No cenário atual, as indústrias que desejarem manter-se competitivas deverão investir em inovação além dos produtos tangíveis, investindo também em serviços e experiências para os usuários. Para isto, tais empresas deverão aprimorar seus processos de desenvolvimento, fazendo uso de ferramentas e métodos orientados à inovação, transformando-a em um processo sistemático. Entretanto, existe ainda uma divergência entre as metodologias ensinadas na academia e a prática industrial, tornando o desenvolvimento estruturado a partir de métodos uma atividade pouco utilizada dentro das empresas. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa buscou estabelecer fatores de convergência entre a teoria e a prática na implementação de métodos de design voltados à inovação. O estudo faz parte de um projeto que visa propor diretrizes para aumentar a competitividade da indústria por meio da inovação em design, desenvolvido dentro de empresas brasileiras desenvolvedoras de produtos. A estratégia da pesquisa consistiu na implementação de métodos nos setores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de produto a partir de diretrizes propostas na literatura, bem como na sua posterior avaliação, a fim de estudar os fatores que propiciam a incorporação de uma rotina de desenvolvimento estruturado nas empresas. Além da implementação, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, entrevistas, questionários e grupos focais para a consecução dos objetivos propostos. Ao fim da pesquisa apresentou-se um conjunto de fatores para facilitar a utilização de métodos de design que favoreçam a criação de sistema-produtos inovadores. / In the present scenario, the industries that wish to remain competitive must invest in innovation beyond the tangible products also investing in services and user experiences. To achieve this, these companies should improve their development processes, using tools and methods oriented to innovation, transforming it into a systematic process. However, there is still a discrepancy between the methodologies taught in academia and industry practice, making the development structured by methods a uncommon use within companies. In this context, this research sought to establish convergence factors between theory and practice in the implementation of design methods focused on innovation. The study is part of a project to propose guidelines for increasing the competitiveness of industry through innovation in design, developed in product developers Brazilian companies. The research strategy consisted in the implementation of design methods based on guidelines proposed in the literature in the sectors related to product development, as well as their subsequent evaluation in order to study the factors that favor the incorporation of a structured routine development in companies. In addition to implementation, were conducted literature searches, interviews, questionnaires and focus groups to achieve the proposed objectives. At the end of the research were presented a set of factors used to facilitate the design methods which favor the creation of innovative system-products.

