The rapid advancement of web and mobile application technologies has recently posed numerous challenges to the Software Engineering community, including how to cost-effectively test applications that have complex event spaces. Many software testing techniques attempt to cost-effectively improve the quality of such software. This dissertation primarily focuses on that of hybrid test suite prioritization. The techniques utilize two or more criteria to perform test suite prioritization as it is often insufficient to use only a single criterion. The dissertation consists of the following contributions: (1) a weighted test suite prioritization technique that employs the distance between criteria as a weighting factor, (2) a coarse-to-fine grained test suite prioritization technique that uses a multilevel approach to increase the granularity of the criteria at each subsequent iteration, (3) the Caret-HM tool for Android user session-based testing that allows testers to record, replay, and create heat maps from user interactions with Android applications via a web browser, and (4) Android user session-based test suite prioritization techniques that utilize heuristics developed from user sessions created by Caret-HM. Each of the chapters empirically evaluate the respective techniques. The proposed techniques generally show improved or equally good performance when compared to the baselines, depending on an application under test. Further, this dissertation provides guidance to testers as it relates to the use of the proposed hybrid techniques.

Context: Testing is an important activity in software development and is typically estimated to account for nearly half of the efforts in the software development cycle. This puts a great demand on improving the artifacts involved in this task such as the test cases and test suites (a collection of test cases).  Objective: When executing test programs, it is typical to record runtime information associated with the test cases in the form of test execution logs or traces. The aim of this work is to explore how this information can be utilized to improve the software testing process. To this end, two main aspects are investigated which are (1) in the context of test case generation and (2) in the context of different optimizations regarding existing test suites. Furthermore, the role of the logs regarding fault localization in connection with improving the existing test suites is investigated. Method: A systematic literature review is conducted to investigate, identify and analyze the existing literature on test case generation and test suite optimization that utilizes the test execution logs. Results: After a rigorous search in six digital databases, 26 primary studies were identified. 5 of the selected papers propose approaches in the context of test data generation, 8 papers suggest test case prioritization (TCP) techniques, 4 papers discuss approaches in test case selection (TCS), and 5 papers propose approaches in test suite minimization (TSM). Furthermore, we identified, 3 papers that discuss fault localization, and one paper that discussed the decomposition of large test cases into smaller single purpose test cases using the logs from previous test executions. Conclusion: The test execution logs are a useful source of information for different testing activities. Regarding test case generation, the main theme observed is the use of genetic algorithms in attempting to generate appropriate test cases when the alternative might have been to use random test data generation methods. When it comes to improving existing test suites several approaches within TCP, TCS and TSM such as similarity-based, modification-based, cluster-based, and search-based were put forward by the authors of the selected primary studies. Furthermore, several fault localization techniques using the logs were suggested.

The demands on heavy duty vehicles is constantly raising with government legislations on CO2 emissions becoming stricter and increasing customer demands. A continuous search for new methods and tools is a crucial element in finding more performance and lower emissions, which are prerequisites for heavy duty vehicles of the future. This thesis is conducted at Scania CV AB and aims at proposing a co-simulation setup which implements the engine management system, EMS, for turbocharger control, into engine simulation models that the company uses to simulate the behaviour of their combustion engines. The EMS software for turbocharger control is modelled in a MATLAB Simulink model and the engine simulation model is modelled in GT-SUITE. The thesis is also suggesting improvements to a turbine model that is modelled within the given EMS software. The results suggest a co-simulation setup that enables the engine simulation models to utilize the EMS software for turbocharger control which thereby enhances their ability to predict engine behaviour. The setup can also be used as a tool during the development process for other part of the EMS and could ease the need for physical engine tests in test cell. The suggested improvements to the turbine model revolves around building a model capturing the aspects of a so called twin scroll turbine and also to implement a better estimation of the turbine efficiency. The improvements to the turbine model ultimately leads to improving the response behaviour of the EMS turbocharger control system.

