The present thesis is devoted to the homogenization of certain elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations by means of appropriate generalizations of the notion of two-scale convergence. Since homogenization is defined in terms of H-convergence, we desire to find the H-limits of sequences of periodic monotone parabolic operators with two spatial scales and an arbitrary number of temporal scales and the H-limits of sequences of two-dimensional possibly non-periodic linear elliptic operators by utilizing the theories for evolution-multiscale convergence and λ-scale convergence, respectively, which are generalizations of the classical two-scale convergence mode and custom-made to treat homogenization problems of the prescribed kinds. Concerning the multiscaled parabolic problems, we find that the result of the homogenization depends on the behavior of the temporal scale functions. The temporal scale functions considered in the thesis may, in the sense explained in the text, be slow or rapid and in resonance or not in resonance with respect to the spatial scale function. The homogenization for the possibly non-periodic elliptic problems gives the same result as for the corresponding periodic problems but with the exception that the local gradient operator is everywhere substituted by a differential operator consisting of a product of the local gradient operator and matrix describing the geometry and which depends, effectively, parametrically on the global variable.

Les services de communication de nouvelle génération doivent pouvoir coopérer pour répondre à des besoins spécifiques tout en gardant leur autonomie. Ceci nécessite de maîtriser leurs architectures et de partager ces architectures au sein de l'entreprise. Des cadres architecturaux communs sont alors indispensables. Après avoir fait le point des travaux sur ce sujet dans les domaines télécoms, web et IT, et après avoir discuté des enjeux de la convergence des services télécoms, nous introduisons ici quatre angles de vue (métier, fonctionnel, technique et applicatif), ainsi qu'une méthodologie pour construire des vues de référence partagées au sein d'une entreprise et des vues d'architecture propres à chaque service. Nous illustrons cette démarche à l'aide d'exemples et montrons ses applications pour construire des offres de service, pour rationnaliser les services existants et pour réaliser une convergence entre différents services.

Theory of extreme values is very important and it’s use of range is very wide. A lot of research occurrence usually is described with a few measurements (for example, testing pollution of atmosphere, usually consider all superior limits of pollution concentration, not only one war gas maximum concentration) that’s why are analyzing multidimensional extreme values. Herein work we analyze convergence rate of the multidimensional extreme values in the transfer limit theorem. We solve this problem using particular distributions. In this work we will give nonuniform estimate of convergence rate of multidimensional extreme values in the transfer limit theorem.

Herein work is analyzing convergence rate in transfer theorems for extreme values of independent identically distributed random variables. Analyzing various distributions is god nonuniform estimate of convergence rate in transfer theorems. Transfer theorem of density of minima have been proved. Analyzing convergence rate in transfer theorems of density for extreme. Computation was developed using SAS and Mathcad.

In this paper I explore how participatory journalism is changing organizational structure and production practices at the publicly funded Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in Toronto (CBC). Using practical action research I examine two sites of study that offer unique strategies on incorporating everyday citizens into the news production process: the use of citizen bloggers to supplement CBC’s coverage of the G20 summit in Toronto shows how diversifying storytelling improves the overall quality of news content; the mandate of Connect with Mark Kelly to democratize daily news by using ordinary people as sources and breaking traditional rules of production reveals a survival strategy for daily news shows. Through the lens of media logic, using the theories of convergence culture and the public sphere, I develop strategies to involve more citizens in the newsmaking process, thus invigorating public discourse and subverting news production that is designed to entertain instead of inform.

The Generalized Minimal Residual method (GMRES) is often used to solve a nonsymmetric linear system Ax = b. But its convergence analysis is a rather difficult task in general. A commonly used approach is to diagonalize A = XΛX-1 and then separate the study of GMRES convergence behavior into optimizing the condition number of X and a polynomial minimization problem over As spectrum. This artificial separation could greatly overestimate GMRES residuals and likely yields error bounds that are too far from the actual ones. On the other hand, considering the effects of both As spectrum and the conditioning of X at the same time poses a difficult challenge, perhaps impossible to deal with in general but only possible for certain particular linear systems. This thesis will do so for a (nonsymmetric) tridiagonal Toeplitz system. Sharp error bounds on and sometimes exact expressions for residuals are obtained. These expressions and/or bounds are in terms of the three parameters that define A and Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind or the second kind.

