Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät I--Universität Zürich, 1994. / Bibliogr. p. 269-310. Index.

Habilitationsschrift--Munich. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-216) and index.

En analysant les discours élaborés par les Lumières allemandes au sujet de La Mettrie entre 1739 et 1789, cette thèse vise à réévaluer la place du matérialisme au sein des échanges culturels franco-allemands de la période. La première partie précise les enjeux et les méthodes de l’étude : le scandale littéraire et philosophique doit être envisagé comme un révélateur des principes et des mécanismes de fonctionnement qui sous-tendent les productions de la République des Lettres. L’étude du scandale dans ce qu’il fait au texte est un prisme pertinent pour analyser le problème du matérialisme français, l’oeuvre de La Mettrie et le fonctionnement de l’espace qui la reçoit. La deuxième partie examine la réception initiale de la Mettrie en Allemagne entre 1739 et 1752. Elle mesure l’impact du scandale sur les textes, en montrant que l’oeuvre de La Mettrie est prise dans des débats qui rejaillissent de manière ambivalente sur son interprétation, allant jusqu’à entrainer de fausses lectures. La troisième partie s’intéresse à la réception ultérieure du médecin-philosophe français. Elle souligne la diversité des discours produits entre 1752 et 1789 : repoussoir, aiguillon, occasion de transfert oblique, voie de contestation et de redéfinition des Lumières, la référence à La Mettrie ne saurait être uniquement interprétée en termes d’influences ou d’absence d’influences. Ce parcours permet, in fine, de relire les débats entre philosophes et antiphilosophes français à l’aune de la réception allemande. Cette thèse souligne la richesse de la discussion menée entre France et Allemagne autour du matérialisme, reconsidère le rôle de La Mettrie et invite à redécouvrir une oeuvre méconnue. / In analyzing the discourses developed by the German Enlightenment on La Mettrie between 1739 and 1789, this thesis aims at re-evaluating the place of materialism in the Franco-German cultural exchanges of the period. The first part specifies the stakes and methods of the study: the literary and philosophical scandal must be considered as a revealing of the principles and operating mechanisms that underlie the productions of the Republic of Letters. The study of the scandal in what he does to the text is a pertinent prism to analyze the problem of French materialism, the work of La Mettrie and the functioning of the space that receives it. The second part examines the initial reception of the Mettrie in Germany between 1739 and 1752. It measures the impact of the scandal on the texts, showing that the work of La Mettrie is taken in debates that reflect in an ambivalent way on its interpretation, even leading to false readings. The third part is concerned with the later reception of the French physician-philosopher. It emphasizes the diversity of discourse produced between 1752 and 1789: a flicker, a sting, an oblique transfer opportunity, a way of contesting and redefining the Enlightenment, the reference to La Mettrie can not be solely interpreted in terms of influences or absence of influences. This course allows, in fine, to read differently the debates between French philosophers and antiphilosophers in the light of the German reception. This thesis underlines the richness of the discussion between France and Germany on materialism, reconsiders the role of La Mettrie and invites us to rediscover an unknown work.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as bases teóricas pelas quais o Marquês de Sade edificou sua filosofia, a saber, precisamente, a influência de La Mettrie e Holbach, o que compreende um estudo da natureza e a questão mecânica na composição dos seres, incorrendo a um determinismo fundamental na corrente materialista do século XVIII. Importa compreender de que maneira tomou a tese do homem como máquina e a ideia de uma natureza criadora-destruidora, que lhe permitiu um imoralismo declarado, pautado não somente na natureza mas em um ateísmo militante. As consequências desse percurso incorrem na tese do contra-iluminismo do Marquês de Sade que, homem de seu tempo, edificou uma obra pautada no combate, na denúncia, no discurso dominante que caracteriza a diferença entre fortes e fracos. A exigência de felicidade tem a realização do pleno curso das paixões, explorando todas as dimensões da máquina corporal que pode ser feliz, sob a ótica libertina, na prática do crime. O modo como Sade se antecipa em tratar do mal sendo um componente da natureza, fonte de prazer, resulta também na intolerância do libertino em relação à vítima. / This work aims to analyze the theoretical bases by which the Marquis de Sade built his philosophy, namely precisely the influence of La Mettrie and Holbach, which includes a study of nature and the mechanical question in the composition of beings, incurring to a fundamental determinism in the materialist current of the eighteenth century. It is important to understand how he took the thesis of mankind as a machine and the idea of a creative-destructive nature which allowed him to have a declared immoralism, based not only on nature, but also on militant atheism. The consequences of this path, incurs on the thesis of the counter-enlightenment of the Marquis de Sade who, man of his time, built a work based on combat, on denunciation, on the dominant discourse that characterizes the difference between strong and weak. The happiness demand is achieved by the total flow of passions, exploring all the dimensions of the corporal machine that can be happy, under the libertine optics, in the practice of crime. The way how Sade anticipates on treating evil as a component of nature, source of pleasure, also results in the intolerance of the libertine towards the victim.

