• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 599
  • 66
  • 16
  • 14
  • 12
  • 12
  • 12
  • 12
  • 12
  • 12
  • 5
  • 4
  • 3
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 751
  • 572
  • 306
  • 216
  • 130
  • 103
  • 80
  • 77
  • 69
  • 66
  • 61
  • 55
  • 55
  • 53
  • 50
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
741

Polimorfismo Alélico do receptor FcyRIIA na Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana / Allelic polymorphism in the receptor FcyRIIA Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

OLIVEIRA, Cristina Rodrigues de 13 February 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:30:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTINA RODRIGUES DE OLIVEIRA.pdf: 2212867 bytes, checksum: a424437b0d0a13929b5f608708fec44a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-13 / The FcγRIIA, receptor for the Fc portion of IgG, expressed by macrophages, neutrophils, platelets and dendritic cells, bind to the subclasses of IgG with variable affinity, that can be influenced by the polymorphism in the gene that encodes this receptor. The substitution of the amino acid arginine (R) for histidine (H), in the 131 position, defines three allelic patterns, the homozygote H/H, R/R and the heterozygote H/R, conferring to the FcγRIIA H/H131 a greater affinity to the IgG2 and IgG3 subclasses. This can result in different responses to diverse pathogens. Studies show the importance of Fcγ receptors on the macrophage infection by amastigote forms of Leishmania sp, in addition to those for the complement (CR3) and for mannose (MR). Besides that, genetic factors related to the hosts are involved in the immune response to the leishmaniasis, among them, the FcγRs. Until this time, we haven t found studies relating the receptor FcγRIIA to the leishmaniasis in humans. This way, this work consists in analyzing the allelic polymorphism in the gene that encodes the FcRIIA in individuals with American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL), evaluate if this polymorphism would be a genetic fact of susceptibility or resistance for this disease, if this would be influencing in the development of the different clinical forms of the ATL, as well in the healing process of the lesions. The FcγRIIA H/R131 polymorphism was analyzed in 88 blood samples of individuals with leishmaniasis and in 98 samples of healthy individuals (control group), using PCR, amplifying a segment of the gene that encodes the FcRIIA, followed by allele-specific enzymatic digestion and agarose gel eletrophoresis 3%. These results showed that the genotypic and allelic distribution of the FcγRIIA H/R131 were similar in the patients with leishmaniasis and in the control group, as well in patients with different clinical forms of the ATL. Concerning the resolution time of the disease, among the patients that had their lesions healed within one month of treatment or after this period, there was a predominance of the alleles R and H, respectively, however these differences were not significant. This way, our study suggests that the allelic polymorphism of the FcγRIIA H/R131 possibly is not a genetic factor of host that is associated to the protection or pathogenesis in the American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis. / O FcyRIIA, receptor para região Fc de IgG, expresso por macrófagos, neutrófilos, plaquetas e células dendríticas, liga-se às subclasses de anticorpos IgG com afinidade variável, que pode ser influenciada pelo polimorfismo alélico no gene que codifica este receptor. A troca do aminoácido arginina (R) para histidina (H) na posição 131 determina três padrões alélicos: os homozigotos H/H e R/R e o heterozigoto H/R, conferindo ao FcγRIIA H/H131 maior afinidade para as subclasses IgG2 e IgG3. Isto pode resultar em diferentes respostas frente a patógenos diversos. Alguns estudos demonstram a importância dos receptores Fcγ na infecção de macrófagos por formas amastigotas de Leishmania sp, em adição aos receptores para complemento (CR3) e para manose (MR). Além disso, vários fatores genéticos do indivíduo estão envolvidos na resposta imune à leishmaniose, dentre esses os FcyRs. Até o presente momento, não encontramos estudos relacionando o receptor FcγRIIA com a leishmaniose em humanos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o polimorfismo alélico no gene que codifica o receptor FcyRIIA em indivíduos com Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA), avaliar se este polimorfismo seria um fator genético de susceptibilidade ou resistência para esta doença, se estaria influenciando no desenvolvimento das diferentes formas clínicas da LTA, bem como no tempo de cura das lesões. O polimorfismo do FcγRIIA H/R131 foi analisado em 88 amostras sangüíneas de indivíduos com LTA e em 98 amostras de indivíduos saudáveis (grupo controle), através da PCR, amplificando um segmento do gene que codifica o FcγRIIA, seguida de digestão enzimática alelo-específica e eletroforese em gel de agarose 3%. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a distribuição genotípica e alélica do FcγRIIA - H/R131 foi similar nos pacientes com leishmaniose e no grupo controle, bem como nos pacientes com as diferentes formas clínicas da LTA. Em relação ao tempo de resolução da doença, nos pacientes que tiveram suas lesões curadas com até um mês de tratamento ou após esse período, houve um predomínio do alelo R e do H, respectivamente, entretanto essas diferenças não foram significativas. Assim, nosso estudo sugere que o polimorfismo alélico do FcγRIIA H/R131 possivelmente não é um fator genético do hospedeiro que esteja associado com proteção ou patogênese na Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana.
742

