Master of Arts / Communications Studies, Theatre and Dance / Charles J. Griffin / This study examines the therapeutic nature of veterans’ reunions through a qualitative analysis of interviews and participant observation of the 2010 Delta Raiders of Vietnam Association biannual reunion. Eight Vietnam veterans who served in the 2nd Battalion, 501st Infantry, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Company D during Vietnam were interviewed, as well as three wives of these veterans. The following research question directed the study: What communicative functions do veterans’ reunions serve? By examining the quality of social support and the rationality (probability and fidelity) of the narratives that these veterans provide one another, this study seeks to understand why Vietnam veterans continue meeting for reunions, what in particular is so strong about the Delta Raider reunions, and how personal narratives communicatively function within a veteran’s reunion context. Results show that the veterans’ reunions primarily serve to rebuild narrative probability for the veterans, as well as construct boundaries for narrative fidelity to work within. Additionally, veterans’ reunions provide therapeutic relief, forming a second family through renewed company pride, and revealing tension between shared veteran experience and family communication.

No description available.

[Truncated abstract] In March 2005, the Indian Ocean island of Reunion, a former colony and now overseas department of France, saw the first cases of what was to become a massive epidemic of the mosquito borne viral infection Chikungunya. More than 250,000 people, one third of the Island's population, were subject to high fevers, rash, and joint and muscle pains over the next 18 months, yet the public health authorities in metropolitan France were arguably slow to take the epidemic seriously. The research presented here explores attitudes underlying the management of the epidemic by examining both metropolitan and local representations of mosquito borne disease from historical, epidemiological and media perspectives. The research seeks to answer the general question Does colonial history continue to influence the representation and management of mosquito borne disease in Reunion? Three parallel approaches are taken to answering this question, using a common framework of tropicality (a Western discourse that exalts the temperate world over its tropical counterpart, and overlaps with colonialism and orientalism). ... Several factors are likely to have contributed to the persistence of tropicality in public health practice in Reunion: Othering as a universal phenomenon; the cost of administering interventions to combat tropical diseases in the remote environments of French overseas departments and territories; the denial of a serious public health risk as a cultural trait in Reunion; and the significant role of the colonies in forming and maintaining the French national identity. It has to be acknowledged that historically, tropicalism does appear to have played one positive role in the management of mosquito borne disease:

No description available.

Le phénomène migratoire n'est pas nouveau dans l'histoire de l’humanité : il demeure inéluctablement un phénomène mondial, hier, et avec beaucoup plus d'acuité aujourd'hui. Les peuples anciens ont connu le nomadisme : les déplacements massifs, à la recherche d’un refuge, de la nourriture, du fait des changements climatiques ou des saisons… De nos jours, les migrations présentent certes de multiples spécificités, mais d'évidence, elles empruntent leurs caractéristiques fondamentales des anciens phénomènes migratoires. L'immigration comorienne à La Réunion n'échappe à cette règle immuable de l'évolution humaine. De l'immigration forcée à celle choisie par des hommes et des femmes vers une contrée lointaine, l'île de La Réunion, les Comoriens s’y sont installés durablement depuis le début du XXème siècle, amenant avec eux ce qui les caractérise : leur « comorianité », c’est-à-dire leurs us et coutumes. Si cette dernière rend cette population visible, il n'en reste pas moins vrai qu'elle demeure méconnue du fait notamment de son effacement et de sa difficile visibilité sur le plan sociopolitique locale. Pour autant, cette situation n'est pas figée, elle évolue avec le temps. Cette diaspora s'emploie tant bien que mal pour réussir son intégration et participer ainsi à l'effort collectif dans le génie réunionnais du bon vivre ensemble. Cette thèse se propose donc de répondre aux questionnements que soulève cette présence des Comoriens au sein de La Réunion. Il importe en effet de s’interroger sur les causes et les conséquences de cette immigration comorienne dans cette île. Ses causes et ses conséquences sont multiples et variées et donnent à cette immigration une spécificité propre la distinguant des autres migrations. / Migration is not just a current issue in the human history: it has ineluctably been a worldwide phenomenon, as dominant in the past, and with more acuity nowdays. The ancient populations were users of nomadism : enormous movements between places, either to look for refugee, food due to climate change or seasons for instance.Nowdays, migrations present yet multiple specificities but certainly, they are linked withfundamental characteristics of migratory ancients populations. Comorian immigration within La Réunion Island does not scape from these immuable rules of the human evolution. From forced migration to that of chosen by men and women towards far a way places, such as La Réunion Island, Comorian migrants have been settling there from the twentieth century, carrying what characterise them: “Comorianité” meaning the “us” and customs. If these aspects make Comorian migrants more visible, it is not untruth that they are unknown because of its lack of visibility within the local social and political spectrum. Although this dilemma does not seem to be steady, it changes over the time. This diaspora seems to work hard for its integration and participation in the collective efforts with respect to intellectual development of La Réunion as well as its cohesivness.This thesis aims to respond to the multiple questions of the presence of this population within La Réunion. It will also cover the causes and consequences of the comorian immigration inside this island. These elements are multiple and varied and offer to this group of migrants special characteristic compared to others.

