The nature of the relationship between the Pitted Ware Culture and the Boat Axe Culture has dominated Swedish Middle Neolithic research, since the question was raised a century ago. Basically, the debate is concerned with whether or not the two material cultures express two different ethnical groups. Proponents for the currently established perspective stress that the cultures represent two distinct ethnic groups. A large amount of research has focused on identifying differences between the two cultures in the archaeological record. This study will test an alternative approach to the archaeology of the Middle Neolithic. Rather than presuming an antithetical relationship between the two cultures attention will be given to investigating the relationship between the Pitted Ware Culture and the Boat Axe Culture. This will be done by a landscape centered approach. In the first case I will test the conventional opinion expressing that the two cultures are spatially separated to the coast and the inland. In addition, the analysis seeks to understand how different activities were located in relation to various landscape phenomena. In the second case study, phenomenology and current landscape theory combined with a viewshed GIS-analysis will form the basis for a discussion regarding the localisation and function of the Pitted Ware sites. In the third case I will discuss connective features of the Middle Neolithic landscapes in the Lake Hjälmaren area. Focus will be given to the long-term processes and the reproduction of the cultural landscapes over time. Based on the results, I will propose that the Middle Neolithic archaeological record, rather than being the result of two ethnic groups, express a dynamic and active society that manifests itself through a variety of different places, which were maintained for specific purposes.

Virtual 3D city and landscape models are the main subject investigated in this thesis. They digitally represent urban space and have many applications in different domains, e.g., simulation, cadastral management, and city planning. Visualization is an elementary component of these applications. Photo-realistic visualization with an increasingly high degree of detail leads to fundamental problems for comprehensible visualization. A large number of highly detailed and textured objects within a virtual 3D city model may create visual noise and overload the users with information. Objects are subject to perspective foreshortening and may be occluded or not displayed in a meaningful way, as they are too small. In this thesis we present abstraction techniques that automatically process virtual 3D city and landscape models to derive abstracted representations. These have a reduced degree of detail, while essential characteristics are preserved. After introducing definitions for model, scale, and multi-scale representations, we discuss the fundamentals of map generalization as well as techniques for 3D generalization. The first presented technique is a cell-based generalization of virtual 3D city models. It creates abstract representations that have a highly reduced level of detail while maintaining essential structures, e.g., the infrastructure network, landmark buildings, and free spaces. The technique automatically partitions the input virtual 3D city model into cells based on the infrastructure network. The single building models contained in each cell are aggregated to abstracted cell blocks. Using weighted infrastructure elements, cell blocks can be computed on different hierarchical levels, storing the hierarchy relation between the cell blocks. Furthermore, we identify initial landmark buildings within a cell by comparing the properties of individual buildings with the aggregated properties of the cell. For each block, the identified landmark building models are subtracted using Boolean operations and integrated in a photo-realistic way. Finally, for the interactive 3D visualization we discuss the creation of the virtual 3D geometry and their appearance styling through colors, labeling, and transparency. We demonstrate the technique with example data sets. Additionally, we discuss applications of generalization lenses and transitions between abstract representations. The second technique is a real-time-rendering technique for geometric enhancement of landmark objects within a virtual 3D city model. Depending on the virtual camera distance, landmark objects are scaled to ensure their visibility within a specific distance interval while deforming their environment. First, in a preprocessing step a landmark hierarchy is computed, this is then used to derive distance intervals for the interactive rendering. At runtime, using the virtual camera distance, a scaling factor is computed and applied to each landmark. The scaling