Multiple gravity assist (MGA) spacecraft trajectories can be difficult to find, an intractable problem to solve completely. However, these trajectories have enormous benefits for missions to challenging destinations such as outer planets and primitive bodies. Techniques are presented to aid in solving this problem with a global search tool and additional investigation into one particular proximity operations option is discussed. Explore is a global grid-search MGA trajectory pathsolving tool. An efficient sequential tree search eliminates v∞ discontinuities and prunes trajectories. Performance indices may be applied to further prune the search, with multiple objectives handled by allowing these indices to change between trajectory segments and by pruning with a Pareto-optimality ranking. The MGA search is extended to include deep space maneuvers (DSM), v∞ leveraging transfers (VILT) and low-thrust (LT) transfers. In addition, rendezvous or nπ sequences can patch the transfers together, enabling automatic augmentation of the MGA sequence. Details of VILT segments and nπ sequences are presented: A boundaryvalue problem (BVP) VILT formulation using a one-dimensional root-solve enables inclusion of an efficient class of maneuvers with runtime comparable to solving ballistic transfers. Importantly, the BVP VILT also allows the calculation of velocity-aligned apsidal maneuvers (VAM), including inter-body transfers and orbit insertion maneuvers. A method for automated inclusion of nπ transfers such as resonant returns and back-flip trajectories is introduced: a BVP is posed on the v∞ sphere and solved with one or more nπ transfers – which may additionally fulfill specified science objectives. The nπ sequence BVP is implemented within the broader search, combining nπ and other transfers in the same trajectory. To aid proximity operations around small bodies, analytical methods are used to investigate stability regions in the presence of significant solar radiation pressure (SRP) and body oblateness perturbations. The interactions of these perturbations allow for heliotropic orbits, a stable family of low-altitude orbits investigated in detail. A novel constrained double-averaging technique analytically determines inclined heliotropic orbits. This type of knowledge is uniquely valuable for small body missions where SRP and irregular body shape are very important and where target selection is often a part of the mission design.

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Nowadays disabled persons are actively integrated into social life. Different compensatory equipment allows them to work and travel independently and one of such means is the wheelchair. Not every disabled person has possibilities to travel by his own car, it is more convenient to use public transport facilities. Transportation safety of the wheelchair users is one of the most important problems facing engineers and transit providers, becouse improperly or totally unsecured wheelchair can lose the stability and tip over during the emergency driving situations. The main object of the scientific research work is complex dynamic system "Man - Wheelchair - Vehicle", whis is under action of environmental factors (road roughness, motion oscillations of vehicle). The main tasks of the work are to form and research nonlinear model of dynamic system considered and to define system's stability limits, providing means for safe travel; to determine main characteristics of the external action and analyze its influence on to dynamic system; to build engineering computation methodology for estimation of the rational parameters to fasten the wheelchair to the vehicle.

Les bassins de retenue des eaux pluviales sont utilisés pour préserver la qualité des eaux réceptrices par sédimentation pendant le temps de pluie. Cependant, les efficacités du bassins n'étaient pas satisfaisants en raison de la mal compréhension du processus de sédimentation. Afin de mieux comprendre ces processus dans des ouvrages in situ, cette thèse porte à la fois sur des expérimentations in situ et sur les modélisations de l'hydrodynamique et du transport particulaire dans les bassins de retenue pilotes et in situ. Cette recherche s'est appuyée en grande partie sur le bassin Django Reinhardt (BDR) à Chassieu (volume: 32000 m3, surface: 11000 m2) dans le cadre de l'OTHU et sur les données expérimentales obtenues par Dufresne (2008) et Vosswinkel et al. (2012). Les échantillons de sédiments ont été prélevés et leurs caractéristiques physiques ont été analysées en laboratoire dans le but de cerner leur distribution spatiale. Concernant la modélisation numérique, les simulations de l'hydrodynamique en régime permanent ont été réalisées à l'aide du logiciel CFD Fluent et ont été évaluées à partir de l'analyse de corrélation entre le comportement hydrodynamique du bassin et la distribution spatiale des caractéristiques