I interpret Civil War romanticism by looking at well-known archetypal characters such as the knight, the Puritan, and the Christ figure. I argue that sectional reunion occurred, in part, because Americans shared a common celebration of the Christian/chivalrous hero expressed through stories about the lives and personalities of leading figures of the Civil War. Western traditions like Christianity and its medieval warrior code, chivalry, conditioned Americans to seek heroes who conformed to a certain pattern that resembled the knightly ideal. Chivalry did not crowd-out other forms of masculine behavior, but during the nineteenth century, the British century, Americans had not yet created a man in their own image. That would come later with the twentieth century’s most favored man: the cowboy. Americans created Robert E. Lee as a knight figure resembling Western heroes such as King Arthur. Unlike the more controversial Confederate notables Stonewall Jackson and Jefferson Davis, the Lee figure offered Americans the genteel, Christ-like, hero who could be made to represent all of white America. Davis was too defiantly unreconstructed to ever affect much sectional agreement, and Jackson simply could not be made to fit the chivalrous pattern. Thus, Lee allowed southerners to identify themselves as uniquely chivalrous and honorable compared to the modern North. At the same time, the Lee figure provided northerners the opportunity to romanticize a charming, orderly, Old South while rejecting the violent, narrow-minded, states' rights South best symbolized by Davis. I prefer to interpret commentary about the Civil War as storytelling and do not use terms such as the Lost Cause or Civil War memory. High-ranking officers, the common solider, and those who never participated in the Civil War each told stories about it. Due to the large number of stories told, certain common themes became evident in American interpretations of the Civil War era. Common stories include: Lee at Appomattox, Jackson's unmerciful marches against Union forces, and Davis (almost) eluding capture dressed as a woman. Taken together the sub-stories reveal much about the grand narrative of the Civil War, and how Americans, though succeeding to a great extent, failed to completely reunite.

This diploma thesis "The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem - History and Nowadays"deals with the origins, historical evolution and activities of this order. This international Christian ecumenical order of knights operates with his activities in charitable, humanitarian, medical and educational field. The introduction of the thesis deals with cultural, social and political situation, which was the reason of formation of the order and also briefly shows the internal organization and structure of the order. The next chapter maps the contemporary history of the order and current situation abroad and in the Czech Republic, which is tainted by the dispute about grand master. In the end the thesis deals with activities of the order in the field of social activities. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