factor is interpolated smoothly at the interval boundaries using cubic Bézier splines. Non-landmark geometry that is near landmark objects is deformed with respect to a limited number of landmarks. We demonstrate the technique by applying it to a highly detailed virtual 3D city model and a generalized 3D city model. In addition we discuss an adaptation of the technique for non-linear projections and mobile devices. The third technique is a real-time rendering technique to create abstract 3D isocontour visualization of virtual 3D terrain models. The virtual 3D terrain model is visualized as a layered or stepped relief. The technique works without preprocessing and, as it is implemented using programmable graphics hardware, can be integrated with minimal changes into common terrain rendering techniques. Consequently, the computation is done in the rendering pipeline for each vertex, primitive, i.e., triangle, and fragment. For each vertex, the height is quantized to the nearest isovalue. For each triangle, the vertex configuration with respect to their isovalues is determined first. Using the configuration, the triangle is then subdivided. The subdivision forms a partial step geometry aligned with the triangle. For each fragment, the surface appearance is determined, e.g., depending on the surface texture, shading, and height-color-mapping. Flexible usage of the technique is demonstrated with applications from focus+context visualization, out-of-core terrain rendering, and information visualization. This thesis presents components for the creation of abstract representations of virtual 3D city and landscape models. Re-using visual language from cartography, the techniques enable users to build on their experience with maps when interpreting these representations. Simultaneously, characteristics of 3D geovirtual environments are taken into account by addressing and discussing, e.g., continuous scale, interaction, and perspective. / Gegenstand der Arbeit sind virtuelle 3D-Stadt- und Landschaftsmodelle, die den städtischen Raum in digitalen Repräsentationen abbilden. Sie werden in vielfältigen Anwendungen und zu unterschiedlichen Zwecken eingesetzt. Dabei ist die Visualisierung ein elementarer Bestandteil dieser Anwendungen. Durch realitätsnahe Darstellung und hohen Detailgrad entstehen jedoch zunehmend fundamentale Probleme für eine verständliche Visualisierung. So führt beispielsweise die hohe Anzahl von detailliert ausmodellierten und texturierten Objekten eines virtuellen 3D-Stadtmodells zu Informationsüberflutung beim Betrachter. In dieser Arbeit werden Abstraktionsverfahren vorgestellt, die diese Probleme behandeln. Ziel der Verfahren ist die automatische Transformation virtueller 3D-Stadt- und Landschaftsmodelle in abstrakte Repräsentationen, die bei reduziertem Detailgrad wichtige Charakteristika erhalten. Nach der Einführung von Grundbegriffen zu Modell, Maßstab und Mehrfachrepräsentationen werden theoretische Grundlagen zur Generalisierung von Karten sowie Verfahren zur 3D-Generalisierung betrachtet. Das erste vorgestellte Verfahren beschreibt die zellbasierte Generalisierung von virtuellen 3DStadtmodellen. Es erzeugt abstrakte Repräsentationen, die drastisch im Detailgrad reduziert sind, erhält dabei jedoch die wichtigsten Strukturen, z.B. das Infrastrukturnetz, Landmarkengebäude und Freiflächen. Dazu wird in einem vollautomatischen Verfahren das Eingabestadtmodell mithilfe des Infrastrukturnetzes in Zellen zerlegt. Pro Zelle wird abstrakte Gebäudegeometrie erzeugt, indem die enthaltenen Einzelgebäude mit ihren Eigenschaften aggregiert werden. Durch Berücksichtigung gewichteter Elemente des Infrastrukturnetzes können Zellblöcke auf verschiedenen Hierarchieebenen berechnet werden. Weiterhin werden Landmarken gesondert berücksichtigt: Anhand statistischer Abweichungen der Eigenschaften der Einzelgebäudes von den aggregierten Eigenschaften der Zelle werden Gebäude gegebenenfalls als initiale Landmarken identifiziert. Schließlich werden die Landmarkengebäude aus den generalisierten Blöcken mit Booleschen Operationen ausgeschnitten und realitätsnah dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse des Verfahrens lassen sich in interaktiver 3D-Darstellung einsetzen. Das Verfahren wird beispielhaft an verschiedenen Datensätzen demonstriert und bezüglich der Erweiterbarkeit diskutiert. Das zweite vorgestellte Verfahren ist ein Echtzeit-Rendering-Verfahren für geometrische Hervorhebung von Landmarken innerhalb eines virtuellen 3D-Stadtmodells: Landmarkenmodelle werden abhängig von der virtuellen Kameradistanz vergrößert, so dass sie innerhalb eines spezifischen Entfernungsintervalls sichtbar bleiben; dabei wird ihre Umgebung deformiert. In einem Vorverarbeitungsschritt wird eine Landmarkenhierarchie bestimmt, aus der die Entfernungsintervalle