People tell jokes in order to amuse and produce laughter. It is possible to represent laughter in the cyberspace discourse by writing how it sounds or by using a representation of a facial expression formed by various combinations of keyboard characters called emoticon. Jokes are appreciated by both men and women in our society but is there any difference between the way they represent laughter in the cyberspace discourse? In this research, we use the qualitative and quantitative method. First, we analyze the mechanism of linguistic construction of five jokes and their types and techniques based on Freud’s theory about this subject. Then we present the reactions produced by the jokes found in a social network and focus in the written representation of the laughter. The results show us that more women than men react to the jokes by writing a comment. The most popular laughter used by both men and women in a Spanish social network is "jajajaja" and the emoticon "XD". We have also found that people use the international laughter "hahahaha" and more women than men use "jejeje" to represent laughter in the same network. Although each individual has a laughter style, the way people represent the laughter graphically in the cyberspace discourse is almost the same between men and women but it differs in the way they use them as a reaction to the type and technique of the joke.

In this thesis I present prose works of contemporary Japanese women writers, who made their debut at the beginning of the 21st century. For a better understanding of the transition that a position of Japanese women and women authors has gone through - and how it prepared the way for their successors, I provide a summary of women's literature of the last two decades. To make the context clear, I also included an outline of significant changes within the realm of women's rights and the image of the role of women in society. Presentation of themes, that contemporary women writers focus on in their works and that reflect recent trends in modern Japanese society, follows. I also analyze aspects of language that are shared in works of young women writers. Lastly, considering the diverse range of critical reception of contemporary Japanese women writers, I would like to think about the future of Japanese modern literature. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

ITC/USA 2009 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fifth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2009 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / NASA's Remote Imaging System Acquisition (RISA) project has the goal of producing a single robust and space-efficient imaging system. This paper will show the progress of the current RISA project iteration, tasked with implementing a Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C) communications controller on a radiation hardened Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), characterizing a liquid lens optical system, and adding a radiation hardened temperature sensor. The optical design focuses on small liquid lenses that can vary focal length with no moving parts. The chosen designs will allow this camera system to meet critical mission objectives and provide reliable service to NASA's astronauts.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Literatura. / Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal explicar algunos de los procedimientos cómicos utilizados en los tres primeros cantos de Los cantos de Maldoror , texto escrito por Isidore Ducasse bajo el seudónimo del Conde de Lautréamont, que fue publicado por primera vez en forma íntegra el año 1869 en Francia.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-30T13:33:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Ana Rita Ferraz.pdf: 1273576 bytes, checksum: 8870f9e596e4e74577281b66e8d5df6a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-06-11T18:44:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Ana Rita Ferraz.pdf: 1273576 bytes, checksum: 8870f9e596e4e74577281b66e8d5df6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-11T18:44:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Ana Rita Ferraz.pdf: 1273576 bytes, checksum: 8870f9e596e4e74577281b66e8d5df6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Pesquisa teórica, de cunho filosófico-educacional, discute o projeto pedagógico do professor Carlos Roberto Petrovich (1936-2005) e suas possíveis ressonâncias com o riso e a arte bufa de François Rabelais, estudado por Mikhail Bakhtin. Petrovich foi aluno da primeira turma da Escola de Teatro da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), e tornou-se depois professor. Nos anos imediatamente anteriores à sua morte, foi suspenso Ogan de Ogum, Terreiro Ilê Axé Opô Afonjá, Salvador-Bahia. Como não há registro sistematizado das suas experiências, este trabalho converteu-se numa tentativa de preservar a memória daquele que defendeu vigorosamente os povos silenciados. Pensar o homem e o mundo na perspectiva de Petrovich ensejou, necessariamente, o trânsito pela educação, pela cultura, pela arte e pela religião afrobrasileira. A preferência por resgatar a intensidade da sua vida através de personagens que representou no teatro e no cinema, trabalhos nos quais atuou como diretor e como arte-educador, todos de grande relevância para compreender sua verve poético-dramática e suas idéias de educação, resultou num texto que incorpora livremente figuras de estilo e adota o sentido do mosaico como premissa para construção do seu perfil biográfico. Sustenta, assim, a existência de um projeto petrovichiano, como percurso formativo guiado pelo imperativo de "ser o que se é", lema de Píndaro. Esta pesquisa apoiou-se no método alegórico e na filosofia da história de Walter Benjamin, tomando a vida de Petrovich como ruína e ressignificando-a a partir das narrativas daqueles que com ele conviveram. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas, gravadas, além de falas do próprio Petrovich. O projeto pedagógico deste professor instiga ao resgate da historicidade, da ambivalência, da corporeidade, da quebra de hierarquias, características do riso rabelaisiano, promovendo a restauração do educar a partir de uma estética que incorpora a arte, a filosofia, a literatura e a mitologia como possibilida- des de libertação do sujeito para empreender sua viagem na direção de "ser o que é". / Salvador