SILVA, Naiana Rodrigues da. O homem atrás da máquina: um estudo de caso sobre a reconstrução da identidade do jornalista de impresso diante do uso das novas mídias. 2011. 278f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação Social, Fortaleza (CE), 2011. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-04-01T17:22:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011-DIS-NRSILVA.pdf: 14301327 bytes, checksum: 81fd742a9cc317656a49adcea8423426 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-04-01T17:23:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011-DIS-NRSILVA.pdf: 14301327 bytes, checksum: 81fd742a9cc317656a49adcea8423426 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-01T17:23:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011-DIS-NRSILVA.pdf: 14301327 bytes, checksum: 81fd742a9cc317656a49adcea8423426 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Our research investigated in which way newspaper’s journalists identity is influenced by the use of new media on their jobs at the newsroom. For this, we evaluated how the use of smartphone as work tools triggered conflicts and tensions among reporters from Diário do Nordeste who started questioning their own identity as newspaper’s journalists. The choice of Diário as the object of this analysis can be explained by the fact that the newspaper ¬– the second in circulation in the northeast of Brazil – is one of the first in the local scenario to implement journalistic convergence strategies. We adopted as the delimitation of the research the case study of what Diário do Nordeste identifies as multimedia practice. Using data collection techniques, as the empirical observation and depth interviews, was possible to comprehend how the production of multimedia content generated the construction of a whole new habitus at Diário’s newsroom, marked by the development of journalist’s new cognitive competences. We also investigated how the transformations descendant from multimediatic production influenced the relation of force and power in the newsroom. Starting from the hypothesis that the journalists which defines themselves as multimedia are in dominance, we initiated the analysis of conflicts and tensions established on the daily routine of these professionals. From theorical point of view, we discussed identity concept, modernity consequences, we also did a communication theories revision and of its relations with discussion about the presence of technology in contemporaneity and yet reflected about mediatic and journalistic convergence, using the ideas from authors like Henry Jenkins (2008), Salaverría e Negredo (2008), Esther Applegren (2005) and Rosely Fragoso (2006). In the end, we presented how Diário do Nordeste’s journalists define themselves, if as newspapers journalists or multimedia ones and reflected about the new professional shape designed on labour market, marked by the knowledge, practice and paginal functions and on-line journalism related functions convergence. / Nossa pesquisa investigou em que medida a identidade do jornalista de impresso é influenciada pelo uso de novas mídias na rotina de trabalho na redação. Para tal, avaliamos como o uso de um celular multifuncional como ferramenta de trabalho desencadeou conflitos e tensões entre os repórteres do jornal cearense Diário do Nordeste a ponto destes questionarem sua própria identidade enquanto jornalistas de impresso. A escolha do Diário como objeto de análise se justifica pelo fato de o jornal – o segundo maior em circulação no Nordeste brasileiro – ser um dos primeiros no cenário local a implementar estratégias de convergência jornalística. Adotamos como delineamento de pesquisa o estudo de caso da prática identificada pelo Diário do Nordeste como multimídia. Por meio de técnicas de coleta de dados, como a observação empírica e entrevistas em profundidade, foi possível compreender como o exercício da produção de conteúdos multimídia desencadeou a construção de um novo habitus na redação do Diário do Nordeste, marcado pelo desenvolvimento de novas competências cognitivas por parte dos jornalistas. Investigamos também em que medida as transformações provenientes com a produção multimidiática influenciou as relações de força e poder presentes no espaço social da redação. Tomando como ponto de partida a hipótese de que os jornalistas que se definem como multimídia ocupam a posição de dominantes, partimos para a análise dos conflitos e tensões instaurados no cotidiano desses profissionais. Do ponto de vista teórico, discutimos o conceito de identidade, as consequências da modernidade, fizemos uma revisão de correntes teóricas da comunicação e de suas relações com discussões em torno da presença da tecnologia na contemporaneidade e ainda articulamos reflexões de autores como Henry Jenkins (2008), Salaverría e Negredo (2008), Esther Applegren (2005) e Rosely Fragoso (2006) sobre a convergência midiática e jornalística. Ao final, apresentamos como os jornalistas do Diário do Nordeste se definem, se como jornalistas de impresso ou jornalistas multimídia e refletimos sobre um novo perfil de profissional delineado no mercado de trabalho, marcado pela convergência de saberes, práticas e funções relativas ao impresso e ao jornalismo on-line.

Cette thèse se compose de trois parties indépendantes, toutes en rapport avec les lois et processus stables. Dans un premier temps, nous établissons des théorèmes de convergence (principe d'invariance) vers des processus stables. Les objets considérés sont des fonctionnelles additives de carrés non intégrables d'une chaîne de Markov à temps discret. L'approche envisagée repose sur l'utilisation des coefficients de mélange pour les chaînes de Markov. Dans un second temps, nous obtenons des vitesses de convergence vers des lois stables dans le théorème central limite généralisé à l'aide des propriétés de la distance idéale de Zolotarev. La dernière partie est consacrée à l'étude des ordres stochastiques convexes ou inégalités de comparaison convexe entre des intégrales stochastiques dirigées par des processus stables. L'idée principale sur laquelle reposent les résultats consiste à adapter au contexte stable le calcul stochastique forward-backward. / This PhD Thesis is composed of three independent parts about stable laws and processes. In the first part, we establish convergence theorems (invariance principle) to stable processes, for additive functionals of a discrete time Markov chain that are not assumed to be square-integrable. The method is based on the use of mixing coefficients for Markov chains. In the second part, we obtain some rates of convergence to stable laws in the generalized central limit theorem by means of the Zolotarev ideal probability metric. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the study of convex ordering or convex comparison inequalities between stochastic integrals driven by stable processes. The main idea of our results is based on the forward-backward stochastic calculus for the stable case.