für die interaktive Darstellung abgeleitet werden. Zur Laufzeit wird anhand der virtuellen Kameraentfernung je Landmarke ein dynamischer Skalierungsfaktor bestimmt, der das Landmarkenmodell auf eine sichtbare Größe skaliert. Dabei wird der Skalierungsfaktor an den Intervallgrenzen durch kubisch interpoliert. Für Nicht-Landmarkengeometrie in der Umgebung wird die Deformation bezüglich einer begrenzten Menge von Landmarken berechnet. Die Eignung des Verfahrens wird beispielhaft anhand verschiedener Datensätze demonstriert und bezüglich der Erweiterbarkeit diskutiert. Das dritte vorgestellte Verfahren ist ein Echtzeit-Rendering-Verfahren, das eine abstrakte 3D-Isokonturen-Darstellung von virtuellen 3D-Geländemodellen erzeugt. Für das Geländemodell wird eine Stufenreliefdarstellung für eine Menge von nutzergewählten Höhenwerten erzeugt. Das Verfahren arbeitet ohne Vorverarbeitung auf Basis programmierbarer Grafikkarten-Hardware. Entsprechend erfolgt die Verarbeitung in der Prozesskette pro Geometrieknoten, pro Dreieck, und pro Bildfragment. Pro Geometrieknoten wird zunächst die Höhe auf den nächstliegenden Isowert quantisiert. Pro Dreieck wird dann die Konfiguration bezüglich der Isowerte der drei Geometrieknoten bestimmt. Anhand der Konfiguration wird eine geometrische Unterteilung vorgenommen, so dass ein Stufenausschnitt entsteht, der dem aktuellen Dreieck entspricht. Pro Bildfragment wird schließlich die finale Erscheinung definiert, z.B. anhand von Oberflächentextur, durch Schattierung und Höheneinfärbung. Die vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten werden mit verschiedenen Anwendungen demonstriert. Die Arbeit stellt Bausteine für die Erzeugung abstrakter Darstellungen von virtuellen 3D-Stadt und Landschaftsmodellen vor. Durch die Orientierung an kartographischer Bildsprache können die Nutzer auf bestehende Erfahrungen bei der Interpretation zurückgreifen. Dabei werden die charakteristischen Eigenschaften 3D geovirtueller Umgebungen berücksichtigt, indem z.B. kontinuierlicher Maßstab, Interaktion und Perspektive behandelt und diskutiert werden.

Understanding of the shape and size of different features of human body from the scanned data is necessary for automated design and evaluation of product ergonomics. The traditional method of finding required body dimensions by manual measurements (Anthropometry) has many sociological, logistical and technical drawbacks such as prolonged time, skilled researcher for consistency and accuracy of measurements, undesirable physical contact between the subject and the researcher, required presence of people from different demographic categories or travel of researcher with equipments. If these di- mensions are extracted from the stored digital human models, above drawbacks can be eliminated. With the emergence of laser based 3d scanners, it is now possible generate a large database of surface models of humans from different demographic backgrounds but the automatic processing of 3d meshes is under development. Though some commercial packages are available for extraction of a limited number of dimensions from full body scans, mostly belonging to topologically separable body parts like hands and legs, the dimensions associated with head and face are particularly not available in public domain. The processing of surface models of head and face from the automatic measurement point of view is also not discussed in literature though this type of data has many practical applications like ergonomic design of close-fitting products like respiratory masks,ophthalmic frames (spectacles), helmets and similar head-mounted devices; Creation of a facial feature database for face modeling coding and reconstruction and for use in forensic sciences; Automated anthropological surveys and Medical growth analysis and aesthetic surgery planning. Hence, in this thesis, a computational framework is developed for automatic detection, recognition and measurement of important facial features namely eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth and moustache (if applicable) from scanned head and shoulder polyhedral models. After preprocessing the scanned mesh manually to fill holes and remove singular vertices, discrete differential geometric operators were implemented to compute surface normals and curvatures. Mean curvature magnitude was used as the primary metric to segment the mesh using morphological watershed algorithms which treat the mesh as a height map and separate the regions according to the water catchment basins. After visualization it was hypothesized that the important facial features consist of relatively high curvature regions and based on this hypothesis a much faster approach was then employed based on mathematical morphology to group the high curvature vertices into regions