L'évolution de la majorité des volcans basaltiques est marquée par des phénomènes récurrents d'instabilité latérale. De nombreux facteurs d'instabilité, impliqués dans des déstabilisations à long terme ou des effondrements de flancs instantanés, ont été recensés depuis l'événement majeur qui a frappé le Mont Saint-Helens en 1980. Cependant, le rôle de ces facteurs sur la stabilité mécanique des édifices est mal contraint dans la mesure où les glissements de flancs résultent en général de plusieurs causes simultanées. Notre étude se concentre sur une comparaison des caractéristiques morphologiques et structurales de deux systèmes basaltiques, La Réunion (Océan Indien, France) et Stromboli (Mer Tyrrhénienne, Italie). Nous avons montré que, bien qu'ayant des volumes et des contextes géodynamiques très différents, les systèmes sont tous deux caractérisés par une activité intrusive intense le long de rift zones et ont subi des déstabilisations latérales récurrentes durant leur évolution. Parmi les facteurs d'instabilité, les exemples de La Réunion et de Stromboli soulignent l'influence majeure des complexes intrusifs dans la croissance et le démantèlement des volcans, comme le prouvent les études de terrain et la surveillance des ces volcans actifs. Les modèles classiques considèrent que le processus d'instabilité latérale en domaine volcanique résulte de la mise en place d'une ou plusieurs intrusions verticales, entrainant des mouvements de flancs le long d'une surface de glissement pré-existante. De nouvelles données de terrain obtenues au Piton des Neiges (La Réunion), ainsi que des données de littérature sur d'autres édifices, ont permis de mettre en évidence le rôle des intrusions sub-horizontales dans les déstabilisations de flancs et de caractériser la géométrie des intrusions sub-verticales et sub-horizontales au sein des volcans basaltiques. Cette étude compare les résultats de la modélisation numérique des champs de déplacements de surface crées par la mise en place d'intrusions magmatiques à faible / fort pendage dans les édifices basaltiques, grâce à une méthode d'éléments frontières mixte (Mixed Boundary Element Method), dans le but de déterminer le comportement mécanique d'un édifice soumis à des injections magmatiques sous différents champs de contraintes. Les résultats de cette étude montrent qu'un champ de contraintes anisotrope favorise le glissement le long des intrusions, généré par la contrainte cisaillante co-intrusive, à l'origine de déplacements à l'échelle du flanc de l'édifice. Ces déplacements de grande ampleur, préférentiellement liés à des intrusions subhorizontales, peuvent probablement déclencher des grands glissements latéraux si leur amplitude dépasse le seuil de stabilité de l'édifice. L'application des résultats théoriques à des exemples réels de déformations enregistrées sur des volcans basaltiques (dont La Réunion et Stromboli, au cours de leurs crises éruptives de 2007) révèle que le modèle de déstabilisation associée à des intrusions sub-verticales est un mécanisme pouvant générer des effondrements de flancs sur des petits édifices à fortes pentes comme Stromboli. De plus, nos données de terrain et les résultats de modélisation confirment l'importance des intrusions sub-horizontales dans l'évolution morpho-structurale des grands édifices basaltiques à faibles pentes comme le Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion), l'Etna ou le Kilauea, et plus particulièrement dans les instabilités de flancs pouvant causer des tsunamis dévastateurs. / Most basaltic volcanoes are affected by recurrent lateral instabilities during their evolution. Numerous factors have been shown to be involved in the process of flank destabilization occurring over long periods of time or by instantaneous failures. However, the role of these factors on the mechanical behaviour and stability of volcanic edifices is poorly-constrained as lateral failure usually results from the combined effects of several parameters. Our study focuses on the morphological and structural comparison of two end-member basaltic systems, La Reunion (Indian ocean, France) and Stromboli (southern Tyrrhenian sea, Italy). We showed that despite major differences on their volumes and geodynamic settings, both systems present some similarities as they are characterized by an intense intrusive activity along well-developed rift zones and recurrent phenomena of flank collapse during their evolution. Among the factors of instability, the examples of la Reunion and Stromboli evidence the major contribution of intrusive complexes to volcano growth and destruction as attested by field observations and the monitoring of these active volcanoes. Classical models consider the relationship between vertical intrusions of magma and flank movements along a preexisting sliding surface. A set of published and new field data from Piton des Neiges volcano (La Reunion) allowed us to recognize the role of subhorizontal intrusions in the process of flank instability and to characterize the geometry of both subvertical and subhorizontal intrusions within basaltic edifices. This study compares the results of numerical modelling of the displacements associated with high-angle and low-angle intrusions within basaltic volcanoes. We use a Mixed Boundary Element Method to investigate the mechanical response of an edifice to the injection of magmatic intrusions in different stress fields. Our results indicate that the anisotropy of the stress field favours the slip along the intrusions due to cointrusive shear stress, generating flank-scale displacements of the edifice, especially in the case of subhorizontal intrusions, capable of triggering large-scale flank collapses on basaltic volcanoes. Applications of our theoretical results to real cases of flank displacements on basaltic volcanoes (such as the 2007 eruptive crisis at La Reunion and Stromboli) revealed that the previous model of subvertical intrusions-related collapse is a likely mechanism affecting small-scale steeply-sloping basaltic volcanoes like Stromboli. Furthermore, our field study combined to modelling results confirms the importance of shallow-dipping intrusions in the morpho-structural evolution of large gently-sloping basaltic volcanoes like Piton de la Fournaise, Etna and Kilauea, with particular regards to flank instability, which can cause catastrophic tsunamis.