physiques des sédiments. Les conditions limites sur le fond couramment utilisées et largement décrites dans la littérature ont été testées dans le but de représenter la distribution spatiale des sédiments et l'efficacité de décantation du BDR. Les conditions testées sont : i) contrainte de cisaillement critique ou bed shear stress - BSS et ii) énergie cinétique turbulente critique ou bed turbulent kinetic energy - BTKE. L'approche Euler-Lagrange dite " particle tracking " a été mise en œuvre. En raison de l'échec de prédiction des zones de dépôt à l'aide des conditions limites disponibles (BSS et BTKE), une nouvelle relation a été proposée pour estimer le seuil BTKE. La condition à la limite obtenue en utilisant cette nouvelle relation a été testée sur un bassin pilote (Dufresne, 2008) et sur le BDR en régime permanent. Les résultats obtenus n'étaient pas très satisfaisants concernant la prédiction des zones de dépôt et l'efficacité de décantation dans le bassin BDR, même en considérant une distribution granulométrique non uniforme. Afin de mieux prédire les zones de dépôt dans le BDR, une nouvelle méthode a été proposée en considérant le transport des particules, leur décantation et leur érosion en régime transitoire. Sur la base de la méthode proposée pour le transport des particules, la décantation et l'érosion en régime transitoire, plusieurs modélisations avec différentes conditions limites ont été réalisées dans un bassin de retenue pilote rectangulaire (Vosswinkel et al., 2012). Les prédictions des efficacités et des zones de dépôt en régime transitoire avec la méthode proposée sont satisfaisantes

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No presente trabalho estudam-se diferentes técnicas explícitas, em diferenças finitas, no emprego de algoritmos do tipo velocidade-pressão para simulação de escoamentos incompressíveis. O método de resolução da pressão de maneira direta e explícita, introduzido por Bravo e Claeyssen [BRA 97a], é analisado. Faz-se uma aproximação para o erro causado por esta técnica, e verifica-se como isto afeta a equação da continuidade. As simulações são realizadas na cavidade quadrada, comparando-se os diferentes métodos e validando as aproximações realizadas no estudo do método de resolução da pressão. Além disso, simula-se o escoamento em cavidades profundas e rasas, observandose a formação de vórtices e distribuição de energia cinética. Simulações do escoamento na cavidade cúbica também são apresentadas. / In this work different explicit technics in finite defferences in the application of velocity-pressure algorithm to simulate incompressible flows have been studied. The direct and explicit method of pressure resolution, introduced by Bravo anel Claeyssen [BRA 97a] is analyzed. An approximation to the error caused by this method is made, anel how this affects the continuity equation is verified. The simulations are maele in a square cavity, comparing the differents methoels anel valielating the approximations maele in the study of the pressure resolution method. Besieles this, flow in eleep and shallow cavities is simulateel, observing the formation of vortices and kinetic energy distribution. Simulations of the flow in the cubical cavity are also considered.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:52:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000755405.pdf: 721229 bytes, checksum: a665c9ee190d3a2675b924dd4bb2c525 (MD5) / As origens da Teoria dos Invariantes na Inglaterra e o Mécanique Analytique de Lagrange (1788), é um trabalho voltado principalmente a entender uma possível influência que levou George Boole em 1841, a escrever o artigo Exposition of a General Theory of Linear Transformations e verificar se a motivação que o fez produzir este trabalho é igual ou diferente da motivação que ele exerceu sobre Arthur Cayley e consequentemente sobre James Joseph Sylvester. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo das origens da Teoria dos Invariantes, no século XIX na Inglaterra. De acordo com os historiadores da Matemática o marco do início desta Teoria foi a publicação de George Boole em 1841. Assumimos este artigo como referência principal para realizar nossa pesquisa. Analisamos “antes” e “após” esta publicação de 1841. Concluímos que o Mécanique Analytique de Lagrange, foi a principal motivação para George Boole escrever seu trabalho e, certamente, George Boole foi uma grande influência para Arthur Cayley no que condiz com a escolha do assunto “invariantes” bem como o desenvolvimento desta Teoria por Cayley / The origins of the theory of invariants in England and Mécanique Analytique of Lagrange (1788), is a work geared primarily to understand a possible influence that led George Boole in 1841, writing the article Exposition of the General Theory of Linear Transformations and verify that the motivation that did produce this work is equal or different of the motivation that he exerted on Arthur Cayley and James Joseph Sylvester consequently. This paper presents a study of the Invariant Theory origins, in the nineteenth century in England. According to historians of Mathematics the beginning of this Theory was the publication in 1841 of George Boole. We have taken this article as a reference to our research. We have proposed to analyzed before and after this publication, 1841. We conclude that the Mécanique Analytique Lagrange, was the essential motivation for George Boole write his work, and certainly George Boole was a great influence to Arthur Cayley in which matches the choice of subject invariants as well as the development of this Theory by Cayley