Efeito da via de sinalizaÃÃo slam sobre cÃlulas t na resposta in vitro à leishmania braziliensis / Immune cells activation is modulated by balancing the signals triggered by a variety of cell surface receptors, including receptor activators, co-stimulating receptors and inhibitory receptors. Receptor-related signaling molecule in lymphocyte activation (SLAM) influences the immune cell activation. In this study we investigated the role of SLAM in immune response of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis, as well as if the response of individuals high (HP) or low (LP) IFN-γ producers is modulated by SLAM signaling pathway. Peripheral blood monocuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from 43 health individuals were cultured in vitro with anti-SLAM, rIFN-γ, rIL-12 and phytohemagglutinin in the presence or in the absence of L. braziliensis. It was found that L. braziliensis promoted a significantly reduced SLAM expression in T cells, after 120 h of cultured, possibly indicating activation of this pathway in the initial immune response. SLAM expression behaved differently in HP and LP groups. In LP group, L. braziliensis did not modify SLAM expression in T cells in early immune response. The effect of anti-SLAM on SLAM pathway reduced the expression of this protein in the early stages of the immune response of PBMC stimulated with L. braziliensis. After 120 h the effect of anti-SLAM did not alter CD3+SLAM+ expression in both groups. The proinflammatory cytokines, rIFN-γ and rIL-12, present in the microenvironment with L. braziliensis, reduced SLAM expression only in HP group after 6 h of culture and did not change this response after 120 h. Anti-SLAM at a concentration of 10 μg/ml presented no effect on production of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-13 in both groups, but significantly increased IL-10 production in the HP group. Furthermore anti-SLAM associated with L. braziliensis and rIFN-γ simultaneously did not modify IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-10 productions. Anti-SLAM associated with L. braziliensis and rIL-12 simultaneously induced an increase of IFN-γ in LP group, and increased IL-13 in HP group. These results suggest that in vitro immune response of PBMC exposed to L. braziliensis, the SLAM signaling pathway acts in modulating Th1 response in HP group and induces a condition of temporary immunosuppression in LP group, not previously described in literature.