based on adjacency. The important feature regions isolated this way were then identified and labeled to be belonging to different facial features by a decision tree based on their relative spatial disposition. Adaptive selection of parameters was incorporated later to ensure robustness of this algorithm. Critical points of these identified features are recognized as the standard landmarks associated with those primary facial features. A number of clinically identified landmarks lie on the facial mid-line. An efficient algorithm is proposed for detection and processing of the mid-line using a point sampling technique which is fast and has immunity to noise in the data. An algorithm to find shortest path between two vertices while traveling along the edges is implemented to measure on-surface distances and to isolate the nose. Complete program comprising of curvature and surface normal computations, seg- mentation and identification of 6 important features, facial mid-line processing, detection of total 17 landmarks and shortest path computations to separate nose takes about 2 minutes to work including visualization on a full resolution mesh of typically 2,15,521 Vertices and 4,30,560 Faces. The algorithm was tested successfully on more than 40 faces with minor exceptions. The results match human perception. The computed measurements were also compared with the physical measurements for a few subjects, the measurements were found to be in good agreement and satisfactory for its usage in product ergonomics and clinical applications.

No description available.

No description available.

L’originalité de cette recherche est de s’intéresser aux caractéristiques de l’environnement physique et à leur impact sur les capacités de navigation et de mémoire spatiale. Ce domaine jusqu’alors peu investigué, représente pourtant un enjeu sociétal pour l’autonomie et le bien-être de la personne. Des difficultés de navigation ont notamment été décrites dans le vieillissement normal et la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) dès le stade débutant. Or, l’environnement physique peut soutenir les capacités/compétences spatiales des individus, ou au contraire les perturber. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’évaluer l’effet structurant des éléments d’un environnement réel riche en repères, le jardin thérapeutique « art, mémoire et vie » du CHRU de Nancy, sur l’apprentissage d’un trajet et l’acquisition des connaissances spatiales, chez une population de sujets atteints de MA. En effet l'organisation spatiale de ce jardin a été conçue pour contribuer entre autres, à atténuer les difficultés de ces personnes en termes de cognition spatiale.L’ensemble des éléments du jardin a été répertorié et intégré dans une classification inspirée des travaux de Lynch (1960) et Zeisel et Tyson (1999). Trente sujets à un stade léger à modéré de la MA et 30 sujets âgés sains appariés ont réalisé le protocole suivant : (1) un apprentissage de trajet (aller et retour), durant lequel leur description verbale du parcours était enregistrée ; (2) une série de tâches évaluant l’acquisition des connaissances spatiales ; (3) des tests cognitifs standards. Le discours a été retranscrit verbatim et soumis à une analyse de contenu. Les résultats montrent une capacité d’apprentissage de trajet résiduelle significative chez les sujets du groupe MA, tant à l’aller qu’au retour. La répétition du trajet et la richesse de l’environnement en termes de repère semblent avoir contribué à ce résultat. Les performances aux tâches expérimentales ont été croisées avec l’analyse du discours et avec les tests cognitifs standards. Les résultats mettent en évidence un rôle prépondérant de certaines caractéristiques des éléments de l’environnement, telles que la saillance et l’affordance, sur les performances d’apprentissage de trajet et de mémoire spatiale et ceci de manière encore plus marquée chez les sujets du groupe MA. L’effet structurant des éléments de l’environnement est discuté d'une part chez les sujets âgés sains au regard des processus cognitifs impliqués dans la navigation et l’acquisition des connaissances spatiales et d'autre part des processus préservés et dysfonctionnels au cours de la MA / The originality of this research is to focus on the characteristics of the physical environment and their impact on navigation and spatial memory capabilities. This field, until then little investigated, represents a societal stake for the autonomy and the well-being of the person. In particular, navigation difficulties have been described in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the early stage. However, the physical environment can support individuals' spatial abilities/skills, or, on the contrary, disrupt them.The aim of the present study is to assess the