The deployment of electric vehicles has speeded up during the past ten years. As heavy-duty trucks are a significant source of GHG emissions, electrification is an encouraging way to lead to sustainability beyond doubt. However, some constraints regarding electric vehicles have emerged. Range extension is a primary challenge of the development of electric vehicles, where thermal conditioning systems can have a considerable impact. Some researches have been done on electric passenger vehicles. However, studies regarding the energy consumption for the thermal conditioning system of heavy-duty electric vehicles are scarcely provided.This study therefore focuses on estimating the energy consumption for the auxiliary heating/cooling and studying the influence of the ambient temperature, vehicle velocity, payload, and driving cycles. A designed integrated thermal conditioning system model was constructed in GT-SUITE, with three subsystems to provide thermal comfort for the truck cabin, meet the operative temperature for battery packs and condition the power electronics and the electric machine. Calibrations were done and yielded acceptable relative errors less than 10%, regarding the cabin and battery heaters.The study shows that the thermal conditioning system consumes the most energy during extremely cold weather, reaching up to 10 kW when the ambient temperature is lower than -20℃. Moreover, the energy consumption during heating/cooling will increase if the vehicle velocity increases. However, it remains stable during mild weather. Payload has different impacts on the energy consumption for heating and cooling. As higher payload results in higher waste heat from the electric machine and batteries, it alleviates the heating while burdens the cooling. Four different driving cycles were simulated, and the result reveals that despite the cycle with the lowest average speed has the highest energy consumption/km, however has the lowest average power.

Automated test generation for Andriod apps with reinforcement learning algorithms often produce test suites with redundant coverage. We looked at minimizing test suites that have already been generated based on state–action–reward–state–action (SARSA) algorithms. In this dissertation, we hypothesize that there is room for improvement by introducing novel hybrid approaches that combine SARSA-generated test suites with greedy reduction algorithms following the principle of Head-up Guidance System (HGS™) approach. In addition, we apply an empirical study on Android test suites that reveals the value of these new hybrid methods. Our novel approaches focus on post-processing test suites by applying greedy reduction algorithms. To reduce Android test suites, we utilize different coverage criteria including event-based criterion (EBC), element-based criterion (ELBC), and combinatorial-based sequences criteria (CBSC) that follow the principle of combinatorial testing to generate sequences of events and elements. The proposed criteria effectively decreased the test suites generated by SARSA and revealed a high performance in maintaining code coverage. These findings suggest that test suite reduction using these criteria is particularly well suited for SARSA-generated test suites of Android apps.

Robert Muczynski (1929-2010), composer, pianist, and educator, is a noteworthy American musician from our time. His prowess as a pianist undoubtedly accounts for the striking number of pieces he wrote for the piano, namely, one concerto, preludes, sonatas, suites, a toccata, and variations. Out of a total of forty-eight pieces with opus numbers, seventeen are for solo piano. This document contains an overview of Muczynski's life as a composer and musician, with an emphasis on his solo piano compositions. The body of the document traces sources of Muczynski's compositional style, especially the influence of Alexander Tcherepnin, his composition teacher and mentor, and Sergei Prokofiev. An analysis of some of Muczynski's shorter piano solo pieces follows: Six Preludes, op. 6, Suite for Piano, op. 13, and Toccata, op. 15. This analysis demonstrates that Muczynski's short piano pieces often exhibit a persistent focus on one generative musical idea within each piece, usually consisting of unifying etude-like material. For variety and color, he relies on frequent changes of metric pulse, sudden accents, highly chromatic harmony and melody, and an extreme range of sound. These stylistic traits are consistent with those previously identified by other scholars in his larger piano compositions.