Zirlane Castelo Branco Coelho 28 May 2011 (has links)
nÃo hà / A ativaÃÃo das cÃlulas do sistema imunolÃgico à modulada atravÃs dos sinais acionados por uma diversidade de receptores de superfÃcie celular, incluindo os receptores ativadores, receptores coestimuladores e receptores inibidores. Receptores relacionados à molÃcula sinalizadora na ativaÃÃo do linfÃcito (SLAM) tÃm influÃncia na ativaÃÃo imunolÃgica celular. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a funÃÃo de SLAM na resposta imunolÃgica à Leishmania braziliensis, e se a resposta de indivÃduos alto (AP) ou baixo (BP) produtores de IFN-γ seria modulada pela via de sinalizaÃÃo SLAM. CÃlulas monocucleadas do sangue perifÃrico (CMSP) de 43 indivÃduos foram bloqueadas com α-SLAM, rIFN-γ, rIL-12 e fitohemaglutinina, apÃs estimulaÃÃo com L. brazilensis. Verificou-se que L. braziliensis promoveu uma significante reduÃÃo da expressÃo de SLAM nas cÃlulas T, com 120h de cultivo, possivelmente indicando ativaÃÃo desta via na resposta imunolÃgica inicial. A expressÃo de SLAM se comportou de modo diferenciado nos indivÃduos AP e BP. Nos indivÃduos BP, L. braziliensis nÃo alterou a expressÃo de SLAM nas cÃlulas T, na fase inicial da resposta imunolÃgica. O bloqueio da via de SLAM com α-SLAM reduziu significativamente a expressÃo desta proteÃna nos primeiros momentos da resposta imunolÃgica das CMSP estimuladas com L. braziliensis. O bloqueio com α-SLAM, avaliado com 120 horas, nÃo alterou a expressÃo de CD3+SLAM+, em ambos os grupos. As citocinas proinflamatÃrias, rIFN-γ e rIL-12, presentes no microambiente com L. braziliensis, reduziram a expressÃo de SLAM apenas em indivÃduos AP com 6h de sensibilizaÃÃo e nÃo modificaram esta resposta com 120h de cultivo, na presenÃa do antÃgeno. O bloqueio com α-SLAM, na concentraÃÃo de 10μg/ml, nÃo interferiu na produÃÃo das citocinas IFN-γ e IL-13, em ambos os grupos, entretanto aumentou de forma significativa a produÃÃo de IL-10 em indivÃduos AP. O bloqueio da via de SLAM associado à L. braziliensis e rIFN-γ nÃo modificou a produÃÃo de IFN-γ, IL-13 e IL-10. O bloqueio da via de SLAM associado à L. braziliensis e rIL-12 induziu aumento de IFN-γ, nos indivÃduos BP, e aumento de IL-13, nos indivÃduos AP. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem que, na resposta in vitro de CMSP, sensibilizadas com L. braziliensis, a via de sinalizaÃÃo SLAM atua na modulaÃÃo da resposta Th1 em indivÃduos AP e induz uma condiÃÃo de imunossupressÃo temporÃria nos indivÃduos BP, nÃo descrita anteriormente na literatura. / Immune cells activation is modulated by balancing the signals triggered by a variety of cell surface receptors, including receptor activators, co-stimulating receptors and inhibitory receptors. Receptor-related signaling molecule in lymphocyte activation (SLAM) influences the immune cell activation. In this study we investigated the role of SLAM in immune response of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis, as well as if the response of individuals high (HP) or low (LP) IFN-γ producers is modulated by SLAM signaling pathway. Peripheral blood monocuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from 43 health individuals were cultured in vitro with anti-SLAM, rIFN-γ, rIL-12 and phytohemagglutinin in the presence or in the absence of L. braziliensis. It was found that L. braziliensis promoted a significantly reduced SLAM expression in T cells, after 120 h of cultured, possibly indicating activation of this pathway in the initial immune response. SLAM expression behaved differently in HP and LP groups. In LP group, L. braziliensis did not modify SLAM expression in T cells in early immune response. The effect of anti-SLAM on SLAM pathway reduced the expression of this protein in the early stages of the immune response of PBMC stimulated with L. braziliensis. After 120 h the effect of anti-SLAM did not alter CD3+SLAM+ expression in both groups. The proinflammatory cytokines, rIFN-γ and rIL-12, present in the microenvironment with L. braziliensis, reduced SLAM expression only in HP group after 6 h of culture and did not change this response after 120 h. Anti-SLAM at a concentration of 10 μg/ml presented no effect on production of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-13 in both groups, but significantly increased IL-10 production in the HP group. Furthermore anti-SLAM associated with L. braziliensis and rIFN-γ simultaneously did not modify IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-10 productions. Anti-SLAM associated with L. braziliensis and rIL-12 simultaneously induced an increase of IFN-γ in LP group, and increased IL-13 in HP group. These results suggest that in vitro immune response of PBMC exposed to L. braziliensis, the SLAM signaling pathway acts in modulating Th1 response in HP group and induces a condition of temporary immunosuppression in LP group, not previously described in literature.
743

Avaliação da especificidade do efeito da saliva do flebotomíneo vetor sobre a infectividade da espécie de Leishmania: infecção experimental de Leishmania (L.) amazonensis e Leishmania (V.) braziliensis com a saliva de Lutzomya flaviscutellata e Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) complexus em camundongo BALB/c / Evaluation of the specificity of the effect of sand fly vector in the infectivity of Leishmania: experimental infection of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and Leishmania (V.) braziliensis with the saliva of Lutzomyia flaviscutellata and Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) complexus in BALB/c mice

