Orientador: Luis Felipe Cesar da Rocha Bueno / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:37:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Penachi_Rian_M.pdf: 10723936 bytes, checksum: ee5a52edf4287fdd199dc8efff4b5869 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem didática acerca de otimização não linear irrestrita e com restrições de igualdade, assim como um guia para o leitor que necessita instalar e utilizar o software ALGENCAN. Prezando por explorar ideias intuitivas do tema, o texto foca em estudar, muitas vezes geometricamente, problemas irrestritos e problemas com restrições de igualdade. Para o caso sem restrições é enfatizada a relação entre métodos de otimização e métodos para zeros de sistemas não lineares, destacando o Método de Newton. Métodos do tipo Lagrangiano Aumentado são o enfoque principal, particularmente em ALGENCAN, que é uma de suas implementações mais bem estabelecidas na literatura. As dificuldades encontradas em métodos computacionais para resolver problemas simétricos de otimização não linear com restrições também são estudadas. São apresentados vários exemplos simples de como a simetria do problema afeta o bom desempenho do método e as alternativas para contornar estes obstáculos. Além do mais, testes mais completos usando a coleção CUTEst comprovam que o algoritmo modificado que introduzimos é, pelo menos, tão competitivo quanto a versão original de ALGENCAN / Abstract: This work proposes a didactic approach concerning nonlinear unconstrained optimization and nonlinear equality constrained optimization, as well as a guide for the readers who need to install and use the ALGENCAN software. Exploring intuitive ideas of the subject, the focus of the text is to study, often in a geometric way, unconstrained problems and problems with equality constraints. For the case of unconstrained problems, it will be emphasized the relationship between optimization methods and methods for nonlinear systems, highlighting the Newton's Method. The main focus will be on the Augmented Lagrangian Method, particularly on ALGENCAN, which is one of the most well-established implementations in the literature. The difficulties found in computational methods to solve symmetric problems of nonlinear constrained optimization will be also studied. It will be shown, through several simple examples, how the symmetry of the problem affects the good performance of the method and the alternatives to overcome these difficulties. Moreover, more complete tests using CUTEst will be done, which will confirm that the modified algorithm introduced by us is, at least, as efficient as the original version of ALGENCAN / Mestrado / Matematica Aplicada e Computacional / Mestre em Matemática Aplicada e Computacional

Ce travail est consacré à l’étude numérique de l’interaction entre un fluide compressible et une structure indéformable, en adaptant une famille récente de schémas d’ordre très élevé à la prise en compte de conditions aux bords particulières entre le fluide et la structure. Plus précisément,on évalue l’apport de schémas d’ordre strictement supérieur à 3 par rapport à des stratégies plus classiques dans la littérature restreintes aux ordres 1 et 2. Un résultat important est qu’il est possible de réaliser le couplage à tout ordre et qu’il existe des configurations pour lesquelles on observe un gain important pour les ordres élevés. Une revue bibliographique est faite rappelant les résultats théoriques concernant les systèmes hyperboliques et décrivant les méthodes utilisées dans la littérature pour la simulation de la dynamique des gaz et la prise en compte des conditions aux bords. Un schéma sur grilles cartésiennes décalées et d’ordre très élevé est proposé pour la résolution des équations d’Euler en 1D/2D. Ce schéma est basé sur le formalisme Lagrange-projection et bien que formulé en énergie interne assure conservation et consistance faible grâce à un correctif en énergie interne. Parallèlement, l’étude pour les systèmes hyperboliques linéaires de discrétisation à l’ordre très élevé des conditions aux bords est faite. Elle met en évidence la nécessité pour l’ordre élevé de s’intéresser à la stabilité des schémas ainsi obtenus. À partir de ces travaux, la prise en compte de conditions aux bords en vitesse normale imposée est réalisée pour les équations d’Euler en 1D et 2D. Enfin, une procédure de couplage entre fluide compressible et structure indéformable est proposée. / This work is devoted to the construction of stable and high-order numerical methods in order to simulate fluid - rigid body interactions. In this manuscript, a bibliographic overview is done, which highlights theoretical results about hyperbolic system of conservation laws, as well as the methods available in the literature for the hydrodynamics simulation and the numericalboundary treatment. A high-order accurate scheme is proposed on staggered Cartesian grids to approximate the solution of Euler equations in 1D and 2D. The scheme relies on Lagrange-remap formalism, and although formulated in internal energy, ensures both conservation and weak consistency thanks to an internal energy corrector. In the same time, the study of high-order numerical boundary treatment for linear hyperbolic system is done. It highlights the necessity to focus especially on the linear stability of the effective scheme. Starting from the linear results, the numerical boundary treatment with imposed normal velocity is done for Euler equations in 1D and 2D. Last, the coupling between a compressible fluid and a rigid body is realized, using the designed procedure for numerical boudary treatment.