structuring effect of the elements of a real environment rich in landmarks, the “art, memory and life” healing garden of the CHRU of Nancy, on route learning, and on the acquisition of the spatial knowledge, in a population of subjects with AD. Indeed, the spatial organization of this garden has been designed to contribute, among other things, to alleviate the difficulties of these people in terms of spatial cognition.All the elements of the garden have been listed and integrated into a classification inspired by the works of Lynch (1960) and Zeisel and Tyson (1999). Thirty subjects with mild to moderate AD and 30 matched healthy subjects underwent the following protocol: (1) route learning (forward and return trips), during which the verbal description of the route was recorded; (2) a series of tasks assessing the acquisition of spatial knowledge of the garden as well as (3) standard cognitive tests. The speech was transcribed verbatim and subjected to a content analysis.The results show a significant residual route learning ability in the MA group, both on the forward and return trips. The repetition of the route and the richness of the environmental landmarks seem to have contributed to this result. Experimental task performances were cross-checked with discourse analysis and standard cognitive tests. The results highlight a preponderant role of certain characteristics of environmental elements, such as saliency and affordance, on the learning performances of route and spatial memory, and this even more markedly in the subjects of the MA group.The structuring effect of the elements of the environment is discussed on the one hand in healthy older subjects with regard to cognitive processes involved in the navigation and acquisition of spatial knowledge and on the other hand preserved and dysfunctional processes in the course of Alzheimer’s disease

The topic of this thesis is called "Technical Landmarks in the Třeboňsko Region and their Application in First Grade Primary School Education." The theoretical part focuses on project teaching and the competencies of the first grade primary school pupil in the area of technical education according to the FEP for basic education, chapter "Humans and Their World (Člověk a jeho svět)". Furthermore, this thesis deals with technical landmarks in the Třeboňsko region. The practical part contains several technical landmarks which may be used as inspiration when creating educational projects for structural and technical education. Some of these projects have been applied in teaching in a small-class primary school. The final part of the thesis contains questionnaires given to first grade primary school teachers to test the indicative functionality of these projects.

Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-10T11:47:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 11498612 bytes, checksum: 9182e9402b0905c4209bc405c726f8cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T11:47:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 11498612 bytes, checksum: 9182e9402b0905c4209bc405c726f8cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / With the advance in the research of mobile robots localization algorithms, the need for natural landmark identification and recognition has increased. The detection of natural landmarks is a challenging task because their appearance can be different in shape and design and, as well, they suffer influence of the environment illumination. As an example, a typical 2D object recognition algorithm may not be able to handle the large optical variety of doors and staircases in large corridors. On another direction, recent improvements in low-cost 3D sensors (of the type RGB-D) enable robots to perceive the environment as a 3D spatial structure. Thus, using this new technology, an algorithm for natural landmark identification and recognition based on images acquired from an RGB-D camera is proposed. Basically, during the identification phase that is a first step for working with landmarks, the algorithm exploits the basic structural knowledge about the landmarks by extracting their edges and creating a cloud of edge points. In the next, the recognition phase, the edges are used with a proposed on-the-fly unsupervised recognition algorithm in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in recognizing doors and staircases. Two methods of recognition have been proposed and results show that a general technique of the two methods passes from the 96 of accuracy. Future approaches propose a mix of these two methods for better results of recognition, as well as inclusion of new objects such as drinking fountains, dumps and compare this modified approach with other approaches that require training, such as nearest K-neighbors, Bayes and neural networks . / Com