Fernanda de Camargo Francesquini 20 February 2014 (has links)
No ciclo natural de transmissão da leishmaniose, as fêmeas infectadas de flebotomíneos regurgitam promastigotas na pele de hospedeiro junto com a saliva. Tem sido descrito que componentes da saliva do vetor possuem propriedades imunomodulatórias que facilitam o estabelecimento da infecção no hospedeiro, contudo a maior parte dos estudos emprega lisado de glândula salivar (LGS) de vetores colonizados em laboratório. Dessa forma, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a especificidade do LSG dos flebotomíneos Lutzomyia flaviscutellata e Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) complexus capturados no campo na infectividade de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis e Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Camundongos BALB/c foram inoculados no coxim plantar traseiro com formas promastigotas de L. (L.) amazonensis e L. (V.) braziliensis na ausência ou presença do LGS de L. flaviscutelata, e L. (P.) complexus. A evolução da infecção foi acompanhada semanalmente e biópsias do ponto de inoculação foram coletadas para análise histopatológica e determinação de carga parasitária na 4ª e 8ª semana pós-infecção (PI); e o linfonodo de drenagem para caracterização de subpopulações de linfócitos T por citometria de fluxo. Células de linfonodo de drenagem foram também cultivadas, com estímulo homólogo, para quantificação de citocinas (IL-10, IL- 12 e IL-4) no sobrenadante. A infecção por L. (L.) amazonensis e L. (V.) braziliensis não se mostrou exacerbada nos grupos co-inoculados com o LGS de ambas as espécies em relação ao grupo controle, inoculado somente com o parasito. O tamanho de lesão e carga parasitária do grupo controle foi maior ou igual aos grupos com saliva. Na infecção por L. (L.) amazonensis houve diminuição dos linfócitos CD4+ e aumento na população de linfócitos CD8+ enquanto na infecção por L. (V.) braziliensis houve manutenção da população de linfócitos CD4+ e aumento de linfócitos CD8+ em todos os grupos quando comparados ao grupo saudável. A produção de IL-10 e IL-12, não diferiram entre os grupos, assim como a produção de IL-4 no grupo infectado por L. (V.) braziliensis. No entanto, nos grupos infectados apenas com L. (L.) amazonensis e com saliva de L. flaviscutellata, foi observada uma maior produção de IL-4 em relação ao grupo saudável. De forma geral, os resultados mostraram que a saliva de L. flaviscutellata e de Lutzomyia (P.) complexus, no seu binômio natural vetor/parasito ou não, não favoreceram o estabelecimento da infecção causada por L. (L.) amazonensis e L. (V.) braziliensis em camundongos BALB/c. / During the natural transmission of leishmaniasis, the infected female phlebotomine regurgitates promastigotes into the host\'s skin together with the saliva. It has been reported that components of vector saliva contain immunomodulatory properties that facilitate the establishment of infection in the host, however the most studies employed salivary gland lysate (SGL) of laboratory colonized vectors. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the specificity of SGL of the phlebotomines Lutzomyia flaviscutellata and Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) complexus caught in the field in the infectivity of L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis. BALB/c mice were inoculated in the hind footpad with promastigotes of L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis in the absence or presence of L. flaviscutelata, and L. (P.) complexus SGL. The evolution of the lesion size was evaluated weekly and biopsies from the site of infection were collected for histopathological analysis and determination of parasite load in the 4th and 8th week post infection (PI), and the draining lymph node to characterize subsets of T cells by flow cytometry. The draining lymph nodes cells were also cultured with specific antigen to determine the cytokines (IL-10, IL-12 and IL-4) in the supernatant. L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis infection was not exacerbated in the groups co-inoculated with the SGL of both species in the control group, only inoculated with the parasite. The lesion size and parasite burden of the control group was higher or equal to the groups with saliva. In L. (L.) amazonensis infection there was a decrease of CD4+ cells and an increase in the population of CD8+ cells while in L. (V.) braziliensis infection there was a maintenance of CD4+ cells and an increase in the population of CD8+ cells in all groups compared with the health group. The production of IL-10 and IL-12, did not differ between groups, as well as the production of IL-4 in the group infected by L. (V.) braziliensis. However, in the groups infected only with L. (L.) amazonensis in the presence of L. flaviscutellata saliva, it was observed a higher production of IL-4 in relation with the health group. As a whole, the results show that the saliva of L. flaviscutellata and L. (P.) complexus, in the natural vector/parasite binomium or not, did not favor the establishment of the infection caused by L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis in BALB/c mice
744

