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<p>Background: Firms are today competing for educated and qualified people within the IT-industry, due to the high business activity. Firms require new employees to have both a formal education and relevant work expe-riences. Newspaper articles state that IT-companies have difficulties finding qualified employees and that they also see this shortage of competencies as the most prominent hinder to economic growth. To handle this shortage are an increased amount of companies starting structured training activities for their new employees, which by general terms is called trainee programs. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to do an explorative study of compa-nies in the Swedish IT-industry, to see if and why a trainee program could be a source of competitive advantage. Method: A qualitative approach has been applied when collecting data. Four small case studies were made by interviewing top managers and col-lecting company related information. The companies had diverse sizes and different experiences from trainee programs. The data was analyzed with the Resource-based view as a guiding theory applying the VRIN framework. Conclusion: By doing the studies three value adding aspects was found. They were staffing/recruitment, marketing and, organizational learning and development. Within the resource-based views boundaries were: recruitment and staffing found to be a source of at best tem-porary competitive advantage, the same conclusion applies for trai-nee program as a marketing tool. Organizational learning and de-velopment could be seen as a source of competitive advantage due to the complex impact a trainee program has to an organization. To summarize the above mentioned; trainee program could be a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Three obstacles for implementing trainee programs were found; feeling of being to small, short-term thinking and the lack of time.</p>

Recent functional neuroimaging evidence suggests that recalling autobiographical memories, imagining fictitious autobiographical episodes, and taking the perspective of another person activate a similar network of brain regions. Results from the two studies presented here provide further evidence of this common neural network. Previous evidence also suggests that recalling autobiographical memories from a first person or from a third person perspective can influence the way in which those memories are experienced as well as the brain regions that are engaged; however, the effect of perspective on imagining autobiographical events remains unclear. Results from Study 1 indicated that brain regions implicated in both remembering and imagining were differentially engaged during these tasks depending on whether a first person or a third person perspective was taken. In addition, while recalling autobiographical memories from a third person perspective can result in the feeling that a past self is more like another person, imagining oneself in the position of another person can result in the feeling that that person is more similar to oneself; this suggests a possible link between perspective in memory and social perspective taking. In Study 2, we identified several brain regions exhibiting a pattern of increasing or decreasing activation as a function of whether socially interactive events were recalled from a first person perspective, by imagining oneself as one's partner, or from a third person perspective (i.e., as a function of distance from one's own perspective). Together, our findings suggest that perspective plays an important role in the way in which brain regions that are part of this common neural network are engaged during memory, imagination, and socially interactive tasks.

Google Street View projektas buvo pradėtas Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose, kur įstatymai, skirti reguliuoti nuotraukų ir vaizdo įrašų darymą viešose vietose yra daug liberalesni negu Europos privatumo įstatymai. Todėl plečiant projektą Europoje, Google susidūrė su daugybe kritikos tiek iš privačių asmenų, tie iš Europos Sąjungos institucijų atstovų pusės. Europos Komisijos pateikti reikalavimai 2010 m. netgi lėmė viešus Google svarstymus dėl galimo Google Street View projekto nutraukimo Europoje. Pagrindinė priežastis, dėl kurios išsiskyrė JAV ir Europos požiūris į Google Street View projektą, slypi skirtingame istoriniame Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų bei Europos požiūryje į laisvės ir privatumo teisių apsaugą. Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose privatumo apsaugos principą iš esmės galima apibūdinti kaip „teisę būti paliktam ramybėje“ („right to be left alone“). Tradiciškai susiklostė įsitikinimas, kad asmens teisė į privatų gyvenimą gali būti užtikrinta tik jeigu į jį nesikiš vyriausybė. Privačiam sektoriui taikomi įstatymai iš esmės tik numato, kokiu būdu turi būti renkami, tvarkomi privačių asmenų duomenys, yra numatytas draudimas informaciją apie savo klientus atskleisti trečiosioms šalis. Visa kita palikta įmonių savireguliacijai. Europos požiūris į asmens privatumo apsaugą yra skirtingas negu Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose. Pagrindinė vertybė, kurią siekiama apsaugoti leidžiant teisės aktus privatumo apsaugos srityje – asmens orumas. Asmuo, išeidamas į viešumą, negali... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / „Recent inventions and business methods call attention to the next step which must be taken for the protection of the person, and for securing to the individual what Judge Cooley calls the right "to be let alone" This idea of one‘s right to privacy was presented by two United States lawyers S. Warrend and L. Brandeis in 1890. The authors felt threatened by the growing number of tabloid press and new snap cameras. They were the first to publicly express the need to safeguard personal rights, such as a right to one’s image, a right to privacy, a right to be left alone. Today portable photo cameras are old news, but new technologies still seem to challenge our law systems. Such a novelty technology is definitely Google Street View, project, which enables to wander the streets of various cities all around the world without leaving the comfort if our homes. Today Street View is available on all the continents, including Antarctica. Google Street View was introduced in the United States in 2007, where law regarding privacy is not as sophisticated as the one in European Union. This was the reason why Google faced so many challenges, which were not an issue in the United States, once it launched the program in various European countries. This thesis examines two different approaches to protect personal rights, the one in the United States and the one in European Union. Research also includes examples of various cases against Street view and short history of the evolution of the right... [to full text]