Depuis l'éradication du paludisme à la Réunion, les autorités sanitaires locales s'attachent à éviter une reprise de sa transmission. Le risque sanitaire est lié à l'importation de souches plasmodiales depuis les pays voisins à fort potentiel paludogène ainsi qu'à la présence d'An. arabiensis, seul vecteur potentiel de la maladie sur l'île. La capacité vectorielle d'An. arabiensis à la Réunion est globalement faible mais sa mesure dans différentes parties de l'île et à différentes saisons montre que la transmission du paludisme reste possible lorsque les conditions environnementales sont favorables. La mission de lutte contre la réintroduction du paludisme est dévolue à la DRASS de la Réunion, qui applique actuellement un programme de lutte systématique contre les vecteurs dans les régions littorales de l'île. Or, le risque lié au paludisme présente une grande hétérogénéité, à la fois géographique et saisonnière, en fonction de la présence éventuelle du réservoir humain infectant (cas importés) et des caractéristiques biologiques des populations vectorielles. Ce constat permet d'envisager une conception et une organisation différentes de la lutte antipaludique à la Réunion qui pourrait être basée sur une approche beaucoup plus sélective. Un système d'information géographique est proposé dans le but de planifier des actions ciblées à la fois dans le temps et dans l'espace. Il permet d'identifier, sur la base du recueil hebdomadaire de données entomologiques et épidémiologiques, des zones où le risque sanitaire est réel et d'établir des priorités d'intervention en matière de lutte antivectorielle et d'éducation sanitaire

A recognition system is required between pinniped mothers and pups. For otariids this is especially important since females frequently leave their pups for foraging and must reunite on return. Pups must deal with these fasting periods during maternal absence and consequently may attempt to obtain allomaternal care from unrelated females. This research on the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) at Ohau Point, Kaikoura, New Zealand, quantified mother-pup recognition behaviour during reunions, individuality of pup calls used by mothers to recognise their pup, and the occurrence of allosuckling as a possible recognition error by females and as a strategy employed by pups to gain allomaternal care during their mothers' absence. A combination of behavioural observations, morphometry, VHF radio telemetry, acoustics and DNA genotyping were employed to study these topics. Postpartum interaction behaviours between mothers and pups appeared to facilitate development of an efficient mother-pup recognition system, involving mainly vocal and olfactory cues that were utilised during reunions. Greater selective pressure on pups to reunite resulted in an asymmetry of searching behaviour between females and pups during reunions. The vocalisations of pups were stereotypic, especially those features of the fundamental frequency and frequency of the lowest harmonic, which are likely to facilitate recognition of a pup by their mother. Pups attempted to steal milk from unrelated females more often during maternal absence and appeared to modify the intra-individual variation pattern of a feature of their vocal signatures over this period, which may assist attempts at allosuckling under nutritional stress. Fostering was demonstrated to occur despite costs to filial pups and possible costs to female reproductive success and may be attributed to development of erroneous recognition between females and non filial pups, or kin selection. This study provides a valuable contribution to the knowledge of recognition systems between pinniped mothers and pups, of alternative pup strategies under nutritional stress and of the rare occurrence of fostering in otariid pinnipeds.