Utilização da PCR na identificação de espécies de leishmânias e do hábito alimentar em flebotomíneos (Díptera: Psychodidae) de regiões do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. / PCR-based leishmania species and blood meal identification in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Byanca Regina de Paiva 12 November 2009 (has links)
As leishmanioses são protozooses de alta prevalência em regiões tropicais como o Brasil, transmitidas por vetores flebotomíneos, cujos reservatórios são compostos por diferentes espécies animais. No vetor, os parasitos assumem uma forma flagelada indistinguível entre as espécies e outros tripanossomatídeos. A doença apresenta amplo espectro pela existência de varias espécies de leishmânias e por diferenças na susceptibilidade individual dos hospedeiros. Tanto para o prognóstico individual como também nas investigações epidemiológicas, levando-se em conta futuras medidas de controle desta doença, a identificação espécie especifica é de crucial importância. Um fator importante na rede causal é a determinação da preferência alimentar dos vetores, permitindo assim a intervenção adequada no controle da doença e de seus reservatórios. Atualmente, técnicas moleculares como a PCR, permitem diagnosticar a infecção, identificar a espécie infectante no vetor e seus hospedeiros,assim como o hábito alimentar dos flebotomíneos. Observou-se um aumento significativo de notificações de leishmaniose tegumentar e visceral no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, sendo que até o presente momento, pouco se conhece a respeito de sua etiologia. Neste sentido, em colaboração com pesquisadores do Mato Grosso do Sul e por meio da técnica de PCR, temos como objetivo: determinar a infecção natural dos flebotomíneos capturados em campo; identificar as espécies de leishmânias provenientes de amostras humanas e caninas e isoladas em hamster; padronizar reação que determine a fonte alimentar de flebotomíneos; em Campo Grande e Bela Vista. Para a identificação de leishmânia, foi utilizada como alvo seqüências de mini exon e nos casos positivos para subgênero Viannia utilizou-se a técnica de RFLP. Para identificação de fonte alimentar foi utilizado como alvo regiões conservadas do gene citocromo b. Na capital Campo Grande, a captura foi realizada no período de 2003 a 2005. Entre os anos de 2003 - 2004 a taxa mínima de infecção (TM) foi de 1,6%, sendo identificado L.(V.) braziliensis, já para o período de 2004 - 2005 a TM foi de 0,38%, para L.(L.) amazonensis, cuja maioria das espécies pertencia à Lu. longipalpis. Cinco amostras humanas provenientes de Campo Grande e outros municípios e isolados em hamster foram identificadas como L.(V.) braziliensis. No município de Bela Vista, no período entre 2004-2006, a maioria das espécies capturadas pertencia à espécie Bi. flaviscutelata. Destes, foi possível identificar TM de 0,6% de L. (L.) amazonensis e taxa de 0,24% para outros tripanossomatídeos. De um total de 10 amostras de cães isoladas em hamsters, 2 foram identificadas como L.(L.) amazonensis. A PCR para identificação de fonte alimentar foi capaz de identificar sangue de humano, galinha, camundongo, cavalo, gambá, capivara, porco, cachorro doméstico e cachorro do mato. Para validação da técnica, foram utilizados flebotomíneos capturados em Campo Grande (MS). Verificou-se que 68% dos insetos capturados alimentaram-se em galinha. Acreditamos que os resultados advindos deste projeto possam contribuir no desenho de futuras medidas de controle desta doença no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. / Leishmaniases protozooses have a high incidence in tropical regions such as Brazil and they are transmitted by sand fly vectors, their reservoirs consisting of different animal species. Flagellate forms in the vector are indistinguishable among the leishmania species as well as among other trypanosomatides. The disease presents a large spectrum due to the several leishmania species and also to different individual susceptibilities of hosts. Both for the individual prognosis as well as for epidemiological investigations in the future control measures of the disease the specific species identification is of crucial importance. An important factor in the causal net of the disease is knowledge of the vectors food source preferences, thus allowing an adequate intervention to control the spreading of the disease as well as of the reservoirs. Nowadays molecular techniques such as PCR allow an infection diagnosis, identification of the parasite infection in the vectors and hosts as well as the sand flies feeding habits. A significant increase of tegument and visceral leishmaniasis notifications was detected in Mato Grosso do Sul State (MS) and so far little is known about their etiology. In collaboration with Mato Grosso do Sul researchers we aim at the following goals, applying PCR techniques: determine the natural infections of field captured sand flies; identify leishmania species originating from human and canine isolates in hamsters; standardize the reaction to determine feeding source from sand flies captured in Campo Grande and Bela Vista. For leishmania species identification mini-exon sequences were used as target and in cases positive for Viannia subgenus the RFLP was applied. For food source identification citochrome b gene conserved regions were used as targets. Captures in Campo Grande were performed between 2003 to 2005. Between the years 2003 -2004 the minimum infection rate (MR) of 1.6% was found for L.(V.) braziliensis, while for the period 2004-2005 MR for L.(L.) amazonensis was 0.38% and the majority of sandfly species were identified as Lu. longipalpis. Five human isolates from Campo Grande and other municipalities were identified as L.(V.) braziliensis. The majority of specimens captured in Bela Vista municipality between 2004-2006 were Bi. flaviscutelata. From these a MR of 0.6% were identified as L .(L.) amazonensis and 0.24% for other Kinetoplastidia species. From a total of 10 canine isolates 2 were identified as L.(L.) amazonensis. Standardization of PCR for food source identification was capable to distinguish the origin of several blood sources: human, chicken, mouse, horse, opossum, capybara, pig, domestic and bush dogs. Sandflies captured in Campo Grande (MS) were used to validate the technique. A percentage of 68% from these captures had fed on chicken. We believe that results shown in this project may contribute to the design of future control measures of this disease in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.
745

Reatividade de \"tripanosomatídeos inferiores\": B. culicis, C. deanei, C. fasciculata, C. luciliae, H. samuelpessoai, L. seymouri, P. serpens e W. inconstans com anticorpos de hospedeiros humanos e cães infectados com Leishmania sp. e T. cruzi. / Reactivity of \"lower trypanosomatids\" : B. culicis, C. deanei, C. fasciculata, C. luciliae, H. samuelpessoai, L. seymouri, P. serpens and W. inconstans with anti-Leishmania sp. and anti-T. cruzi antibodies from human and canine hosts.