We consider weak convergence of a sequence of asset price models (Sn) to a limiting asset price model S. A typical case for this situation is the convergence of a sequence of binomial models to the Black-Scholes model, as studied by Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein. We put emphasis on two different aspects of this convergence: firstly we consider convergence with respect to the given "physical" probability measures (Pn) and secondly with respect to the "risk-neutral" measures (Qn) for the asset price processes (Sn). (In the case of non-uniqueness of the risk-neutral measures also the question of the "good choice" of (Qn) arises.) In particular we investigate under which conditions the weak convergence of (Pn) to P implies the weak convergence of (Qn) to Q and thus the convergence of prices of derivative securities. The main theorem of the present paper exhibits an intimate relation of this question with contiguity properties of the sequences of measures (Pn) with respect to (Qn) which in turn is closely connected to asymptotic arbitrage properties of the sequence (Sn) of security price processes. We illustrate these results with general homogeneous binomial and some special trinomial models. (author's abstract) / Series: Report Series SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de certaines questions de convergence et de récurrence multiples en théorie ergodique. Nous distinguons les systèmes munis d'une transformation et ceux munis de plusieurs transformations qui commutent. Dans les premiers, le mécanisme de facteurs caractéristiques et les nilsystèmes jouent un rôle important dans l'étude de convergence et de récurrence multiples. À l'aide de ces outils, nous étendons les résultats sur la convergence de moyennes ergodiquesmultiples pondérées de Host et Kra pour le cas linéaire au cas polynômial. En conséquence, nous montrons que pour toute fonction $f$ mesurable bornée sur un système ergodique, la suite $(f(T^n x))$ est universellement bonne pour presque tout $x$. Quand il y a plusieurs transformations qui commutent, à l'aide de la machinerie des systèmes magiques introduite récemment par Host et développée dans cette thèse, nous étendons les résultats sur la convergence de moyennes ergodiques multiples sur les cubes de Host et Kra avec une transformation à plusieurs transformations qui commutent. Nous obtenons aussi un résultat de récurrence multiple quantitatif pour deux transformations qui commutent, similaire en faveur du cas d'une transformation établi par Bergelson, Host et Kra

This study has been performed as a pilot study for a project regarding the meridional migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and its relationship with lightning activity in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). Objectives of this study were to analyze and improve lightning data to be used for such a study and to decide on a method and proper time scale of data analysis and ITCZ index development for this study. Exploratory data analysis has been practiced with World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) data and ITCZ index data. Results suggest that the most beneficial time-scale to be used for the above study is 15 days and that ITCZ estimations can be obtained via the use of precipitation index and cloud top temperature. Lightning data originated from atmospheric systems not associated with the ITCZ has been analyzed. This report proposes that Uppsala University should become part of the World Wide Lightning Location Network, enabling further work regarding this and similar projects.

This dissertation investigates the determinants of China's exports and regional economic growth, the direction of causality between foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports; and convergence analysis among Chinese provinces. The study firstly discusses the evolutional process of China's foreign trade regime through comparing the strategies and policies before 1978 with those after 1978. It is emphasised that the export-promotion development policies result in the recent basic export patterns and characteristics. Furthermore, the study reviews the existing literature on exports, FDI, and convergence/growth determinants in the case of China. The empirical work comprises three parts. Firstly, fixed-effects ordinary least squares (OLS) and random-effects generalised least squares (GLS) panel data estimators are applied to test the determinants of provincial exports from 1994 to 2003. It is found that FDI, geographical location, investment in manufacturing innovation, and human capital have significant influences on regional export performance. Secondly, the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests are carried out to test stationarity and the Granger causality tests are conducted to test the causal direction between FDI and exports, based on monthly national data from January, 2002 to June, 2006. The empirical results indicate that there is a one-way complementary causal link from FDI inflows to China's export flows. Thirdly, three methods, beta convergence, sigma convergence, and Markov Chain analysis, are used to do convergence debate among China's regions and the standard OLS cross-section and random-effects GLS panel data are applied to test the conditional convergence. The results suggest that the convergence hypothesis does not hold in China between 1994 and 2003 and there is a sign of conditional convergence, conditioning the explanatory variables such as exports, human capital, and population growth. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Economics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.