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xii, 145 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / In an effort to confront global warming and the increasing scarcity of resources, the preservation community began several years ago to adopt sustainable and green building practices and metrics for historic rehabilitation projects. As a result, there is an ever growing number of rehabilitated historic buildings in the United States not only incorporating sustainable building designs but also achieving Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification. Most of these are large, architect-designed buildings in urban settings rehabilitated for cultural and commercial uses. This thesis explores the application of the LEED 2009 New Construction and Major Renovation Rating System for the development of a sustainable rehabilitation plan for the modest vernacular 1897 Jeff. Smith's Parlor Museum in Skagway, Alaska. The goal of this research is to demonstrate how the LEED rating system might be applied to the rehabilitation of this building and other historic vernacular buildings. / Committee in Charge: Donald L. Peting, Chair; Grant Crosby, NPS Historical Architect

[pt] O Estudo das Contribuições dos Certificados vem salientar a relevância e suas consequências práticas na política Municipal do Rio de Janeiro, sobre as Mudanças do Clima e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, estabelecendo metas de redução de emissões antrópicas dos gases do efeito estufa, estimulando o aprimoramento dos conceitos e práticas estruturantes na construção de edificações residenciais, comerciais, mistas e institucionais. Iniciado com o Plano Estratégico da Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro pelo disposto da Lei número 5.248 de 27 de janeiro de 2011 e posteriormente pelo Decreto Municipal número 35.745 de 06 de junho de 2012, foi criado o selo ambiental de qualificação nas construções, o QUALIVERDE, de aplicação opcional aos projetos de novas edificações e as existentes. Seu objetivo principal foi o de incentivar o crescimento de empreendimentos que contemplem ações e práticas sustentáveis de (Construções Verdes), com eficiência no uso e consumo de água e energia, destinadas a favorecer a redução dos impactos ambientais na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. As contribuições dos parâmetros estabelecidos nos outros três selos internacionais mais aplicados, o Green Building-Leed, o Aqua-H.Q.E. e o Breeam, servirão para a análise e eficácia da aplicabilidade do Qualiverde, comparando-o as ações e medidas específicas utilizadas nos selos estrangeiros, avaliando seus conjuntos de estratégias, quanto a: a) Gestão no consumo de água; b) Eficácia energética e c) Soluções inovadoras nos Projetos Arquitetônicos. / [en] The theme is to stress the importance of the matter at the Master Course of Urban and Environmental Engineering and their practices in the Municipal policy on Climate Change and Sustainable Development consequences, establishing goals for reducing anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases in stimulating and disseminating concepts and structuring practices in the construction of residential, commercial, and institutional buildings mixed. It started with the Strategic Plan of the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro by the terms of Law No. 5,248 of January 27, 2011 and subsequently by Municipal Decree No. 35,745 of June 6, 2012, when the environmental seal QUALIVERDE was created as on option for new projects and existing buildings, residential, commercial, institutional or mixed use application.