Leandro Rodrigues Ferreira 01 September 2010 (has links)
Os tripanosomatídeos inferiores, que infectam plantas e insetos, apresentam propriedades bioquímicas e moleculares similares a Leishmania sp. e Trypanosoma cruzi. Similaridades antigênicas entre estes parasitas são conhecidas à muito tempo, mas somente alguns poucos estudos comparativos sobre a imunorreatividade humoral cruzada foram descritos. No presente trabalho nós analisamos a imunorreatividade cruzada de extratos antigênicos totais de oito tripanosomatídeos inferiores por ELISA, com soros de humanos e cães infectados com T. cruzi e Leishmania sp. Segundo as positividades e dados de reatividade média para ELISA os tripanosomatídeos inferiores foram divididos em dois grupos. ELISA-G1 compreendeu 4 parasitas para os quais se obtiveram 100% de positividade e elevadas médias de absorbância, similar aos dados obtidos para L. chagasi para hospedeiros humanos e cães. Nos casos humanos, soros de pacientes chagásicos crônicos apresentaram 100% de positividade somente para o ELISA com T. cruzi, sem diferenças entre os tripanosomatídeos inferiores. Por outro lado amostras de doenças não relacionadas apresentaram baixa reatividade cruzada com os tripanosomatídeos inferiores. Apesar da sua posição taxonômica em várias sessões e sua antiga divergência estes resultados mostraram semelhança antigênica entre os tripanosomatídeos inferiores e os patogênicos, e podem ser uma fonte alternativa de antígenos para a detecção de anticorpos principalmente em casos de leishmaniose visceral. / \"Lower trypanosomatids\", that infect plant and insect, present biochemical and molecular similarities to Leishmania sp. and Trypanosoma cruzi. Antigenic similarities between those parasites are known for a long time, but only few comparative investigations about immune humoral cross-reaction were described. In the current work we analyze the cross-immunoreactivity of crude extract from eight lower trypanosomatids by ELISA, with human and dog host samples infected with T. cruzi and Leishmania sp. ELISA positivity and data of mean title of human or dog visceral leishmaniasis cases, the lower trypanosomatids were divided in two groups. ELISA-G1 comprised by 4 parasites resulted in 100% positivity and high mean of absorbance, similar data to those obtained with L. chagasi, with human or dog hosts. In human cases, Chagas disease chronic cases showed 100% positive only with ELISA performed with T. cruzi, with no differences among lower trypanosomatids. Otherwise samples with other non correlated disease presented low cross-reaction with lower trypanososmatids. In spite of, their taxonomic position in various sections and their old divergence these results showed a strong antigenic similarity between pathogenic and lower trypanosomatids, and could be an alternative source of antigen for the detection of antibodies against host mainly with visceral leishmaniasis cases.
746

A Natural Product and High-Throughput Screening Synthetic Approach Towards the Discovery of Antileishmanial Agents

Scaduto, Ryan 04 May 2021 (has links)
No description available.
747

Conception et synthèse de molécules hétérocycliques comme inhibiteurs d’enzymes et médiateurs d’interaction protéine-protéine