S postupom času sa elektrotechnicky průmysl posouval dopředu. Přišel rozvoj v automobilovém průmyslu, leteckém průmyslu, navigácí a dalších odvětvích. S rozvojem automobilového a leteckého průmyslu se zvětšila potřeba pro motory s vyskou spolehlivostí. Tenhle fakt zapříčinil rozvoj motorů s vćero fázami. Tyto stroje mají za úkol zvýšiť spolehlivost ale zároveň zachovat/zvýšit výkon stroje.

The thesis deal with programing of algorithm for creating measuring box composed of measuring points. Coordinates of these points will be used for planing trajectory of the robot’s effector. It describes construction of structural model in Solid Works and calculate dynamic model by matrix formalism in MATLAB. In conslusion dynamic model of positioning system is used for the choice of appropriate motors.

Objectif: Lors de l’ablation de tumeurs cérébrales, la navigation chirurgicale est basée sur les examens IRM pré-opératoires. Or, la déformation per-opératoire du cerveau, appelée brain-shift, affecte cette navigation. Dans cette thèse, une méthode de compensation du brain-shift intégrable dans un processus clinique est présentée.Méthode: Avant la chirurgie, un modèle biomécanique patient-spécifique est construit à partir des images pré-opératoires. Il intègre la géométrie des tissus mous mais également des vaisseaux. Pendant l’opération, des acquisitions échographiques localisées sont réalisées directement en contact avec le cerveau. Les modalités mode B et Doppler sont enregistrées simultanément, permettant respectivement l’extraction des vaisseaux et de l’empreinte de la sonde. Une simulation biomécanique est ensuite jouée pour compenser le brain-shift. Différentes contraintes sont appliquées au modèle de cerveau afin de modéliser les contacts avec la dure-mère, recaler les vaisseaux pré- et per-opératoires et contraindre la surface corticale avec l’empreinte de la sonde. Lors de la résection de tumeurs profondes, la trajectoire chirurgicale est également contrainte au sein de la cavité réséquée afin de retrouver les déformations latérales induites par l’écartement des tissus. Les images IRM pré-opératoires ont finalement mises à jour suivant le champ de déformation du modèle biomécanique.Résultats: La méthode a été évaluée quantitativement à partir de données synthétiques et cliniques de cinq patients. De plus, l’alignement des images a également été apprécié qualitativement, au regard des attentes des neurochirurgiens. Des résultats très satisfaisants, de l’ordre de 2 mm d’erreur, sont obtenus à l’ouverture de la dure-mère et dans le cas de résection de tumeurs en surface. Lors de la résection de tumeurs profondes, si la trajectoire chirurgicale permet de retrouver une grande partie des déformations induites par l’écartement des tissus, plusieurs limitations dues au fait que cette rétraction ne soit pas effectivement simulée sont montrées.Conclusion: Cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode de compensation du brain-shit efficace et intégrable au bloc opératoire. Elle aborde de plus le sujet peu traité de la résection, en particulier de tumeurs profondes. Elle présente ainsi une étape supplémentaire vers un système optimal en neurochirurgie assistée par ordinateur. / Purpose: During brain tumor surgery, planning and guidance are based on preoperative MR exams. The intraoperative deformation of the brain, called brain-shift, however affect the accuracy of the procedure. In this thesis, a brain-shift compensation method integrable in a surgical workflow is presented.Method: Prior to surgery, a patient-specific biomechanical model is built frompreoperative images. The geometry of the tissues and blood vessels is integrated. Intraoperatively, navigated ultrasound images are performed directly in contact with the brain. B-mode and Doppler modalities are recorded simultaneously, enabling the extraction of the blood vessels and probe footprint, respectively. A biomechanical simulation is then executed in order to compensate for brain-shift. Several constraints are imposed to the biomechanical model in order to simulate the contacts with the dura mater, register the pre- and intraoperative vascular trees and constrain the cortical surface with the probe footprint. During deep tumors resection, the surgical trajectory is also constrained to remain inside the cavity induced by the resected tissues in order to capture the lateral deformations issued from tissues retraction. Preoperative MR images are finally updated following the deformation field of the biomechanical model.Results: The method was evaluated quantitatively using synthetic and clinical data. In addition, the alignment of the images was qualitatively assessed with respect to surgeons expectations. Satisfactory results, with errors in the magnitude of 2 mm, are obtained after the opening of the dura mater and for the resection of tumors close to the cortical surface. During the resection of deep tumors, while the surgical trajectory enable to capture most of the deformations induced by tissues retraction, several limitations reflects the fact that this retraction is not actually simulated.Conclusion: A new efficient brain-shift compensation method that is integrable in an operating room is proposed in this thesis. The few studied topic of the resection, and more specifically of deep tumors, is also addressed. This manuscript thus present an additional step towards an optimal system in computer assisted neurosurgery.