o avanço na pesquisa de algoritmos de localização de robôs móveis, a necessidade de identificação e reconhecimento de pontos de referência naturais aumentou. A detecção de marcos naturais é uma tarefa desafiadora, porque a sua aparência pode ser diferente em forma e design e, também, eles sofrem influência da iluminação do ambiente. Como um exemplo, um algoritmo de reconhecimento de objeto 2D típico pode não ser capaz de lidar com a grande variedade óptica de portas e escadas em corredores grandes. Em outra direção, as melhorias recentes em sensores 3D de baixo custo (do tipo RGB-D) permitem aos robôs perceber o ambiente como uma estrutura espacial 3D. Assim, usando esta nova tecnologia, um algoritmo para identificação e reconhecimento de marco natural baseado em imagens adquiridas a partir de uma câmera RGB-D é proposto. Basicamente, durante a fase de identificação que é um primeiro passo para trabalhar com marcos, o algoritmo explora o conhecimento estrutural básico sobre os pontos de referência, extraindo suas bordas e criando uma nuvem de pontos de borda. No próxima, a fase de reconhecimento, as arestas são usadas com um algoritmo de reconhecimento não supervisionado proposto on-the-fly para demonstrar a eficácia da abordagem no reconhecimento de portas e escadarias. Dois métodos de Reconhecimento foram propostos e resultados mostram que a eficiência geral dos dois métodos passa dos 96% de Precisão de reconhecimento. Abordagens futuras propõem-se a fusão dos dois métodos para melhores resultados no reconhecimento, bem como inclusão de novos objetos como bebedouros, lixeiras e comparar essa abordagem modificada com outras abordagens que necessitam de treinamento, como K-Neighbouring mais próximo, Bayes e redes neurais.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Knowledge about biology and animal behavior is critical to understanding how a particular organism interacts with its environment. Identifying the sex of individuals is an essential step in conducting behavioral studies. An integral part of animal behavior is communication, which can be intermediated by pheromones. Within different groups, insects are the animals use pheromones the most in order to carry out their fundamental activities. Cratosomus flavofasciatus, a Coleoptera of the Curculionidae family, popularly called the Orange-tree-borer, is considered one of the main citrus pests, occurring in Sergipan orchards. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphological characteristics that allow the sexual differentiation of C. flavosfaciatus and to evaluate the attractiveness of C. flavosfaciatus to the synthetic compounds that make up the pheromone of this species. To verify the sexual dimorphism of C. flavofasciatus, a geometric morphometry analysis was first made using 80 adult individuals of each sex. There were 27 landmarks in the ventral region in each individual. The anatomical landmarks 2, 9, 10, 11, 18, 21 were the ones that contributed most to the distinction between males and females, which represent the region of the rostrum, the final portion of the abdomen and the end of the thorax. For sex confirmation, a withdrawal of the genitalia of both sexes was also performed. In females it was possible to recognize the following structures: sternite VIII and bursa copulatrix. In males, it was possible to observe the gastric spicule and the aedeagus with a pair of parammero. The Procrustes Anova showed significant differences between the sexes (P<0.001) and the size (centroid) in relation to sex (P <0.001), but there was no difference in shape in relation to size (P = 0.229) and the form in relation to sex in conjunction with the size (P = 0.707). Principal component analysis demonstrated an evident differentiation between the genders based on the ventral region of the species. The first two main components explained 51.909% (PC1 + PC2: 39.563% + 12.346%) of the shape variation. The discriminant analysis indicated a significant difference (permutation test = 10,000 permutations; P < 0.001) for the sexual dimorphism of the ventral region. The determination of the adult sex of C. flavofasciatus through the last abdominal sternum is as accurate as the dissection of the genitalia. The behavioral response of C. flavofasciatus to synthetic pheromonal compounds (a mixture of 2-((1R, 2S)-1-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclobutil)ethanol (grandisol), (E)-2-(3,3-dimethyl-cyclohexylidene)ethanol (alcohol E) and (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethyl-cyclohexylidene)ethanol (alcohol Z)) and for their host plants Cordia curassavica (Maria-Preta) and Citrus sinensis (Orange Tree) were evaluated by olfactory tests performed on a Y-tube olfactometer. Both sexes were significantly more attracted to C. sinensis stalks (P <0.05) than