Kiyeleko, Scarlett 08 1900 (has links)
La nature contient un grand nombre de molécules naturelles à visée thérapeutique. Depuis plusieurs années, la chimie médicinale ne cesse de s’en inspirer afin de développer de nouvelles thérapies pour améliorer le quotidien des personnes atteintes de certaines pathologies. Cette thèse traitera de la conception de molécules hétérocycliques comme inhibiteurs d’enzymes et médiateurs d’interactions protéine-protéine. Les molécules bioactives sont la pierre angulaire de la chimie thérapeutique. Depuis la découverte de l’Aspirine en 1899, elles n’ont cessé d’impacter la société à plusieurs niveaux et ont contribué à l’amélioration de la qualité de vie des patients. Il y a cependant, plusieurs pathologies pour lesquelles il n’existe à ce jour aucun remède, ce qui met en exergue les limitations de la chimie médicinale et implique le développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques. La stéato-hépatite non-alcoolique ou NASH (Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis) est une maladie caractérisée par une accumulation de graisses dans le foie, menant à la formation de tissus cicatriciels sur le foie. Ces derniers altèrent les fonctions hépatiques du foie et peuvent mener à la cirrhose si aucun traitement n’est administré. A ce jour, il existe aucun médicament pour guérir de NASH. La serine-thréonine kinase 25 (STK25) est une sérine-thréonine kinase, qui serait impliquée dans le développement de la maladie de NASH. Ainsi, le premier chapitre de cette thèse rapporte la synthèse de triazolo-oxazines comme inhibiteurs potentiels de STK25. Il s’agit de la première approche inhibitrice rapportée dans la littérature. Des tests biologiques ont été effectués et la modélisation moléculaire des triazolo-oxazines a été réalisée. Face au problème de pharmacorésistance et l’absence de remèdes pour certaines maladies, il y a un besoin urgent pour de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques est présent. Depuis quelques années, les dégradeurs ciblés de protéines suscitent un engouement. En effet, ces derniers induisent la dégradation de protéines défectueuses en recrutant les complexes de ligase E3. Cette stratégie vient pallier l’absence de sites de liaison, caractéristique de plusieurs protéines impliquées dans le développement de cancers. Parmi les dégradeurs de protéines, il y a les agrafes moléculaires et les PROTACs. Dans le second chapitre de cette thèse, la synthèse de molécules hétérocycliques comme ligand de la ligase E3 DCAF15 pour le développement éventuel de nouveaux PROTACS sera rapportée. L’outil de modélisation moléculaire a permis la sélection de molécules indoliques comportant le motif -lactame et pyrrolidine . Bien qu’ils aient été synthétisés comme un mélange racémique, des tests pour la synthèse asymétrique de ces derniers seront également discuter. Les maladies infectieuses ravagent les pays de l’Amérique latine et l’Afrique subsaharienne. Les ressources insuffisantes, les conditions sanitaires et l’instabilité des régimes politiques rendent difficile l’administration et l’acheminement de traitements. Parmi ces maladies infectieuses, il y a la leishmaniose, la trypanosomiase humaine africaine et la trypanosomiase humaine américaine lesquelles sont toutes causés par des protozoaires. Dans le troisième chapitre, des molécules hétérocycliques, comportant le motif imidazolo-oxazine seront synthétisés comme candidats potentiels pour le traitement de ces maladies infectieuses. / Nature has provided an infinite number of bioactive small molecules for therapeutic benefits. For many years, it has inspired medicinal chemistry to develop new therapies to improve the well-being of humankind. This thesis will be about the conception of heterocyclic small molecules as enzyme inhibitors and protein-protein interaction mediators. Small molecules are the cornerstone of therapeutic chemistry. Since the discovery of Aspirin in 1899, small molecules have had a significant impact on several levels and have contributed to the improvement of quality of life. Nonetheless, many diseases still have no remedy; hence there exists a need for new therapeutic strategies. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, (NASH) is a disease characterized by a buildup of fat in the liver, leading to the formation of scars on the liver. These scars will affect the different functions of the liver and can even lead to cirrhosis if not treated. Up until now, there is no drug for NASH. STK25 is a serine-threonine kinase, suspected to be involved in the mechanism of action of NASH. The first chapter in this thesis involves the synthesis of triazolo-oxazines as potential STK25 inhibitors for NASH treatment. It is the first example of an enzymatic approach for NASH treatment. The synthesis of potential inhibitors was designed based of molecular modeling of other inhibitors targeting CDK. In a second chapter, a new approach of small molecules degraders that recruits E3 ligases complexes for the degradation of protein is described. Among the small molecule degraders, there are molecular glues and PROTACs. This chapter will describe the design and the synthesis of heterocyclic molecules as DCAF15 ligands for the eventual development of new PROTACs. Molecular docking has been useful for the selection of the - lactams et pyrrolidines small molecules. Infectious diseases have tremendous consequences in Latin America and Africa. The lack of means, health hazards and the political instability of governments make difficult the supply and administration of treatments. Among the infectious diseases, there are Leishmaniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, human American trypanosomiasis, which are caused by bacteria. In the third chapter, imidazolo-oxazine small molecules will be synthesized as potential candidates for the treatment of these parasitic infections.
748

Uncovering Novel Immuno-metabolic Profiles in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis:From Vaccine Development to Analgesic Mechanisms

Volpedo, Greta 09 September 2022 (has links)
No description available.
749

Contribuição à farmacognosia de Artemisia annua L. e Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae). Acompanhamento da variação de metabólitos secundários em diferentes fases fenológicas, órgãos e extratos vegetais, aspectos botânicos e avaliação da atividade antileishmania in vitro / Pharmacognosy of Artemisia annua L and Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae). Growth stages variation of secondary metabolites in extracts from plant parts collected in different growth stages, botanical aspects and in vitro evaluation of the antileishmanial activity

