No description available.

No description available.

Industry growth and the reduction of available seasonal labour in New Zealand’s horticulture and viticulture industries led to a collaboration with the government in 2005, and the formation of a seasonal labour strategy for the future, the Recognised Seasonal Employer Scheme (RSE) was launched in 2007. The objectives of this policy were twofold: to fill labour gaps of the horticulture and viticulture industries and to promote economic development in Pacific Island states by prioritising workers from the region. Different actors have different aims, and different measure for success. In order for this scheme to be successful for the New Zealand government it needs to meet theses policy objectives of supplying reliable labour to the industries, and increasing economic development in the Pacific. For Pacific island states success depends on the continuity of the scheme, and the remittances that workers will send home to aid economic development. For the industries success comes from having a dependable and controllable labour force. Success for the workers in the scheme relies on them making as much money as possible during the season to meet their goals of financing family and community needs. In order to achieve these various successes workers are made unfree. Unfreedom means that the workers have no freedom in the labour market and are restricted to working for the grower stipulated in the employment contract. Conditions of employment contracts, visa regulations and informal pressures to be ‘good’ men both at work and in free time from the Vanuatu government, men’s home communities and industry participants all work to limit the men’s freedom, which is entrenched largely through threats of being sent home or blacklisted from the scheme. Workers are aware of the mechanisms used to control them and they do resist some of the conditions imposed, but only in a limited way that will not see them excluded from the scheme. Using the anthropological approach of participation observation this research was undertaken in the first season of the RSE scheme 2007/2008, where I lived and worked with 22 ni-Vanuatu migrant workers in Central Otago to gain knowledge of how, they and others in the industry experienced the RSE scheme.

No description available.

No description available.

<p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1998</p> / digitalisering@umu

Foreign graduates have been part of the success stories of many developed countries. This is as a result of their immeasurable deposit of ideas, knowledge, and innovation in the host country. Though the process of these foreign graduates penetrating and integrating into the labour market of the host country could be slow and rough as they encounter some obstacles on the way; they still strive to break through and be part of the country’s workforce because they foresee some opportunities therein. This research study is about the obstacles and opportunities foreign graduates meet in Dalarna labour market. The study investigated and identified the obstacles and opportunities foreign graduates meet in Dalarna labour market. For a thorough execution of this research, we collected primary data by handing questionnaires to 65 foreign graduates searching for jobs in Dalarna region and interviewed eight people, among which seven were foreign graduates and one of them was a staff at Arbestförmedlingen (Employment Agency) to give us a general view of the Dalarna labour market. We read previous research works and related articles to understand the topic in order to get an overview of the terminologies and concept to apply. This study concluded that language is a major obstacle foreign graduates meet in the Dalarna labour market. Other possible obstacles include culture, poor integration policies, lack of a placement bureau, lack of trust, limited opportunities, favoritism, lack of jobs, lack of references and experience. On the other hand factors like job availability, outgoing labour force and unskilled labour are possible opportunities foreign graduates meet in the Dalarna labour market. Furthermore flexible work time, good working atmosphere, experience, social security/welfare, good standard of living, family friendly region, higher wages, job security and cheap cost of living are also possible benefits that foreign graduates get in Dalarna.