The contribution compares results of Large Eddy Simulations of the cavitating flow in a model oil hydraulic spool valve using an Euler-Euler and a one-way coupled Euler- Lagrange model. The impact of the choice of the empirical constants in the Kunz cavitation model is demonstrated. Provided these are chosen appropriately the approach can yield reasonable agreement with the corresponding experiment. The one-way Euler-Lagrange model yields less agreement. It is demonstrated that this is due to the lack of realistic volumetric coupling, rarely accounted for in this type of method. First results of such an algorithm are presented featuring substantially more realism.

No description available.

The aim of this master thesis is to characterize the fluid forces applied to a fuel assembly inthe core of a nuclear power plant in case of seism. The forces are studied with a simplifiedtwo-dimensional model constituted of an array of 3 by 3 infinite cylinders oscillating in aclosed box. The axial flow of water, which convects the heat in the core of a nuclear powerplant, is also taken into account. The velocity of the axial flow reaches 4m/s in the middle ofthe assembly and modifies the forces features when the cylinders move laterally.The seism is modeled as a lateral displacement with high amplitude (several cylinderdiameters) and low frequencies (below 20 Hz). In order to study the effects of the amplitudeand of the frequency of the displacement, the displacement taken is a sine function withboth controlled amplitude and frequency. Four degrees of freedom of the system will bestudied: the amplitude of the displacement, its frequency, the axial velocity amplitude andthe confinement (due to the closed box).The fluid forces exerted on the cylinders can be seen as a combination of three terms: anadded mass, related to the acceleration of cylinders, a drift force, related to the damping ofthe fluid and a force due to the interaction of the cylinder with residual vortices. The firsttwo components will be characterized through the Morison expansion, and their evolutionwith the variation of the degree of freedom of the system will be quantified. The effect ofthe interaction with the residual vortices will be observed in the plots of the forces vs. timebut also in the velocity and vorticity map of the fluid.The fluid forces are calculated with the CFD code Code_Saturne, which uses a second orderaccurate finite volume method. Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes simulations arerealized with a k-epsilon turbulence model. The Arbitrary Lagrange Euler model is used todescribe the structure displacement. The domain is meshed with hexahedra with thesoftware gmsh [1] and the flow is visualized with Paraview [2]. The modeling techniquesused for the simulations are described in the first part of this master thesis.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la coordinación de las Representaciones en los Registros de Representación Semiótica (gráfico, algebraico y natural) que estudiantes de Economía de una universidad particular de Lima, realizan cuando desarrollan una situación problema relacionada al Multiplicador de Lagrange. Para poder llevar a cabo este trabajo, hemos revisado antecedentes de investigación que tienen como objeto matemático al Multiplicador de Lagrange, así como funciones reales de varias variables, ya sea con el empleo de la tecnología o sin ella. Por otro lado, hemos justificado la realización de nuestra investigación por medio de aspectos académicos, curriculares y personales para poder mostrar la pertinencia del presente trabajo. El marco teórico empleado pertenece a la Teoría de Registros de Representación Semiótica (TRRS) de Duval (1995), mediante el cual podremos analizar las coordinaciones realizadas por los estudiantes cuando resuelvan una situación problema. El referencial metodológico empleado es Aspectos de la Ingeniería Didáctica (ID) de Artigue (1995), cuya estructura guiará nuestra tesis. Con respecto a la etapa experimental, se escogieron dos parejas de