Le but de ce travail est de présenter des résultats à propos des noyaux sauvages étales. Soit $p$ un nombre premier. Les noyaux sauvages étales d'un corps de nombres $F$ (qui sont dénotés par $WK^{ét}_{2i}(F)$ avec $i\in \mathbb{Z}$) sont des généralisations cohomologiques de la $p$-partie du noyau sauvage classique $WK_{2}(F)$, qui est le sous-groupe de $K_2(F)$ constitué par les symboles qui sont triviaux pour tout symbole de Hilbert local. Ces noyaux sauvages étales sont des $\mathbb{Z}_p$-modules et l'on sait qu'ils sont finis lorsque $i\geq 1$ (et même, suivant les conventions, si $i=0$) : on conjecture en plus qu'ils soient toujours finis (conjecture de Schneider). Dans la suite, on va supposer que cette conjecture est satisfaite. On va s'intéresser en particulier à deux problèmes. Le premier, qui est étudié dans les Chapitres 2 et 3, est la déterminations des structures de groupe qui sont réalisables comme noyaux sauvages étales. En d'autres termes, si l'on se donne un corps de nombres $F$, un $p$-groupe abélien fini $X$ et un nombre entier $i\in\mathbb{Z}$, on peut se demander s'il existe une extension finie $E/F$ telle que $WK^{ét}_{2i}(E)\cong X$. Une question semblable a été étudiée pour les $p$-groupes des classes et il y a un relation précise entre les $p$-groupes des classes et les noyaux sauvages étales. Par conséquent, on peut espérer traduire les résultats classiques dans le contexte des noyaux sauvages étales. Peut-être est-il intéressant de donner ici une courte récapitulation sur le problème de réalisation classique pour les $p$-groupes des classes. Essentiellement, deux techniques sont utilisées. D'un coté, pour un corps de nombres $F$ fixé, l'on étudie la $p$-tour des corps des classes de Hilbert de $F$ : Yahagi a montré que cette tour est infinie si et seulement s'il n'y a pas d'extensions finies $E/F$ dont le $p$-groupe des classes soit trivial. De plus, si la tour est finie, alors toute structure de $p$-groupe abélien apparaît comme $p$-groupe des classes pour quelque extension finie $E/F$. De l'autre coté, une fois que l'on sait que pour un corps de nombres $F$ fixé, il existe une extension finie dont le $p$-groupe de classes est trivial, alors on peut se servir de la théorie du corps des classes et de la théorie des genres pour trouver, pour n'importe quel $p$-groupe abélien fini $X$, une extension finie $E/F$ telle que le $p$-groupe des classes de $E$ est isomorphe à $X$. En effet, la traduction du résultat de Yahagi dans le contexte des noyaux sauvages étales n'est pas tout à fait immédiate : la relation entre le groupe des classes et le noyau sauvage étale d'un corps de nombres $F$ s'écrit dans le langage de $\Gamma$-modules, où $\Gamma$ est le groupe de Galois sur $F$ de la $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension cyclotomique de $F(\mu_p)$. La façon la plus naturelle pour s'approcher du problème est donc de considérer le problème de réalisabilité pour les modules d'Iwasawa. Ce problème a été étudié (parmi d'autres auteurs) par Ozaki : il a montré que pour tout $\Lambda$-module fini $X$, il existe un corps de nombres $k$ tel que le module d'Iwasawa de $k$ (c'est à dire la limite projective des $p$-groupes des classes le long de la tour cyclotomique) est isomorphe à $X$. Les techniques utilisées sont inspirées à celles de Yahagi et en fait elles s'appuient d'une façon fondamentale du fait que $p$ ne divise pas le nombre des classes de $\mathbb{Q}$. Pour obtenir la traduction de ce résultat en termes de noyaux sauvages étales il faut considérer plutôt $\mathbb{Q}(\mu_p)$ -plus précisément un sous-corps convenable de $\mathbb{Q}(\mu_p)$. Bien entendu, le nombre des classes de ce sous-corps n'est plus premier avec $p$ (du moment que $p$ peut être irrégulier). D'autre part, si $p$ est régulier, la preuve d'Ozaki peut être adaptée (comme l'on montre dans le Chapitre 2). / The aim of the present work is to prove some results about étale wild kernels. Let $p$ be an odd prime. Etale wild kernels of a number field $F$ (which are denoted $WK^{ét}_{2i}(F)$ for $i\in \mathbb{Z}$) are cohomological generalizations of the $p$-part of the classical wild kernel $WK_{2}(F)$, which is the subgroup of $K_2(F)$ made up by symbols which are trivial for any local Hilbert symbol. Etale wild kernels are $\mathbb{Z}_p$-modules which are known to be finite if $i\geq1$ (and even if $i=0$, depending on the chosen convention): actually they are conjectured to be always finite (the Schneider conjecture). In the following we will suppose that this is always the case. Two problems are studied in detail. The first, which is analyzed in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, is to determine which group structures are realizable for étale wild kernels. In other words, given a number field $F$, a finite abelian $p$-group $X$ and $i\in \mathbb{Z}$, one can ask if there exists a finite extension $E/F$ such that $WK^{ét}_{2i}(E)\cong X$. A similar problem has been studied for $p$-class groups and there are precise relations between the $p$-class group and étale wild kernels. Therefore one may expect to translate results from $p$-class groups to étale wild kernels. It is maybe useful to give here a short account on the classical realizability problem for $p$-class groups. Essentially two kind of techniques are used. On the one hand, for a fixed number field $F$, one studies the Hilbert $p$-class field tower of $F$: it has been shown by Yahagi that the Hilbert $p$-class tower of $F$ is infinite if and only if there is no finite extension $E/F$ whose $p$-class group is trivial. Furthermore, if the Hilbert $p$-class tower of $F$ is finite, then every finite abelian $p$-group structure appears as $p$-class group of some finite extension $E/F$. On the other hand, once we know that for a fixed number field $F$ there exists a finite extension whose $p$-class group is trivial, then class field theory and genus theory are used to exhibit, for any finite abelian $p$-group $X$, a finite extension $E/F$ such that the $p$-class group of $E$ is isomorphic to $X$. Actually, the translation of Yahagi's result in terms of étale wild kernels is not immediate: the relation between the class groups and étale wild kernels of a number field $F$ is expressed in terms of $\Gamma$-modules structures, where $\Gamma$ is the Galois group over $F$ of the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of $F(\mu_p)$. The most natural way to approach the problem is then to consider the realizability problem for Iwasawa modules. This problem is studied (among many others) by Ozaki: he proved that for any finite $\Lambda$-module $X$, there exists a number field $k$ such that the Iwasawa module of $k$ (i.e. the projective limit of $p$-class groups along the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension) is isomorphic to $X$. The techniques used are inspired to those by Yahagi and actually Ozaki makes fundamental use of the fact that $p$ does not divide the class number of $\mathbb{Q}$. To get the translation of this result in terms of étale wild kernels one has to consider $\mathbb{Q}(\mu_p)$ -more precisely a suitable subfield of $\mathbb{Q}(\mu_p)$ depending on $i$- instead of $\mathbb{Q}$. Here the problem is that the class number of this suitable subfield is no more coprime with $p$ (as $p$ may be irregular). If this is not the case anyway, the proof of Ozaki can be adapted as it is shown in Chapter 2.