Purpose: The study relies upon the development of green buildings due to an increased level of acknowledgement of environmental impacts, caused by the building industry. Building materials are one big factor that have a negative impact on the environment. Building Information Modeling (BIM) are constantly being developed in the construction industry because of unlimited technology. The purpose of this study is to see a digitalization of documentation of materials by using BIM, and what consequences this meets regarding coordination. Method: The study used three qualitative methods: literature study, interviews and document analysis. The literature study is based on current research on the subject. An analysis consisting of documents including requirements from three green building certification systems has been done to present how they differentiate. The interviews complete the work with a practical point of view. It presents the work towards green buildings and on what level BIM may be included in the building industry. Respondents are people working with environmental questions, construction management and experts within the field of BIM. Findings: Green building certifications in Sweden are developing to be much more alike, because they are starting to relay on the same kind of requirements. This means there are not many differences when using one or several types of green building certification systems. The combination leads to effects of synergies. The results from Aspö Eko-logi shows that its time consuming and cost inefficient since documentation is required. BIM is established in the construction business, but not with regards to material documentation. Several issues regarding coordination could be solved through BIM. Research on BIM connected with green building certification has been studied on an international level, regarding LEED. This study shows how this could be adapted with Swedish environmental certification systems and also proves that the technology exists. The study presents benefits from using BIM with regards to coordination. Implications: Implications of the study shows that more than one environmental certification system on a project does not have big difference on the documentation of materials. The study creates awareness within the building industry regarding the potential of BIM and its implementation on environmental certification. A BIM-based method could cause benefits such as efficiency, improved coordination, more clarity and digital documentation. Limitations: The study examines a project, which is one of the first in Sweden that uses more than one green building certification system. The report does also only examine LEED, Miljöbyggnad and Svanen. The study has produced a possible BIMbased method regarding material documentation, which partly is based on interviews with persons in the construction process of a project. This will affect all the involved professions throughout the building project, none of which has been interviewed in this study. This makes the result not applicable to other professions. However, they will still be applicable to similar companies and projects within construction manufacturing. / Syfte: Studien granskar utvecklingen gällande miljöcertifiering av byggnader. Detta beror på allt större medvetenhet kring byggindustrins miljöpåverkan. Byggmaterial är en av byggindustrins största faktorer till miljöpåverkan. Tillika rusar Building Information Modeling (BIM) med framfart inom byggbranschen på grund av teknologins utveckling de senaste åren. Syftet med rapporten är att studera hur materialdokumentation vid miljöcertifiering kan kopplas till BIM och vilka konsekvenser som det leder till i byggprocessen. Arbetet behandlar till stor del samordning vid materialdokumentation, med och utan BIM. Metod: Undersökningen har genomförts med tre kvalitativa metoder; litteraturstudier, intervjuer och dokumentanalys. Genom litteraturstudier har information kring aktuell forskning tagits fram. Dokumentanalysen informerar om skillnaderna mellan olika miljöcertifieringssystem. Intervjuerna bidrar med hur arbetet fungerar i praktiken utan BIM och hur aktuellt BIM är gällande materialdokumentation. Respondenter var personer inom miljösamordning, produktion samt experter inom BIM. Resultat: Miljöcertifieringar i Sverige utvecklas mot att bli allt mer lika varandra, eftersom de ställer allt mer lika krav. Det betyder att skillnaden mellan att använda fler certifieringar jämfört med att bara använda ett, inte blir stor. Kombinationen leder till synergieffekter. Det riskerar att orsaka extra kostnader på grund av att mer tid och resurser läggs på att dokumentera fler miljöcertifieringssystem, baserat på ett referensprojekt. BIM har etablerats i byggbranschen men inte när det gäller materialdokumentation. Flera problem angående samordning hade lösts med hjälp av BIM. Internationell forskning visar att kopplingen mellan BIM och materialdokumentation är aktuell. Denna studie visar på hur kopplingen kan anpassas till svenska miljöcertifieringssystem. Studien visar fördelarna med BIM när det gäller samordning. Konsekvenser: Denna studie visar att användningen av fler än ett miljöcertifieringssystem inte har någon större påverkan på materialdokumentation. Det skapar medvetenhet hos aktörer i byggbranschen gällande potentialen som finns med koppling mellan BIM och miljöcertifiering. En BIM-baserad arbetsmetod hade medfört fördelar som effektivitet, förbättrad samordning, ökad tydlighet och digital dokumentation. Begränsningar: Studien undersöker ett projekt, som är bland det första i Sverige, att använda fler än ett miljöcertifieringssystem. Endast miljöcertifieringssystemen Miljöbyggnad, Svanen och LEED har granskats som grund till rapporten. Studien presenterar en möjlig BIM-baserad arbetsgång vid miljöcertifiering baserat på intervjuer med personer som har kopplingar till produktionen. Detta skulle beröra hela byggprocessen, men projektörer, förvaltare och beställare har inte intervjuats i denna studie. Detta gör att resultatet inte är applicerbart på dessa arbetsgrupper. Denna studie kommer däremot kunna vara applicerbar på liknande entreprenadföretag samt projekt med liknande rutiner.

Lately the construction industry has become more interested in designing and constructing environmentally friendly buildings (e.g. sustainable buildings) that can provide both high performance and monetary savings. Analyzing various parameters during sustainable design such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and energy consumption, lighting simulation, green building rating system criteria and associated cost of building components at the conceptual design stage is very useful for designers needing to make decisions related to the selection of optimum design alternatives. Building Information Modeling (BIM) offers designers the ability to assess different design options and to select vital energy strategies and systems at the conceptual stage of proposed buildings. This thesis describes a methodology to implement sustainable design for proposed buildings at their conceptual stage. The proposed methodology is to be implemented through the design and development of a model that simplifies the process of designing sustainable buildings, evaluating their Environmental Impacts (EI), assessing their operational and embodied energy and listing their potential accumulated certification points in an integrated environment. Therefore, a Decision Support System (DSS) is developed by using Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques to help design team decides and selects the best type of sustainable building components and design families for proposed projects based on three main criteria (i.e. Environmental, Economical factor «cost efficiency » and Social wellbeing) in an attempt to identify the influence of design variations on the sustainable performance of the whole building. The DSS outcomes are incorporated in an integrated model capable of guiding users when performing sustainable design for building projects. The proposed methodology contains five modules: 1) Database Management System (DBMS), 2) Energy and lighting analysis, 3) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), 4) LEED and 5) Life Cycle Cost (LCC). To improve the workability of the proposed model, a use case of abovementioned modules are going to be created as plug-ins in BIM tool. The successful implementation of such a methodology represents a significant advancement in the ability to attain sustainable design of a building during the early stages, to evaluate its EI, and to list its potentially earned certification points and associated soft costs.

Following thesis deals with analysis about so called "green" administrative buildings and also tries to evaluate their efficiency under the conditions of sustainable development in Czech Republic. Theoretical part describes main reasons for construction such buildings that should lead to sustainable development as a result of reaching so called Triple Bottom Line. It means to ensure the balance among economic, environmental and social aspects. Practical part covers the analysis about efficiency on particular case study of green administrative building owned by CSOB bank.