Submitted by Elizângela Mattos (zanolea@bol.com.br) on 2018-01-07T03:52:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE EIM VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 1932214 bytes, checksum: f9329a374c15b17da75ffb7b89633dc1 (MD5) formulário tese versão final EIM.jpg: 304376 bytes, checksum: e919c32c493ba10afd6a09a43667b373 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-30T12:40:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE EIM VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 1932214 bytes, checksum: f9329a374c15b17da75ffb7b89633dc1 (MD5) formulário tese versão final EIM.jpg: 304376 bytes, checksum: e919c32c493ba10afd6a09a43667b373 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-30T13:05:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE EIM VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 1932214 bytes, checksum: f9329a374c15b17da75ffb7b89633dc1 (MD5) formulário tese versão final EIM.jpg: 304376 bytes, checksum: e919c32c493ba10afd6a09a43667b373 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-30T13:06:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE EIM VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 1932214 bytes, checksum: f9329a374c15b17da75ffb7b89633dc1 (MD5) formulário tese versão final EIM.jpg: 304376 bytes, checksum: e919c32c493ba10afd6a09a43667b373 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This work aims to analyze the theoretical bases by which the Marquis de Sade built his philosophy, namely precisely the influence of La Mettrie and Holbach, which includes a study of nature and the mechanical question in the composition of beings, incurring to a fundamental determinism in the materialist current of the eighteenth century. It is important to understand how he took the thesis of mankind as a machine and the idea of a creative-destructive nature which allowed him to have a declared immoralism, based not only on nature, but also on militant atheism. The consequences of this path, incurs on the thesis of the counter-enlightenment of the Marquis de Sade who, man of his time, built a work based on combat, on denunciation, on the dominant discourse that characterizes the difference between strong and weak. The happiness demand is achieved by the total flow of passions, exploring all the dimensions of the corporal machine that can be happy, under the libertine optics, in the practice of crime. The way how Sade anticipates on treating evil as a component of nature, source of pleasure, also results in the intolerance of the libertine towards the victim. / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as bases teóricas pelas quais o Marquês de Sade edificou sua filosofia, a saber, precisamente, a influência de La Mettrie e Holbach, o que compreende um estudo da natureza e a questão mecânica na composição dos seres, incorrendo a um determinismo fundamental na corrente materialista do século XVIII. Importa compreender de que maneira tomou a tese do homem como máquina e a ideia de uma natureza criadora-destruidora, que lhe permitiu um imoralismo declarado, pautado não somente na natureza mas em um ateísmo militante. As consequências desse percurso incorrem na tese do contra-iluminismo do Marquês de Sade que, homem de seu tempo, edificou uma obra pautada no combate, na denúncia, no discurso dominante que caracteriza a diferença entre fortes e fracos. A exigência de felicidade tem a realização do pleno curso das paixões, explorando todas as dimensões da máquina corporal que pode ser feliz, sob a ótica libertina, na prática do crime. O modo como Sade se antecipa em tratar do mal sendo um componente da natureza, fonte de prazer, resulta também na intolerância do libertino em relação à vítima. / CAPES: BEX 3857/15-8