Concentramo-nos neste trabalho sobre o processo transcritivo da Suíte in A minor para flauto concertato, do compositor G. Ph. Telemann, com o duplo objetivo de possibilitar a ampliação do repertório solista do trombone moderno com a transcrição de uma obra barroca, e também de apresentar a transcrição de uma obra que seja possível de execução, tanto por profissionais como não profissionais. Deve-se salientar que no período barroco, o sacabuxa, antecessor do trombone moderno, embora muito utilizado, não possuía função solística e, portanto, a literatura para o trombone não conta com obras originais para o instrumento como solista durante o período barroco. No primeiro capítulo, consta uma breve historiografia sobre o sacabuxa, suas terminologias, bem como as discussões em torno da afinação em Lá ou Sib, seu registro e repertório. O segundo capítulo discorre, de forma sucinta, sobre o compositor G. Ph. Telemann, sua biografia e produção musical, a forma Suíte e a Suíte in A minor com suas danças e características. No terceiro capítulo, buscou-se considerar sobre a ornamentação barroca, a fim de se descreverem as práticas correntes no período barroco e seu respectivo emprego ao trombone moderno. No quarto e último capítulo, foram analisados o processo de transcrição e o passo a passo da construção da performance, utilizando métodos da técnica do instrumento. Pretendemos poder acrescentar a presente transcrição à literatura do trombone na área de transcrições barrocas para o instrumento. / The transcriptional process of the Suite in A minor for flauto concertato by the composer G. Ph. Telemann, has in this paper, the dual objective of enabling both the expansion of the repertoire of the modern trombone soloist with the transcription of a Baroque work, and to present a transcription of a Baroque piece that can be played both by professionals and non-professionals. We emphasize that in the Baroque period, the sackbut, predecessor of the modern trombone, although widely used, had no soloist function, and therefore the literature for the trombone does not have original works for the instrument as a soloist during the Baroque period. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first contained a brief historiography about the sackbut, its terminology, as well as discussions around the pitch in A or Bb, register and repertoire. In the second chapter we discus briefly about the composer G. Ph. Telemann, his biography and music production, the Suite form and Suite in A minor with their dances and structures. In the third chapter, we seek to discuss the Baroque ornamentation to describe the current practices in the Baroque period and its performance by a modern trombone. In the fourth and final chapter, we analyzed the transcriptions process and the step by step construction of the performance, the methods using the technique of the instrument. It is our intention to be able to add this transcription for trombone into the Baroque repertoire for the instrument.