This thesis explores the “project” in the entrepreneurial context, specifically the project- based view of start-ups. Start-ups are defined as entrepreneurial new ventures which have unstable business models, an open and simple organisational structure and which utilize innovative strategies for their development. The concept of temporary organisation is placed within the entrepreneurial context to define possible scenarios for the project-based view. The study is guided by the following research questions: How does a project-based view unfold in the start-up context? What is the impact of embracing a project-based view for a start-up? There is a limited number of studies elaborating on the link between project management and entrepreneurship. This study aims at contributing to an evolving body of knowledge integrating project management and entrepreneurship by building new theory regarding the application of the project metaphor by start-ups. Based on the existing research linking project management and entrepreneurship through the concept of the temporary organisation, this study explains the process of embracing a project- based view of start-ups as well as its implications on start-ups. These findings will be supported by the development of a visual model and propositions for further research. The study is using grounded theory as a research methodology which is considered to be appropriate given the nascent state of the previous research as well as the underlying research questions. In total eleven unstructured and semi-structured interviews were conducted with start-ups which comply with the synthesized start-up characteristics. The data analysis benefited from using open, axial and finally, selective coding as suggested by the grounded theory approach. Answering the first research question, the study’s findings are reflected in a model which explains how the project-based view unfolds. Overall, the process of a project- based view takes two directions: the external and the internal project-based view. The external project-based view - meaning that the whole start-up is seen as a temporary organisation - starts once the start-up team members decide to commit themselves to the project when the entrepreneurial opportunity is constructed. The start-up is then seen as being temporary due to external pressure and a bounded time period. However, although being temporary, the start-up still aims to transit to a permanent state. The internal project-based view suggests that the start-up’s strategy making process is followed by the strategy realization which is performed either by a sequence or by a multi-project approach, or a combination of both. Regarding the second research question, a project- based view enhances the start-ups’ operational and dynamic capabilities.

Poster / Soc 397a / 2017 Poverty in Tucson Field Workshop

The heavenly empyrean was the highest expression of the Medieval Weltanschauung (world view). It served as the outermost sphere of the Aristotelian/Ptolemaic geocentric cosmos while possessing an eminent theological status. This paper explores the importance of the empyrean during the Scholastic Period (eleventh through fourteenth centuries).

The aim of the study was to investigate if an intensive reading intervention based on decoding word and text through repeated reading could improve the students’ reading fluency and thereby their reading comprehension. Reading fluency can be defined as reading with suitable speed, good decoding and word recognition, by using prosody and showing understanding of what has been read. The method in the study was an experimental intervention combined with interviews with participating students. Eight students in grades 2 and 3 were included, and they were divided into two comparable groups, an intervention group and a control group. Pre- and post-test examined whether the intervention had effects on the students’ decoding and reading comprehension compared to the control students. The interviews explored how the students experienced the intervention and how they felt that the training affected their ability to read. The results showed that most of the students in the intervention-group improved their reading accuracy, which in turn may have affected their reading comprehension in a positive way. According to the interviews, the students experienced the activities mostly as meaningful and fun (with one negative thing, they missed class teaching) and they all think they have learned things that have been positive for their ability to read. In conclusion, this study proposes that an intensive reading intervention can be a good way for specialist teachers to assist students in their early reading development.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.