Orientador: Luiz Roberto Monzani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T01:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pulino_LuciaHelenaCavasinZabotto_D.pdf: 17696011 bytes, checksum: 60f363343f074bbbf741d3fc2f1cbe56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho analisa o pensamento filosófico de Julien Offray de La Mettrie, e apresenta uma interpretação de sua ética. O estudo de L 'Homme-machine, Anti-Séneque, La Volupté e Discours Préliminaire, pennite a identificação das principais idéias de seu pensamento ético, tendo-se como referência o conceito de homme-machine. Faz-se uma análise de Anti-Séneque, ou Discours sur le Bonheur, contrapondo-o a De Vita Beata, de Sêneca. Delineia-se a ética de La Mettrie, com suas múltiplas fonnas de felicidade: a bonheur organique, a volupté, e a bonheur social, todas elas enraizadas, em última instância, na organização fisiológica natural do indivíduo. O conceito de imaginação se revela como o elemento-chave na elaboração da ética do autor. Investiga-se o papel da faculdade da imaginação no processo de transformação da forma original de felicidade, a bonheur organique, nas outras formas, na inserção do ser humano em sociedade, na construção de um mundo simbólico e da linguagem em especial, e no processo de educação do homme-machine. Apresenta-se a ética de La Mettrie e seu papel na vida do indivíduo, como arte de viver, de conseguir ser livre em alguma medida, e, especialmente, a arte de ter prazer e de ser feliz, em uma sociedade cujos governantes seriam orientados pelo médicin-philosophe para acolher seu homme-machine. Oferece-se uma interpretação da ética de La Mettrie que considera o conceito de imaginação como o elemento-chave na elaboração e na compreensão do pensamento ético do médicin-philosophe / Abstract: This work analyses Julien Offray de La Mettrie' s philosophical thought, and presents an interpretation of his ethics. The study of L 'Homme-machine, Anti-Séneque, La Volupté and Discours Préliminaire pennits the identification of the main ideas of his ethical thought, taking his concept of homme-machine as a reference. An analysis of Anti-Séneque, or Discours sur le Bonheur, in opposition to Sêneca' s De Vila Beata is made. La Mettrie' s ethics is outlined, with its multiple fonns ofhappiness : the bonheur organique, the volupté, and the social bonheur, all of them rooted, in a defmitive way, in the individual' s physiological organization. The concept of imagination is revealed as the key element in the elaboration of his ethics. It is investigated the role of the faculty of imagination in the process of turning the original form of happiness, the bonheur organique, into the other forms, in the human being's insertion in society, in the construction of a symbolic world and specially of the language, and in the homme-machine' s process of education. It is presented La Mettrie's ethical thought and his role in the individual's life, as an art of living, an art of getting free in some degree, and, specially, as the art of being happy, in a society whose rulers should be oriented by the médicin-philosophe to receíve his homme-machine. It' s offered an interpretation of La Mettrie' s thought that takes the concept of imagination as the key element, in the elaboration as well as in the comprehension of the médicin-philosophe's ethics / Doutorado / Doutor em Filosofia

Co-tutelle de thèse avec l'École Normale Supérieure de Lyon / Dans cette thèse, j'étudie la réception singulière de la philosophie de Leibniz dans le corpus matérialiste français du 18e siècle. Il s'agit ainsi de repérer, dans les textes de La Mettrie, Diderot, Helvétius et d'Holbach, les éléments (concepts, arguments ou images) leibniziens dont ces auteurs usent de manière à élaborer leur propre doctrine. L'objectif est alors triple : premièrement, comprendre les sources du matérialisme moderne et notamment reconsidérer ses rapports avec la métaphysique du 17e siècle. On montrera ainsi, avec l'exemple particulier du recours à la philosophie de Leibniz, que le matérialisme est moins une doctrine du rejet de la métaphysique classique que de son détournement et de sa subversion. Deuxièmement, montrer l'importance de la figure de Leibniz dans la constitution d'une philosophie dite « radicale », c'est-à-dire nuancer le schéma largement admis actuellement d'une identité entre « radicalité » et « spinozisme ». Enfin, cette étude des usages matérialistes de Leibniz vise, par l'analyse des réceptions, à déterminer des interprétations possibles de la philosophie de Leibniz, ou du moins de certains de ses éléments. Il s'agit ainsi de considérer le devenir historique de la philosophie leibnizienne comme le lieu de la révélation de ses potentialités théoriques. La thèse comporte deux parties. La première analyse les médiations par lesquelles la philosophie de Leibniz est introduite en France au 18e siècle (Wolff, Du Châtelet, Maupertuis). La seconde présente quatre usages de la philosophie leibnizienne repérables chez La Mettrie, Diderot, D'Holbach et Helvétius ainsi que le processus de démembrement que ces auteurs lui font subir. / In this dissertation, I study the unexpected reception of Leibniz's philosophy in the 18th century French materialism. The aim is to identify the leibnizian concepts, arguments or images that are used by La Mettrie, Diderot, d'Holbach and Helvétius to build their own thoughts. Three kinds of results are shown. Firstly, to understand better the origins of French modern materialisme and particularly its relationship to 17th century metaphysics. In this perspective, this stydy shows that materialists do not necessarilyu reject metaphysics but rather use it for their own goals. Secondly, to show the role of Leibniz in the in the elaboration of a so-called radical philosophy, which means to question the common idea that radicalism originates from spinozism. Lastly, by looking at the materialists uses of Leibniz's concepts, it tries to identify new possible interpretations of his philosophy, more precisely to consider the historical reception of leibnizian philosophy as a way to reveal his theoretical potential. This work is divided in two parts : in the first one, it studies the mediations by which Leibniz's philosophy was introduced in France in the 18th century (Wolff, Du Châtelet, Maupertuis). In the second one, it examines four different uses of the leibnizian philosophy, namely, in La Mettrie, Diderot, d'Holbach and Helvétius.