This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the geographical labour mobility of employees in Sweden. The analysis employs a difference-indifference (DiD) approach to compare the mobility patterns of employees in treated municipalities with higher COVID-19 infectious rates to those in controlled municipalities with lower infectious rates. The study utilizes two primary datasets: population-wide micro-level data on COVID-19 infectious rates provided by the Swedish Public Health Agency, and aggregate data on employed commuters from Statistics Sweden. The latter dataset includes information on the residential and employed municipalities of individuals aged 16 and above between 2014 and 2021. The analysis focuses on the geographical mobility ratio which represents the proportion of employed commuters with different residential and employed municipalities. Regression models are used to estimate the treatment effect of COVID-19 on geographical labour mobility, controlling for municipality-specific factors and potential confounding variables. The results indicate that the treated municipalities with higher COVID-19 infectious rates exhibit significantly higher geographical labour mobility than the controlled municipalities. However, the main effect of time, representing the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, is found to be statistically non-significant, suggesting that the pandemic did not have a direct effect on workers' geographical mobility. Gender is found to have an equal influence on commuters' mobility patterns, irrespective of the impact of COVID-19. The study contributes to the understanding of labour mobility dynamics during a pandemic and highlights the importance of considering contextual factors such as infection rates and demographic characteristics. It also underscores the need for further research to explore the nuanced factors influencing remote work preferences among different demographic groups.

As radical innovations facilitate communication, create new industries and make others obsolete, the established ways of organising society are being questioned. Over the last few decades, a theoretical framework and a worldview labelled the entrepreneurial society, has emerged. The entrepreneurial society is based on theoretical models, empirical observations and a belief in the importance of new businesses. The core of the entrepreneurial society is the claim that valuable ideas have to be commercialised in order to contribute to economic growth and prosperity. Unfortunately, valuable ideas remain dormant due to a number of barriers. Labour mobility, informal networks and entrepreneurship are mechanisms with the potential of overcoming these barriers. This thesis aims to increase our understanding of how ideas diffuse between and get applied within organisations. The thesis relates its findings to the entrepreneurial society and identifies and critically assesses basic assumptions and biases underlying the framework. The thesis presents and discusses six studies, each published as an article in a scientific journal, a chapter in an edited book, or as a conference paper at an international academic conference. Taken together, the findings in this thesis emphasise that the mobility of ideas is intertwined with the mobility of people and knowledge. More specifically, the findings indicate that employees in large R&amp;Ddriven projects not only attain knowledge from external sources, but also that the use of external knowledge sources is positively related to new ideas connected to the projects. In addition, this thesis reinforces the argument that the mobility of knowledge workers is particularly beneficial to the diffusion of knowledge and ideas between organisations; the results show that employees in knowledge-intensive positions perceive greater opportunities to generate, share and develop ideas in organisations, as compared to employees in less knowledge-intensive positions. This thesis suggests that new employees tend to have an entrepreneurial potential in the form of a greater drive for change and less habituation with current practices. Nevertheless, such potential is often curbed by resistant routines. However, the thesis also finds that much entrepreneurship literature and the discourse of policy makers are biased towards overly optimistic views of entrepreneurship. The literature on the entrepreneurial society emphasises the diffusion and application of new R&amp;D-related knowledge and ideas. This thesis also emphasises the diffusion and application of already widespread and established knowledge, ideas and innovations. / I takt med att radikala innovationer underlättar kommunikation, skapar nya branscher och gör andra obsoleta, ifrågasätts etablerade sätt att organisera samhället. De senaste årtiondena har ett teoretiskt ramverk och en världsåskådning, under benämningen det entreprenöriella samhället, vuxit fram. Det entreprenöriella samhället baseras på teoretiska modeller, empiriska observationer och en tro på vikten av nya företag. Kärnan i det entreprenöriella samhället är tesen att värdefulla idéer måste kommersialiseras för att bidra till ekonomisk tillväxt och välstånd. Olyckligtvis förblir många idéer outnyttjade på grund av en mängd barriärer. Arbetskraftsrörlighet, informella nätverk och entreprenörskap är mekanismer med potential att övervinna dessa barriärer. Syftet med denna avhandling är att öka vår förståelse av hur idéer sprids mellan, och tillämpas inom, organisationer. Avhandlingen relaterar resultaten till det entreprenöriella samhället, samt identifierar och granskar ramverkets underliggande antaganden och blinda fläckar. Avhandlingen presenterar och diskuterar sex studier, var och en publicerad som en artikel i en vetenskaplig tidskrift, som ett kapitel i en akademisk antologi eller som ett bidrag till en internationell vetenskaplig konferens. Sammantaget understryker resultaten i avhandlingen att idéers rörlighet är sammanvävd med människors och kunskaps rörlighet. Resultaten tyder på att anställda i stora FoU-drivna projekt inte bara inhämtar kunskap från externa källor utan också att dessa källor är relaterade till nya idéer och lösningar på problem i projekten. Vidare förstärker resultaten tidigare forskning som hävdar att organisationsbyten bland människor med kunskapsintensiva arbeten särskilt bidrar till att idéer och kunskap sprids mellan organisationer; resultaten visar att anställda med kunskapsintensiva arbeten upplever större möjligheter att generera, föreslå och utveckla idéer jämfört med anställda i mindre kunskapsintensiva positioner. Avhandlingens resultat indikerar också att nyanställda har en större entreprenöriell potential än mer etablerade anställda. Detta för att nyanställda har en större förändringsbenägenhet och att de ännu inte är inskolade i etablerade arbetssätt. Denna potential hålls emellertid ofta tillbaka av motståndskraftiga organisatoriska rutiner. Dessutom hävdar avhandlingen att mycket av entreprenörskapslitteraturen och den politiska diskursen uppvisar en överoptimistisk syn på entreprenörskap. Litteraturen bakom det entreprenöriella samhället betonar spridningen och tillämpningen av forskningsnära kunskap. Denna avhandling betonar även vidare spridning av redan spridd och etablerad kunskap, samt redan spridda och etablerade idéer och innovationer. / <p>The authors Licentiate thesis "Organisational adoption of innovations : management practices and IT" is a part of this dissertation.</p>