estudiantes, quienes resolvieron una situación problema de una actividad, en la cual utilizaron el software Geogebra para su realización. Para finalizar, se realizó el análisis de los resultados obtenidos en la situación problema, en el cual se confrontaron los análisis a priori y a posteriori, para observar si los resultados obtenidos fueron los esperados por el investigador. Siendo así, se concluye que el software Geogebra favorece la conversión de representaciones en el registro algebraico para representaciones en el registro gráfico. Por otro lado, el uso de la TRRS permitió identificar las dificultades por las cuales los estudiantes no lograron la coordinación de registros. / The main objective of the present work is to analyze the coordination of the Representations in the Registries of Semiotic Representation (graphic-algebraic-natural language), that students of Economics, of a public university in Lima, perform when they develop a problem issue related to the Lagrange Multiplier (LM) to carry out this thesis, we have reviewed research backgrounds that has have as a mathematical object of study the LM, whether it is with the use of technology or without it. Also, we have reviewed and analysed the applications that are presented in the experiments carried out in those investigations, as well as the use of the instruments used for data collection, which serves as a guide for the design of the activities present in the problem situation . On the other hand, we have justified the realization of our research taking into account the academic, curricular, personal and professional aspects in order to show the relevance of the execution of our work. The theoretical framework use is that of the Theory of Registries of Semiotic Representation (TRRS) of Duval (1995), provides us with valuable and necessary tools to understand and interpret the transformations made by the subjects of research when a problem situation occurs. Likewise, we have chosen as a methodological reference aspect of the Didactic Engineering (ID) of Artigue (1995) whose structure will guide our tesis. To carry out the experimental stage, we have chosen two couples who will participate in a problematic situation, composed of two activities, in wich they used the Geogebra software for its realization. Finally, an analusis was made of the results obtained from the problematic situation, in wich we compared the a priori analysis and the a posteriori analysis, the characteristic of the ID, to observe whether the results were or were not predicted by the researcher. Thus, it is conclude that the use of the GeoGebra software favours the conversion of representations in the algebraic register for representations in the graphic register. On the other hand, the TRRS allows us to explain how conversions and treatments are developed, also to identify the difficulties for which students do not manage to coordinate.

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2008-2009 / La première partie de ce mémoire de maîtrise concerne principalement la validation d'une méthode de calcul des forces et moment instationnaires sur des corps mobiles dans une méthode lagrangienne par particules vortex. La méthodologie développée ne requiert pas la pression, une variable qui n'est plus disponible directement dans notre algorithme lagrangien. La seconde partie vise l'optimisation de systèmes de deux ailes oscillantes à l'aide de simulations numériques en deux dimensions. Les ailes oscillantes considérées effectuent un mouvement de pilonnement (translation transverse) et de tangage (rotation) dans un écoulement pour en soutirer de l'énergie. Dans la configuration en tandem, pour laquelle les ailes sont une derrière l'autre, le positionnement de l'aile arrière influence grandement l'efficacité, qui peut atteindre 40% avec un placement adéquat. Dans la configuration en parallèle, pour laquelle les ailes sont une au-dessus de l'autre, les rendements maximaux atteints sont de l'ordre de 30% en raison de l'augmentation intrinsèque de la fenêtre d'écoulement.