Silva, Fabiana Lima 29 September 2008 (has links)
Na busca por espécies vegetais com atividade antileishmania, selecionaram-se, para o estudo, duas espécies bem conhecidas da família Asteraceae: Artemisia annua L. e Bidens pilosa L. Ambas são reconhecidamente utilizadas na medicina popular, como antiprotozoárias. Apesar de terem sido amplamente estudadas em diversos aspectos, alguns permaneceram inexplorados, até o momento, e foram abordados, neste trabalho. As duas espécies foram analisadas quanto aos aspectos químico e biológico de extratos (hidroetanólico e infuso) e frações orgânicas selecionados, em função da atividade antileishmania in vitro, frente às formas promastigotas de Leishmania amazonensis. Os extratos foram obtidos a partir de órgãos vegetais, em estados de conservação diferentes (in natura, droga) e coletados em fenofases distintas. Extratos e frações orgânicas das espécies estudadas mostraram promissora atividade antileishmania in vitro e baixo nível de citotoxicidade in vitro em células epiteliais humanas (HEP-2). No estudo químico dos extratos e frações bioativos, realizaram-se análises qualitativas e/ou quantitativas de terpenos, flavonóides e de marcadores específicos (artemisinina, quercetina e rutina), avaliando-se a variação da composição dos mesmos, nas diferentes fenofases consideradas. Discutiram-se as possíveis relações existentes entre a composição química e a atividade biológica verificada. Aspectos inéditos do estudo morfoanatômico de partes aéreas de A. annua foram descritos. / Plants are potential sources of new antileishmanial drugs. Two well-known antiprotozoal species were selected, from the Asteraceae family, for this study: Artemisia annua L and Bidens pilosa L. Despite the traditional and scientific accumulated knowledge, some aspects were not investigated before and were the subject of this work. Several extracts (infusions and ethanol 96 °GL) and selected fractions from both species were evaluated according to the different parameters, such as: plant organs and/or parts, growth stages and drying state of starting materials (fresh, drug). Fractions were selected among those more active against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Ethanol extracts and their fractions showed a high level of in vitro antileishmanial activity and a low cytotoxicity on epithelial human cells (HEP-2). Qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of extracts and fractions were performed for terpenes, flavonoids and selected markers (artemisinin, quercetin and rutin) in order to characterize them and evaluate variations during the different growth stages. Correlations of the chemical composition and the biological activity were discussed. The main anatomical characters of the aerial parts of A. annua were described for the first time and illustrated by photomicrographs.
750

Molecular Epidemiology, Clinical Molecular Diagnosis and Genetic Diversity of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Jericho, Palestine

Al-Jawabreh, Amer 17 January 2006 (has links)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Sensitivität des Nachweises von Leishmanien in Giemsa-gefärbten Bioptaten aus Hautulzerationen mittels direkter Mikroskopie mit der Sensitivität der ITS1-PCR verglichen. Bei der ITS1-PCR wurde eine Sensitivität von 87 % mit einem positiven predictive value von 100 %, sowie eine Spezifität von 100 % mit einem negativen predictive value von 85 % nachgewiesen. Weiterhin wurden vier verschiedene Nachweismethoden miteinander verglichen: die in vitro Kultivierung in NNN Medium, die direkte Mikroskopie von Giemsa gefärbten Hautbioptaten, die PCR Amplifizierung der ITS1 Region aus auf Filterpapier aufgetragenen Hautbioptaten (FP) sowie die ITS1-PCR von ungefärbten Hautbioptaten (US). Die PCR der US erwies sich als die sensitivste Methode. Die Verbreitung von Leishmanien Arten in Jericho wurde mittels molekularer Epidemiologie untersucht. Die räumliche (Spatial) Analyse zeigte drei statistisch relevante Cluster innerhalb der kutanen Leishmaniose (CL): ein Cluster mit L. major und zwei L. tropica Cluster. Bei der Raum-Zeit–Analyse wurden vier Cluster von Kutanen Leishmaniose, zwei L. major und drei L. tropica Cluster nachgewiesen. Insgesamt 106 Stämme, die aus verschiedenen endemischen Regionen in Zentralasien, im Nahen Osten und Afrika stammen, wurden mit 10 Mikrosatellitenmarkern untersucht. Die Auswertung erfolgte über zwei Analysemethoden: die Distanz-basierte und die Modell-basierte Methode. Anhand der L. major Genomsequenz wurden PCR-Primer zur Amplifizierung von Mikrosatellitenloci von L. major entwickelt, die auf den Chromosomen 1, 3, 5, 21 und 35 liegen. Sieben unterschiedliche L. major Populationen einschließlich zweier genetisch isolierter Populationen im Nahen Osten wurden mit diesen Markern nachgewiesen. / In this study we compared the sensitivity of the diagnosis of Giemsa-stained skin scrapings by standardized graded direct microscopy with that of ITS1-PCR. ITS1-PCR showed a sensitivity of 87% with positive predictive value of 100% and a specificity of 100% with negative predictive value of 85%. In-vitro cultivation using NNN medium and direct smear microscopy of Giemsa-stained slides, PCR amplifying region 1 of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) using skin scrapings spotted on filter papers (FP) and unstained tissue smears (US) were compared. PCR using US was more sensitive than all other methods Molecular epidemiology was used to study the distribution of Leishmania species in Jericho. Spatial analysis showed three statistically significant clusters of CL, one cluster for L. major and two clusters for L. tropica. In the case of space-time, four clusters for CL, two for L. major and three for L. tropica were detected. A total of 106 strains isolated in different endemic regions of Central Asia, Middle East and Africa were analysed using 10 pairs of microsatellite markers under two cluster methods: distance and model-based. Markers were designed to amplify microsatellite loci identified in the genome sequence of L. major on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 21 and 35. Seven discrete populations of L. major including two genetically isolated populations in the Middle East were revealed.

Page generated in 0.0193 seconds