to filtered air. Tests with C. curassavica stalk attracted only males (P = 0.02). When the insects had the opportunity to choose between C. curassavica stalks and C. sinensis stalks, males preferred those from C. curassavica (P = 0.01), whereas females showed no significant preference (P> 0.05). The combination of the C. curassavica and C. sinensis volatiles associated with the synthetic pheromone at 100ppm concentration was more attractive for both sexes (P <0.05) than for the control (hexane together with the host plant). On the other hand, at the concentration of 10ppm, only the association with C. curassavica attracted males (P = 0.009). These results can be used as a basis for field testing, contributing to the development of an environmentally safe and effective method for monitoring orange tree borer. / O conhecimento sobre a biologia e o comportamento animal é fundamental para compreensão de como determinado organismo interage com o seu ambiente. A identificação do sexo dos indivíduos é um passo essencial na execução de estudos comportamentais. Um ponto integrante do comportamento animal é a comunicação, a qual pode ser intermediada por feromônios. Dentre os vários grupos, os insetos são os animais que mais utilizam os feromônios para desempenhar suas atividades fundamentais. Cratosomus flavofasciatus, um coleóptero da família Curculionidae, popularmente chamado de broca-da-laranjeira, é considerado uma das principais pragas do citros, apresentando grande ocorrência em pomares sergipanos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar características morfológicas que permitam a diferenciação sexual de C. flavosfaciatus e avaliar a atratividade de C. flavosfaciatus aos compostos sintéticos que compõem o feromônio de agregação dessa espécie e à suas plantas hospedeiras. Para verificar o dimorfismo sexual de C. flavofasciatus, primeiramente foi feito uma análise de morfometria geométrica utilizando 80 indivíduos adultos de cada sexo. Foram feitos 27 marcos anatômicos (landmarks) na região ventral em cada indivíduo. Os marcos anatômicos 2, 9, 10, 11, 18 e 21 foram os que mais contribuíram para a distinção entre machos e fêmeas, os quais representam a região do rostro, a porção final do abdômen e o final do tórax. Para confirmação do sexo, foi realizada também a retirada da genitália de ambos os sexos. Nas fêmeas foi possível o reconhecimento das seguintes estruturas: esternito VIII e bursa copulatrix. Já nos machos foi possível observar a espícula gastral e o edeago com par de parâmeros. A Anova de Procrustes demonstrou diferença significativa da forma (P < 0,001) e do tamanho (centróide) (P < 0,001) entre os sexos, porém não houve diferença da forma em relação ao tamanho (P = 0,229) bem como da forma em relação ao sexo em conjunto com o tamanho (P = 0,707). A análise de componentes principais demonstrou uma evidente diferenciação entre os sexos com base na região ventral da espécie. Os dois primeiros componentes principais explicaram 51,91% (PC1 + PC2: 39,56% + 12,35%) da variação da forma. A análise de discriminantes indicou diferença significativa (teste de permutação = 10000 permutações; P < 0,001) quanto ao dimorfismo sexual da forma da região ventral. A determinação do sexo em adultos de C. flavofasciatus através do último esternito abdominal é tão precisa quanto à dissecação da genitália. A resposta comportamental de C. flavofasciatus aos compostos feromonais sintéticos (mistura de 2-((1R, 2S)-1-metil-2-(prop-1-en-2-il)ciclobutil)etanol (grandisol), (E)-2-(3,3-dimetilciclohexilideno)etanol (álcool E) e (Z)-2-(3,3-dimetilciclohexilideno)etanol (álcool Z)) e para suas plantas hospedeiras Cordia curassavica (Maria-Preta) e Citrus sinensis (Laranjeira) foi avaliada por meio de testes olfativos realizados em um olfatômetro em “Y”. Ambos os sexos foram significativamente mais atraídos para os caules de C. sinensis (P < 0,05) que para o ar filtrado. Já os testes com caules de C. curassavica atraíram significativamente somente os machos (P = 0,02). Quando os insetos tiveram a oportunidade de escolher entre caules de C. curassavica e caules de C. sinensis, os machos preferiram os de C. curassavica (P = 0,01), já as fêmeas não apresentaram preferência significativa (P > 0,05). A combinação dos voláteis de C. curassavica e C. sinensis associadas ao feromônio sintético na concentração de 100ppm foi mais atrativa para ambos os sexos (P < 0,05) que para o controle (hexano juntamente com a planta hospedeira). Por outro lado, na concentração de 10ppm, somente a associação com C. curassavica atraiu apenas os machos (P = 0,009). Tais resultados podem ser utilizados como base para testes de campo, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de um método ambientalmente seguro e eficaz para o monitoramento da broca-da-laranjeira.