O fenômeno de perda de circulação é consequência da perfuração de poços de petróleo e gás em substratos permeáveis e é caracterizado pelo influxo de fluido de perfuração da região anular para a formação. Além dos custos adicionais relacionados com a necessidade constante de reposição do fluido perdido, danos à formação nas adjacências do poço são de ocorrência comum. Uma potencial solução é a adição de materiais de perda de circulação (LCM’s) ao fluido de perfuração para que uma camada de reboco se forme na parede do poço em filtração dinâmica. Neste trabalho, o escoamento bifásico líquido-sólido é simulado numericamente através de uma abordagem de Euler-Lagrange para representar o crescimento do reboco na interface poço-formação. A região anular do poço é idealizada como um canal vertical de seção transversal retangular em contato com um meio poroso anisotrópico, o qual é concebido na escala do poro (heterogêneo) como um arranjo de cilindros alternados. O escoamento particulado é ascendente e eventualmente as partículas, as quais representam o LCM, abandonam o canal adentrando o meio poroso onde pode ocorrer a geração do reboco. A simulação é realizada através do Método de Fase Discreta Densa (DDPM) no qual as equações da fase sólida e fluida são solucionadas separadamente. O Método dos Elementos Discretos (DEM) é empregado para calcular as interações de contato (colisão e atrito). A caracterização do combate à perda de circulação é realizada através da redução da vazão de fuga ao longo do tempo. Resultados mostram o efeito da variação do número de Reynolds no canal (125, 250, 500), da vazão inicial de fuga (5, 10, 20%), do diâmetro das partículas (0,50; 0,75; 1,00 mm), da razão de massa específica partícula-fluido (1,5; 2,5) e da configuração do meio poroso (porosidade, número de cilindros e garganta de poro). A eficiência do reboco na redução da vazão de fuga recai na formação de um plugue de partículas que seja capaz de obturar toda a altura do meio poroso, não permitindo que haja gargantas de poros desobstruídas. Tal aspecto é favorecido pela redução do diâmetro e da razão de massa específica, bem como pelo aumento do Reynolds e da vazão inicial de fuga. / The lost circulation is a consequence of the well drilling in a permeable substrate, being characterized by the drilling fluid influx to the porous formation. Despite the additional costs associated with the need of continuous fluid replacement, another misfortune is the irreversible formation damage due to the fluid invasion, which may reflect negatively throughout the productive life of the well. Therefore, it is of utter importance to make use of preventive and corrective techniques, like the addition of lost circulation materials (LCM) to the drilling fluid. The LCM particles deposit over the porous formation under dynamic filtration and create a mud cake (filter cake) that helps diminishing the fluid invasion flow rate. In this work, the liquid-solid two-phase flow is numerically simulated via an Euler-Lagrange approach to represent the mud cake growth. The well annular region is considered as a vertical channel bounded by an anisotropic porous formation. The porous medium is conceived in the pore-scale as a periodic array of staggered cylinders. The fluid flows upward through the channel carrying the solid particles that mimic the LCM’s. The particles might eventually get into the porous formation and deposit, creating the mud cake. The equations for the fluid flow and for the particles movement are solved separately via the Dense Discrete Phase Model (DDPM). The particle-particle and particle-wall interactions like collision and friction are calculated via the Discrete Element Methods that is coupled to the DDPM. The effectiveness of the lost circulation mitigation is evaluated mainly by the decrease in the fluid invasion flow rate over time. The results demonstrate the influence of the variation of the Reynolds number on the channel (125, 250, 500), the initial fluid invasion flow rate (5, 10, 20%), the particles diameter (0.50, 0.75, 1.00 mm), the particle-fluid specific mass ratio (1.5, 2.5) and the configuration of the porous medium (porosity, number of cylinders and pore throat).