La convergence des politiques macroéconomiques est aujourd’hui, dans un contexte de récession durable, au centre des débats, dans les pays européens, principaux bailleurs de fonds des pays de l’UEMOA. Elle provoque une incohérence dérangeante dans les pays de cette zone monétaire qui, pour des raisons historiques, ont adopté comme monnaie d’ancrage l’euro et recherche une croissance forte et durable. Cette thèse propose une réflexion approfondie sur la relation entre le respect des critères de convergence et la croissance économique, en UEMOA. Nous avons, dans une première partie, étudié cette convergence tout en mettant en évidence les obstacles à l’enchainement vertueux entre cette dernière et la croissance économique. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons recherché les solutions susceptibles d’améliorer la capacité des pays à converger et à accélérer leur croissance. Nous concluons qu’il faut desserrer les contraintes monétaires et budgétaires et accompagner ces mesures par la mise en œuvre d’une solidarité inter-pays/inter-autorités. Leur efficacité peut être accrue par une extension de l’espace économique, commençant par un pôle de convergence, et la prise en charge communautaire de la stabilité sociale. / The convergence of macroeconomic policies is now in a recession lasting, at the center of debate in European countries, the main funders of WAEMU countries. It causes a disturbing inconsistency in the countries of the monetary zone which, for historical reasons, have adopted as an anchor currency the euro, hoping for a strong and sustainable growth. This thesis proposes a reflection on the relationship between the criteria of convergence and economic growth in WAEMU. We, in the first part, investigated this convergence while highlighting the obstacles to the virtuous sequence between the latter and economic growth. In the second part, we sought solutions to improve the capacity of countries to converge and accelerate their growth. We conclude that the relaxation of monetary and fiscal constraints may be accompanied by inter-country or inter-authorities solidarity. Efficiency can be increased by extending the economic space, starting with a cluster convergence and community care social stability.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo testar a hipótese da convergência de renda entre os estados e municípios brasileiros entre os anos de 1999 e 2013. Para avaliar os dados é empregado instrumental exposto em Tirado et al. (2015), no qual encontra-se análises de modalidade, mobilidade e agrupamento espacial. Os resultados apontam para a persistência das diferenças regionais tanto entre os estados, quanto entre os municípios, consequentemente não estaria ocorrendo um movimento de convergência. Foi constatado uma elevação da mobilidade de classes de renda entre 1999 e 2002, porém tal acréscimo não se manteve nos anos seguintes. Em relação ao agrupamento espacial, este mostrou-se relevante apenas para os estados. / This work aims to test the income convergence hypothesis among Brazilian states and counties from 1999 to 2013. For assessing the data was used the instrumental presented in Tirado et al. (2015), in which finds modality, mobility and spatial clustering analysis. The results indicate for persistence in regional differences among states as well as among counties, thereafter it would not be occurring a convergence movement. It was found a mobility elevation among income classes from 1999 to 2002, however this increase did not mantain to the following years. Concerning to spatial clustering, this was relevant only for the states.

This master thesis is about tax quota and its change in the states of European Union. The practical part starts with display of the tax quota in the states of EU and its changes after 20 years, there is a comparison of the tax quota in 1995 and 2015. In these years, there is also performed the cluster analysis in the programme STATISTICA 12. The cluster analysis consists of four variables (partial tax quota): indirect taxes, personal income taxes, corporate income taxes, social contributions. The aim of this analysis is to find groups of states with a similar development of the tax quota. Then follows the convergence analysis, which says that tax systems of the states in EU are gradually approaching each other. The last topic in this thesis is a comparison of the average values EU of the development tax quota with development of the total tax revenues and the GDP. The very similar and unstable development of the two last mentioned indicators are ensuring a relatively stable value of the tax quota over time.

abstract: RF convergence of radar and communications users is rapidly becoming an issue for a multitude of stakeholders. To hedge against growing spectral congestion, research into cooperative radar and communications systems has been identified as a critical necessity for the United States and other countries. Further, the joint sensing-communicating paradigm appears imminent in several technological domains. In the pursuit of co-designing radar and communications systems that work cooperatively and benefit from each other's existence, joint radar-communications metrics are defined and bounded as a measure of performance. Estimation rate is introduced, a novel measure of radar estimation information as a function of time. Complementary to communications data rate, the two systems can now be compared on the same scale. An information-centric approach has a number of advantages, defining precisely what is gained through radar illumination and serves as a measure of spectral efficiency. Bounding radar estimation rate and communications data rate jointly, systems can be designed as a joint optimization problem. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2017