O propósito deste trabalho foi mensurar as dimensões dos arcos dentários de crianças com fissuras labiopalatinas, de 3 a 9 meses, antes das cirurgias primárias, e comparar com crianças sem fissura labiopalatina. A amostra foi composta de 223 crianças, divididas em grupos: sem deformidades craniofaciais (G1), fissura pré-forame incompleta (G2), fissura pré-forame completa (G3), fissura transforame unilateral (G4) e fissura transforame bilateral (5). Para avaliação, os arcos dentários superiores das crianças foram moldados com silicona de condensação. Os modelos passaram por um processo de digitalização, por meio de escâner 3D e as medidas utilizadas para a correlação entre os grupos foram realizadas diretamente nas imagens escaneadas. Nas imagens, foram determinados pontos de referência, necessários para a realização das medidas de avaliação. Os resultados mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa na distância intercaninos (DIC) entre G1-G4 (p= 0,000), G1-G5 (p= 0,007), G2-G4 (p= 0,000), G2-G5 (p= 0,000), e G3-G4 (p= 0,008). Para distância intertuberosidades (DIT) foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre: G1-G4 (p= 0,000), G1-G5 (p= 0,000), G2-G4 (p= 0,000), G2-G5 (p= 0,000), G3-G4 (p= 0,009) e G3-G5 (p= 0,000). Para amplitude anterior da fissura unilateral (AAFuni), o G3 apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa com relação ao G4 (p= 0,000) e para amplitude anterior da fissura esquerda (AAFe) e direita (AAFd) com relação ao G5 (p= 0,011 e p= 0,030). Para amplitude posterior da fissura (APF), houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre G4 e G5 (p= 0,013). Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível constatar que as crianças com fissura labiopalatina apresentaram dimensões transversais dos arcos dentários maiores que as crianças sem fissura labiopalatina, de 3 a 9 meses, antes das cirurgias primárias. A DIC foi maior nas crianças com fissura transforame unilateral e a DIT foi maior nas crianças com fissura transforame bilateral em relação aos grupos estudados. Houve aumento significante da AAF e APF nos diferentes tipos de fissura com relação à severidade da fissura de lábio e/ou palato. / The purpose of this study was to measure the dimensions of the dental arches of 3-9 month children with cleft lip and palate, before the primary surgery, and compared them with children without cleft lip and palate. The sample consisted of 223 children, divided into groups: without craniofacial deformities (G1), unilateral cleft lip (G2), unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (G3), unilateral cleft lip and palate (G4) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (5). For evaluation, impressions of the upper dental arches of the children were performed with condensation silicone. The casts underwent a process of scanning through 3D scanner and the measurements used for the correlation among groups were executed directly on the scanned images. On the images, the landmarks required to perform the evaluation measurements were determined. The results showed statistically significant differences in intercanine distance (ICD) between G1 - G4 (p = 0.000), G1 - G5 (p = 0.007), G2 - G4 (p = 0.000), G2 - G5 (p = 0.000), and G3 - G4 (p = 0.008). For the posterior arch width (PAW), the following statistically significant differences were found: between G1 - G4 (p = 0.000), G1 - G5 (p = 0.000), G2 - G4 (p = 0.000), G2 - G5 (p = 0.000), G3 - G4 (p = 0.009), and G3 - G5 (p = 0.000). The unilateral anterior cleft width (UACW) exhibited statistically significant differences between G3 and G4 (p = 0.000); the left (LACW) and right anterior cleft width (RACW) showed differences between G3 and G5 (p = 0.011 and p = 0.030). For posterior cleft width (PCW), statistically significant differences between G4 and G5 (p = 0.013) were found. Based on these results, it was found that 3-9 month cleft lip and palate children had transverse dimensions of the dental arches higher than those without cleft lip and palate, before the primary surgeries. The ICD was higher in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate and PAW was higher in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate among the groups studied. A significant increase in the ACW and PCW of the different cleft types with respect to the severity of cleft lip and / or palate was found.