Licenciado en artes mención en teoría e historia del arte / Esta investigación se centra en el concepto de humor negro y los problemas en torno a su definición. Para ello se realizará una aproximación al concepto de humor, desde su origen en la antigua medicina Griega y su desarrollo hacia lo que entendemos hoy en día, así como también desde las principales ideas en Occidente respecto a la risa y, en general, una perspectiva cómica de la vida. Un recorrido que lleva por parte importante del saber occidental, desde distintas áreas, aunque con un claro énfasis estético.

Le microbiote pulmonaire complexe de patients atteints de mucoviscidose (MV) peut être modifié par des facteurs de l'hôte (état clinique), xénobiotiques (antibiothérapie, habitat) ainsi que bactériens (pathogènes, commensaux). Notre étude a porté sur ces facteurs bactériens et plus particulièrement sur l'effet de Pseudomonas aeruginosa sur la structuration des microbiotes MV. Le but de notre travail a été d'étudier la structure et la composition des microbiotes pulmonaires chez des patients MV en fonction de la présence ou non de P. aeruginosa, ainsi que l'effet de ces microbiotes sur ce pathogène. Différentes approches nous ont permis de mettre en évidence ces résultats : i) certains genres bactérien (Stenotrophomonas, Prevotella) contenus dans un microbiote particulier plus pauvre et moins diverse sont associés préférentiellement à la présence de P. aeruginosa, ii) aucune diminution de richesse et de diversité n'est observée en amont d'une primo-colonisation par P. aeruginosa mais celle-ci entraine ultérieurement une diminution de richesse du microbiote, iii) le microbiote MV in vitro s'appauvrit et diminue en diversité plus rapidement lors d'une colonisation par une souche ayant un phénotype de « primo-colonisation », iv) les souches de primo-colonisation sont plus virulentes que les souches issues de colonisation chronique, v) ces souches sécrètent des molécules appartenant à la famille des 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (HAQs) bactéricides vis-à-vis de S. aureus. Une meilleure compréhension de cette modulation des microbiotes MV par P. aeruginosa offriraient de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques afin notamment de contrer l'implantation de ce pathogène au niveau pulmonaire et de limiter le développement d'infections chroniques chez les patients MV / Cystic fibrosis microbiota could be modified by different factors such as host factor (clinical state), xenobiotic factor (antibiotic, environment) or bacterial factors (pathogen, commensal). Our study focused on bacterial factors and more particularly on the impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the CF microbiota structure. The objectives were to study the structure and the composition of CF microbiota whether the presence or not of P. aeruginosa and the impact of the CF microbiota on this pathogen. Different experimentations were used to get results : i) bacterial genus (Stenotrophomonas, Prevotella) were preferentially associated with P. aeruginosa in a poor and no diverse microbiota, ii) no previous decrease of microbiota richness was observed when the initial P. aeruginosa pulmonary colonization took place but this event was associated with a later decrease of microbiota richness, iii) In vitro model of CF microbiota showed a more important richness and diversity decrease with early colonization strains, iv) early colonization strains were more virulent than chronic colonization strains, v) these strains secreted bactericid molecules toward Staaphylococcus aureus belonging to 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (HAQs). Improve our understanding on how P. aeruginosa could modulate CF microbiota could permit to find new therapeutic strategies to prevent the early colonization and then to limit the chronic infections in CF patients