Le travail présenté dans cette thèse est basé sur l’étude d’un phénomène appelé convergence phonétique qui postule que deux interlocuteurs en interaction vont avoir tendance à adapter leur façon de parler à leur interlocuteur dans un but communicatif. Nous avons donc mis en place un paradigme appelé « Dominos verbaux » afin de collecter un corpus large pour caractériser ce phénomène, le but final étant de doter un agent conversationnel animé de cette capacité d’adaptation afin d’améliorer la qualité des interactions homme-machine.Nous avons mené différentes études pour étudier le phénomène entre des paires d’inconnus, d’amis de longue date, puis entre des personnes provenant de la même famille. On s’attend à ce que l’amplitude de la convergence soit liée à la distance sociale entre les deux interlocuteurs. On retrouve bien ce résultat. Nous avons ensuite étudié l’impact de la connaissance de la cible linguistique sur l’adaptation. Pour caractériser la convergence phonétique, nous avons développé deux méthodes : la première basée sur une analyse discriminante linéaire entre les coefficients MFCC de chaque locuteur, la seconde utilisant la reconnaissance de parole. La dernière méthode nous permettra par la suite d’étudier le phénomène en condition moins contrôlée.Finalement, nous avons caractérisé la convergence phonétique à l’aide d’une mesure subjective en utilisant un nouveau test de perception basé sur la détection « en ligne » d’un changement de locuteur. Le test a été réalisé à l’aide signaux extraits des interactions mais également avec des signaux obtenus avec une synthèse adaptative basé sur la modélisation HNM. Nous avons obtenus des résultats comparables démontrant ainsi la qualité de notre synthèse adaptative. / The work presented in this manuscript is based on the study of a phenomenon called phonetic convergence which postulates that two people in interaction will tend to adapt how they talk to their partner in a communicative purpose. We have developed a paradigm called “Verbal Dominoes“ to collect a large corpus to characterize this phenomenon, the ultimate goal being to fill a conversational agent of this adaptability in order to improve the quality of human-machine interactions.We have done several studies to investigate the phenomenon between pairs of unknown people, good friends, and between people coming from the same family. We expect that the amplitude of convergence is proportional to the social distance between the two speakers. We found this result. Then, we have studied the knowledge of the linguistic target impact on adaptation. To characterize the phonetic convergence, we have developed two methods: the first one is based on a linear discriminant analysis between the MFCC coefficients of each speaker and the second one used speech recognition techniques. The last method will allow us to study the phenomenon in less controlled conditions.Finally, we characterized the phonetic convergence with a subjective measurement using a new perceptual test called speaker switching. The test was performed using signals coming from real interactions but also with synthetic data obtained with the harmonic plus

This study examines how photographic material has been classified and contextualized on the digitization platforms of the major Swedish memory institutions – the National Library of Sweden, the National Archives of Sweden, and the Nordic Museum. Combined with a series of interviews with digitization practitioners at these institutions, the paper examines the cultural-historical approach to defining the concept “photography” and classifying digitized photographs, as well as how photographic material is treated similarly to or differently from other kinds of material housed at these institutions. These results of this question are used to examine the likelihood that, driven by similarities in digitization practices, significant differences between Swedish libraries, archives, and museums are disappearing.

Nesta dissertação estudamos uma versão do Teorema de Trotter-Kato que estabelece uma equivalência entre a continuidade, relativamente a um parâmetro, de operadores resolvente e a continuidade dos semigrupos lineares associados. Os operadores ilimitados envolvidos (geradores de semigrupos analíticos) estão definidos em espaços que variam com o parâmetro e isto nos leva a ter que comparar elementos de espaços de Banach diferentes. Este resultado é aplicado a um problema de Neumann em um domínio fino com fronteira altamente oscilante e que se degenera a um intervalo quando o parâmetro varia. Nesta aplicação, utilizamos o método das múltiplas escalas (comum em teoria de homogeneização) para obter formalmente o problema limite (veja [17]) e, em seguida, provamos a convergência compacta dos operadores resolventes utilizando as funções teste oscilantes de Tartar [15], [16] (veja também Cioranescu e Saint Jean Paulin [12]), obtidas através de um problema auxiliar, juntamente com operadores de extensão / In this work we study a version of Trotter-Katos Theorem that establishes an equivalence between the continuity, with respect to a parameter, of the resolvent operators and the continuity of the associated linear semigroups. The unbounded operators involved (generators of analytic semigroups) are defined spaces that vary with the parameter leading us to introduce methods to compare vectors in different Banach spaces. We apply this theorem to an elliptic boundary value problem with Neumann boundary condition in a highly oscillating thin domain that degenerates to a line segment as the parameter varies. In this application we use the multiple scale method (frequently used in the homogenization theory) to obtain, formally, the limiting problem (see [17]) and, in the sequel, we prove the compact convergence of resolvent operators using the oscillating test functions of Tartar [15] (see also [16] and Cioranescu and Saint Jean Paulin [12]) defined with the aid of an auxiliary problem as well as extension operators