia aos advogados um espaço de manobra, abrindo-lhes a possibilidade de vitórias e ganhos. Assim existe um paradoxo na atuação dos advogados de presos políticos: uma vez que faziam oposição ao regime, contribuíam para sua manutenção, já que davam legitimidade. A dissertação responde questões sobre os processos políticos em que Guazzelli atuou. Um dos objetivos é o de apresentar quem eram os clientes de Eloar em casos políticos durante a ditadura civil-militar. Além disso, busca-se reconstituir o cotidiano do advogado de presos políticos, mostrando as relações criadas entre advogado e cliente e advogado e Justiça Militar. São analisadas também as argumentações que Guazzelli utilizava para obter ganhos nesta corte. / This dissertation deals with the role of the lawyer Eloar Guazzelli in political affairs during the civil-military dictatorship (1964-1979). The military justice system played a significant role during the dictatorship, since both fit the enemies of the regime and gave a legal and democratic front. On the other hand, while maintaining the legal institutions, lawyers allowed a space for maneuver, and opens up the possibility of victories and earnings. So there is a paradox in the actions of lawyers of political prisoners: once opposed the scheme, contributing to its maintenance as it gave legitimacy. This work answers questions about the political processes that acted Guazzelli. One goal is to present customers who were Eloar in political affairs during the civil-military dictatorship. In addition, we seek to reconstruct the daily life of a lawyer for political prisoners, showing the relationships created between lawyer and client and lawyer and military justice. Are considered the arguments that Guazzelli used to gain in this court.

Thesis (M.A. (International Politics)) --University of Limpopo, 2014 / Debate on GNU centres around whether or not as a tool/plan/strategy it promotes, cultivates and fosters democracy in situations where there is lack there-of. In other words does a GNU create the conditions or environment necessary for the establishment of democracy? Various studies have shown that GNU is popular as a conflict-resolution tool and that in countries where it has been employed, it has resulted in the successful cessation of violent conflict. This study explores GNU to find out how successful it was in democratic entrenchment in Zimbabwe. It revealed through interviews and secondary sources that in Zimbabwe GNU managed to bring together antagonistic political contenders to work together for the restoration of peace and democracy and nation-building. GNU did not however, guarantee permanent solution of the crisis. In other words there were other significant issues which could not simply be resolved through a GNU. Finally the study further explored the different reasons for GNU inability to resolve those issues in Zimbabwe.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 284 p. : port. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 238-253).

Esta dissertação trata da atuação do advogado Eloar Guazzelli em casos políticos durante a ditadura civil-militar (1964-1979). A Justiça Militar teve papel relevante durante a ditadura, já que ao mesmo tempo enquadrava os inimigos do regime e lhe dava uma fachada legal e democrática. Por outro lado, ao manter as instituições jurídicas, permitia aos advogados um espaço de manobra, abrindo-lhes a possibilidade de vitórias e ganhos. Assim existe um paradoxo na atuação dos advogados de presos políticos: uma vez que faziam oposição ao regime, contribuíam para sua manutenção, já que davam legitimidade. A dissertação responde questões sobre os processos políticos em que Guazzelli atuou. Um dos objetivos é o de apresentar quem eram os clientes de Eloar em casos políticos durante a ditadura civil-militar. Além disso, busca-se reconstituir o cotidiano do advogado de presos políticos, mostrando as relações criadas entre advogado e cliente e advogado e Justiça Militar. São analisadas também as argumentações que Guazzelli utilizava para obter ganhos nesta corte. / This dissertation deals with the role of the lawyer Eloar Guazzelli in political affairs during the civil-military dictatorship (1964-1979). The military justice system played a significant role during the dictatorship, since both fit the enemies of the regime and gave a legal and democratic front. On the other hand, while maintaining the legal institutions, lawyers allowed a space for maneuver, and opens up the possibility of victories and earnings. So there is a paradox in the actions of lawyers of political prisoners: once opposed the scheme, contributing to its maintenance as it gave legitimacy. This work answers questions about the political processes that acted Guazzelli. One goal is to present customers who were Eloar in political affairs during the civil-military dictatorship. In addition, we seek to reconstruct the daily life of a lawyer for political prisoners, showing the relationships created between lawyer and client and lawyer and military justice. Are considered the arguments that Guazzelli used to gain in this court.

Image of lawyers in movies - Abstract This thesis focuses on selected legal (revolving around a legal issue or procedure) and lawyer (includes a well-established character who is a member of the legal profession) movies, that grabbed my attention and were interesting enough for me to write a short analysis of. The aim of this paper is to present these movies to the reader in two stages. First in the table, that contains their lucid list marking the branch of law which they relate to, brief summary of their plot, how realistic they are, quality assessment and country of origin. This is supposed to be used during selection of a movie to watch, so I strive to remain as objective as possible in the quality assessment and offer a summary, that does not diminish the viewing experience. Second in the analysis, that is focused on the legal side of the story and the characters of presented lawyers, who are being evaluated upon the logic and morality of their actions as well as how plausible their character is and other features. I deliberately omit storylines that are not essential to understanding the story as a whole and have little relevance to the legal side of it. In the third chapter I divide the movies in two categories: lawyer movies and legal movies, compare them together and try to present a more complex...