The field slug Deroceras reticulatum is a major pest in UK agriculture and amidst growing concern and regulatory pressures surrounding chemical molluscicides, innovation is required to advance the current repertoire of slug controls. This study set out to investigate the bacteria associated with D. reticulatum to assess their importance to the slug and potential as a target for biological control. Slug gut bacterial isolates identified using the phenotypical API system (BioMérieux) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were mainly soil-dwelling organisms of the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteriodetes some of which may be important in human or plant disease. A ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) was developed to study microbial communities in the slug gut. Slugs had an average species richness of 12 and comparing the bacterial communities in slugs from different locations yielded a mean similarity of 0.159 (Jaccard index) which was significantly lower than similarity indices of slugs collected within a single location (Mean Jaccard index 0.205, p<0.001, ANOVA). Cloning and sequencing of RISA bands common to slugs and slug eggs, but absent from the surrounding soil and plants identified bacteria for future investigation as potential beneficial symbionts. Bacteria extracted from the slug gut were tested for sensitivity to 16 antibiotics and greatest inhibition of growth was observed for chloramphenicol, gentamicin and tetracycline. These antibiotics administered to slugs by feeding and injection caused a reduction in gut-associated bacteria in plate counts, and in bacterial 16S rDNA quantities estimated by real-time quantitative PCR. Field collected D. reticulatum has a large transient gut bacterial population which is reduced upon starvation to a low background level. No significant detrimental effect of antibiotic treatment on the fitness and survival of the slugs was seen, in some instances control slugs suffered greater mortality than slugs that had been injected with antibiotic. Slugs that died during bioassays had a significantly greater amount of bacterial 16S rDNA in their gut than slugs that were sacrificed as healthy individuals suggesting the presence of a bacterial pathogen. This study has found little evidence that a bacterial symbiont may exist and be important for optimal fitness and survival of D. reticulatum, but insight into slug associated bacteria will be valuable in the direction of future studies in this field.

En este trabajo se intenta visualizar el olvido exhibido en “El Palacio de la Risa” de Germán Marín, como un “olvido conciente” para evitar la necesidad de crear una política cultural de la memoria histórica. Se constata que el olvido (individual-social, ficcional-histórico), es un motivo literario que constituye una parte importante en la estructura del narrador del relato, pues para superarlo realiza una búsqueda que (re)construya los hechos y permita su adecuada comprensión. Los objetivos que se persiguen son: abordar el tratamiento de la memoria y el olvido desde la perspectiva de un narrador personal que trata de explicar(se) ambos. Analizar la narración para desprender una visión y crítica al tratamiento de dichos motivos y sugerir al relato como una figuración de la memoria-olvido en la sociedad chilena. Intentar explicar la generación de una literatura de este tipo, propia de los 80’s. Evidenciar que este tipo de producciones asume las funciones de crear memoria, cuestionar los discursos de memoria construídos por el poder y crear una cultura que reconozca los hechos históricos. Explicar los mecanismos de sustitución del recuerdo usados por el Chile post-dictatorial, para visualizarlos en la narración como reflejo del todo social.

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo analizar la poética de la memoria traumática desarrollada en El palacio de la risa (1995) del escritor chileno Germán Marín. Esto se desprenderá a partir de la observación del proceso de (re)construcción identitaria del sujeto testimonial (sujeto de la enunciación), quien se decide, mediante el interés de resolver un conflicto personal, a elaborar un relato coherente en torno al paradero de su ex amante Mónica y a lo que ha acontecido en su país durante su exilio. Esta reconstrucción ocurre a medida que el narrador relata su experiencia en relación a la legendaria mansión aristocrática de Peñalolén, conocida por nosotros como Villa Grimaldi, que, continuando un curioso itinerario, culmina siendo un museo del horror descomunal del que fue víctima nuestro país en su pasado reciente.