This study examines the LEED-ND pilot rating program created by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC), the Congress for New Urbanism, and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) in 2007. The rating system is evaluated based on its application as a broad set of national standards meant to encourage green neighborhood development. The main case study is a master planned community in semi-rural Paso Robles, California. Among other things, the study discovers problems related to the application of the rating system in semi-rural and rural regions of the Western United States. Both the standards used by the rating system and the certification process itself were considered through a case study methodology.

This work deals research of the reliability of leed-free solder joints. It summarizes the basic knowledge of lead-free solder alloys, soldering and testing process, the soldered joints. The work is done selecting the most important factors entering into the soldering process. The method of the DOE sought the optimal combination of factors, which would correspond to the highest quality solder joints.

In dieser Arbeit wurden winkelaufgeloeste Photoemissionsuntersuchungen (ARUPS)und Messungen der Reflexionsanisotropie (RAS) durchgefuehrt. Fuer die Experimente standen p-3C-SiC(001)/n-3C-SiC(001)/n-Si-Proben zur Verfuegung. Den Mittelpunkt bildeten sowohl die Praeparation verschiedener Oberflaechen- rekonstruktionen als auch die oben genannten Untersuchungsmethoden. Fuer die Praeparation wurden zwei unterschiedliche Heizverfahren verwendet - die Elektronenstoßheizung und die direkte Heizung. Die Charakterisierung der Oberflaechenrekonstruktion erfolgte mittels LEED. Die Untersuchungen wurden an den Hauptrekonstruktionen der (001)-Oberflaeche des kubischen Siliziumkarbids - der (3x2)-, der (2x1)- und der c(2x2)- Rekonstruktion - durchgefuehrt, welche mit der direkten Heizmethode praepa- riert worden waren. Aus den winkelaufgeloesten Photoemissionsspektren konnten die jeweiligen Oberflaechenbandstrukturen ermittelt werden. Daraus ließen sich Schlußfolgerungen ueber die Ausbildung von Oberflaechenzustaenden bzw. Oberflaechenresonanzen treffen. Die RAS-Spektren zeigten für alle Rekonstruk- tionen deutlich unterschiedliche Verlaeufe.

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit sind ultradünne Filme organischer Moleküle auf anorganischen Substraten. Adsorbate wurden in Bedeckungen von Submonolagen bis hin zu Multilagen mittels Raster-Tunnel-Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie untersucht. Ergänzt wurde die Strukturaufklärung durch die Beugung niederenergetischer Elektronen (LEED). Im Mittelpunkt stehen in-situ Untersuchungen von im UHV aufgedampften Schichten. Darüberhinaus werden Experimente zur Erzeugung, Abbildung und Manipulation selbstassemblierter Monolagen an der flüssig-fest Grenzfläche beschrieben. Als Modell-Substanzen wurden Coronen, Zinn- und Palladium-Phthalocyanin, Naphthalocyanin sowie Trimesinsäure ausgewählt. Auf Ag(111) konnte bei geringer Bedeckung des planaren Coronens die Wechselwirkung mit dem Oberflächenzustand anhand von stehenden Elektronenwellen nachgewiesen werden. Sowohl auf Ag(111) als auch auf Graphit(0001) konnten für Coronen Monolagen kommensurable Überstrukturen gefunden werden. Für Palladium- und Zinn-Phthalocyanin offenbarte sich auf Ag(111) die Koexistenz von geordneten und ungeordneten Phasen. Wobei es für Palladium-Pc sowohl in der kristallinen als auch in der ungeordneten Phase Indizien für eine höhere Mobilität der Moleküle gibt. Im Fall des nicht planaren Zinn-Pc konnten zwei verschiedene Adsorptionsgeometrien des Moleküls mit dem STM eindeutig unterschieden werden. Die etwas größere Molekülstruktur des Naphthalocyanins bedingt eine Herauf-Skalierung der Einheitszelle, wie sie typischerweise bei Phthalocyaninen beobachtet wird. Ferner ließ sich eine eindeutige Abhängigkeit des intramolekularen Kontrastes vom Vorzeichen der Tunnelspannung durch zweimaligen Wechsel der Polarität im selben Bild zweifelsfrei belegen. Hierbei konnten die submolekularen Strukturen mit simulierten Molekülorbitalen isolierter Moleküle interpretiert werden. Bei den durch Wasserstoffbrücken-Bindungen stabilisierten offenen Netzwerken der Trimesinsäure (TMA) auf Graphit konnte je nach Lösungsmittel an der flüssig-fest Grenzfläche entweder die "Flower"- oder "Chickenwire"-Struktur eingestellt werden. Zudem konnte die Eignung dieser Schicht als Wirt-Gast-System durch die Einlagerung von C60-Fullerenen und Coronen demonstriert werden. Außerdem gelang die Manipulation einzelner C60 im TMA-Templat mit der STM-Spitze in flüssiger Umgebung bei Raumtemperatur.