No presente trabalho estudam-se diferentes técnicas explícitas, em diferenças finitas, no emprego de algoritmos do tipo velocidade-pressão para simulação de escoamentos incompressíveis. O método de resolução da pressão de maneira direta e explícita, introduzido por Bravo e Claeyssen [BRA 97a], é analisado. Faz-se uma aproximação para o erro causado por esta técnica, e verifica-se como isto afeta a equação da continuidade. As simulações são realizadas na cavidade quadrada, comparando-se os diferentes métodos e validando as aproximações realizadas no estudo do método de resolução da pressão. Além disso, simula-se o escoamento em cavidades profundas e rasas, observandose a formação de vórtices e distribuição de energia cinética. Simulações do escoamento na cavidade cúbica também são apresentadas. / In this work different explicit technics in finite defferences in the application of velocity-pressure algorithm to simulate incompressible flows have been studied. The direct and explicit method of pressure resolution, introduced by Bravo anel Claeyssen [BRA 97a] is analyzed. An approximation to the error caused by this method is made, anel how this affects the continuity equation is verified. The simulations are maele in a square cavity, comparing the differents methoels anel valielating the approximations maele in the study of the pressure resolution method. Besieles this, flow in eleep and shallow cavities is simulateel, observing the formation of vortices and kinetic energy distribution. Simulations of the flow in the cubical cavity are also considered.

Au cours des dernières décennies, l’étude de la dynamique autour des points de Lagrange des systèmes Terre-Lune (EMLi) et Terre-Soleil (SELi) a ouvert de nouvelles possibilités pour les orbites et les transferts spatiaux. Souvent modélisés comme des Problèmes à Trois Corps (CR3BP) distincts, ces deux systèmes ont également été combinés pour produire des trajectoiresà faible coût dans le système Terre-Lune-Soleil étendu. Cette approximation (PACR3BP) a permis de mettre en évidence un réseau à faible énergie de trajectoires (LEN) qui relie la Terre, la Lune, EML1,2 et SEL1,2. Cependant, pour chaque trajectoire calculée, le PACR3BP nécessite une connexion arbitraire entre les CR3BPs, ce qui complique son utilisation systématique. Cette thèse vise à mettre en place une modélisation à quatre corps non autonome pour l’étude du LEN basé sur un système Hamiltonien périodique cohérent, le Problème Quasi-Bicirculaire (QBCP). Tout d’abord, la Méthode de Paramétrisation est appliquée afin d’obtenir une représentation semi-analytique des variétés invariantes autour de chaque point de Lagrange. Une recherche systématique de connexions EML1,2-SEL1,2 peut alors être effectuée dans l’espace des paramètres : les conditions initiales sur la variété centrale-instable de EML1,2 sont propagées et les trajectoires résultantes sont projetées sur la variété centrale de SEL1,2 . Un transfert est détecté lorsque la distance de projection est proche de zéro. Les familles de transfert obtenues sont corrigées dans un modèle newtonien haute-fidélité du système solaire. La structure globale des connections est largement préservée et valide l’utilisation du QBCP comme modèle de base du LEN. / In recent decades, the dynamics about the libration points of the Sun-Earth (SELi) and Earth-Moon (EMLi ) systems have been increasingly studied and used, both in terms of transfer trajectory computation and nominal orbit design. Often seen as two distinct Circular Restricted Three Body Problems (CR3BP), both systems have also been combined to produce efficient transfers in the Sun-Earth-Moon system. This patched CR3BP approximation (PACR3BP) allowed to uncover a low-energy network (LEN) of trajectories that interconnect the Earth, the Moon, EML1,2 and SEL1,2 . However, for every computed trajectory, the PACR3BP requires an arbitrary connection between the CR3BPs, which limits its use in a systematic tool. This thesis introduces a single non-autonomous four-body framework for the study of the LEN based on a coherent periodically-forced Hamiltonian system, the Quasi-Bicircular Problem (QBCP). First, the Parameterization Method is applied in order to obtain high-order, periodic, semi-analytical parameterizations of the invariant manifolds about each libration point. A systematic search for EML1,2 -SEL1,2 connections can then be performed in the parameterization space: initial conditions on the center-unstable manifold at EML1,2 are propagated and projected on the center manifold at SEL1,2. A transfer is found each time that the distance of projection is close to zero. These trajectories are refined as solutions of a Boundary Value Problem, which uncover families of natural transfers, later transitioned into a higher-fidelity model. The global structure of the connecting orbits is largely preserved, which validates the QBCP as a relevant model for the LEN.