Este estudo trata do momento atual da modernização dos Brejos da Barra (BA), mais precisamente do Brejo da Cabeceira do São Gonçalo, onde observamos a reprodução do trabalho. Procuramos analisar como essa reprodução é crítica também por ser mediação social de categorias sociais contraditórias, que também aparecem, por este caráter contraditório, como não crítica. Assim, uma pergunta inicialmente elaborada sobre as práticas empíricas dos brejeiros radicalizou-se, tornando-se uma pergunta sobre a modernização de acordo com as categorias de mediação mercadoria, trabalho e dinheiro. O processo de formação de tais categorias é o mesmo que forma historicamente os Brejos, no qual se destacam a mobilidade territorial e a mobilização do trabalho por meio do apossamento de áreas e da produção agropecuária no Vale do São Francisco, para troca ou consumo próprio. Este processo acelera-se significativamente com ações, inclusive estatais, que estimulam a migração. A aceleração impõe, contraditoriamente, os próprios termos da crise na reprodução do capital social total. Observamos que todo esse processo diz respeito a uma gestão da crise, dada a profusão da infraestruturação geral, da disponibilidade de dinheiro e de crédito. Ainda assim, não deixa de ser reposição de categorias da modernização em crise e colapso. / This dissertation deals with the modernization that is currently taking place in Brejos da Barra (BA), more precisely Brejo da Cabeceira do São Gonçalo and in which we observe the reproduction of labour. We seek to observe how critical this reproduction is, especially because it is socially mediated by contradictory social categories that seem non-critical precisely because of this character. So, the initial question about the empirical practice of the inhabitants became a question about the modernization seen through the mediated categories of merchandise, labour and money. The formation process of these categories is similar to the process that historically formed the Brejos region and from which we can highlight the territorial mobility and the mobilization of labour through the possession of the land and of the farming process for the inhabitants own use or to develop a trade system in Vale do São Franscisco. This process is accelerated through different interventions (including state intervention) which stimulate migration. However, this acceleration creates a crisis in the reproduction of the total social capital. We observe that this process is tantamount, paradoxically, to the management of the crisis because of the proliferation of the general infrastructure and of currency and credit circulation even if this process can also be seen as the reposition of the modern categories of crisis and collapse.