L’hospitalisation représente une étape de vie à laquelle doit faire face une grande majorité des personnes âgées. Cette expérience trop souvent accompagnée d’un déclin physique et psychologique marque pour beaucoup le début de la fin. Basé sur les fondements théoriques de la théorie de l’autodétermination (TAD), ce travail doctoral a deux objectifs. (1) Définir qualitativement le soutien à l’autodétermination dans les services de soins de suite et réadaptation (SSR). (2) Connaître l’impact des orientations de causalité́ des patients sur la perception de soutien ou de contrôle à l’autodétermination et les conséquences motivationnelles et émotionnelles associées. L’étude 1 a montré que les professionnels de santé mettaient en avant une image idéalisée de leur environnement de soins. Les patients (étude 2) ont indiqué de nombreuses contraintes qui atténuent l’effet de cette vision positive. L’étude 3 a démontré que les orientations de causalité du patient étaient une variable qui en interaction avec la perception de l’environnement, n’aboutissait pas aux mêmes conséquences motivationnelles et émotionnelles. De par le rôle déterminant octroyé par la TAD à la motivation, les professionnels de santé se doivent d’être capables de nourrir, entretenir et soutenir la motivation des patients. Une réflexion sur les recommandations pratiques et des axes de recherches futurs seront proposés. / Hospitalization is a life stage that faces a large majority of older people. This experience is often accompanied by both physical and psychological declines and means, for most of older people the beginning of the end. Based on the self-determination theory (SDT), this doctoral dissertation has two objectives. (1) To qualitatively define an autonomy supportive environment in after-care and rehabilitation services (ACRS). (2) To know the impact of causality orientations on patients' perceptions of an autonomy supportive or controlled environment and the associated motivational and emotional consequences. Study 1 showed that healthcare professionals conveyed an idealized image of their work environment and the care they provide. Patients (study 2) indicated many constraints that mitigated the effect of this positive view of an autonomy supportive environment and reduced their ability to experience it. Study 3 demonstrated that patient's causality orientations were a variable which interacted with the perception of ACRS environment, did not induce the same motivational and emotional consequences. Thus, these studies contribute to the self-determination theory in the health setting by showing the determining role of patients’ motivation. It is therefore necessary for healthcare professionals to be able to feed, maintain and support patients’ motivation. In the light of the contribution of the self-determination theory, a reflection about practical recommendations and future lines of research will be proposed.

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-09-15T20:41:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Pieter Rahmeier.pdf: 12711400 bytes, checksum: a3b6201c9b1893bc5d066c80b62aa70a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-09-15T20:41:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Pieter Rahmeier.pdf: 12711400 bytes, checksum: a3b6201c9b1893bc5d066c80b62aa70a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-15T20:41:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Pieter Rahmeier.pdf: 12711400 bytes, checksum: a3b6201c9b1893bc5d066c80b62aa70a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-23 / Ernst Mahle (1929) is a german composer naturalized brazilian who has in his catalogue over 200 pieces written for all orchestra instruments. For guitar he wrote solo pieces, chamber music and concerts. This work has the purpose to develop a critical and a performance edition of the Suite (1975) for guitar solo, by Ernst Mahle, taking as a source of research the digitalized version of the Suite made by the composer himself and the manuscript of the piece. In the following research was made a stylistic technical and idiomatic analysis of his mainly works for the guitar, as well as an interview with the composer about the Suite and his works for the instrument. Furthermore, it was achieved a succinct biography of the composer due the scanty material about him. The construction of a Critical and Performance Edition of the Suite was the result of questions made about the interpretation of the piece, the rigorous comparison between the sources and the talk with the composer (interview), all of that aiming at to provide a comprehensive approach of this piece for the guitarists who wish to play it. / Ernst Mahle (1929) é um compositor alemão naturalizado brasileiro que tem em seu catálogo mais de 200 obras escritas para todos os instrumentos da orquestra sinfônica. Para violão escreveu peças solo, música de câmara e concertos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma edição crítica e de performance da Suíte (1975) para Violão Solo de Ernst Mahle, tomando como fonte de pesquisa a versão digitalizada da Suíte, feita pelo próprio compositor, e o manuscrito da obra. Na pesquisa em questão foi realizada uma análise estilística, técnica e idiomática de suas principais obras para violão, bem como uma entrevista com o compositor sobre a Suíte e suas obras para o instrumento. Além disso, foi levantado uma breve biografia do compositor pelo fato de haver escasso material que trate do assunto. A construção de uma Edição Crítica e de Performance da Suíte foi o resultado das questões levantadas acerca da interpretação da peça, da comparação minuciosa entre as fontes e da discussão com o compositor (entrevista), isso tudo visando fornecer uma abordagem compreensiva da obra aos violonistas que desejarem executá-la.