The practical part of my dissertation is focused on a few esential issues, one of them is the choice of the area of the interest which has to meet some standards : 1) the existence of territorial plan 2) the corresponding area 3) the possibility of meaningful municipality growth with the connections to its surroundings. At the given municipality and its surroundings, the area and municipality characteristics was made. Also local research was conducted, and after that, the landscape character and SWOT analysis followed. The environment, public utilities, conditions for economy development, socio-demographic and water supply and distribution were studied and analysed. Next, studying of the methodology of the country area growth was also neccessary. During preparation, consultations with the purchaser (chairman of the council) were held, where the progress of work was set and mutual standpoints on partial problems conception were discussed. Next step was the territorial-economic rules procedure and discussion and making own concept of the proposal of territorial plan change. Program GIS was used for this plan {--} the output was a map with the current situation and suggested changes.

A paisagem do distrito juizforano de Sarandira, situado na Zona da Mata Mineira, guarda importantes referenciais naturais e culturais. Resquícios históricos do extinto ciclo econômico cafeeiro ainda estão presentes em sua arquitetura. Fragmentos de floresta nativa, recursos hídricos e uma fauna diversificada todos de grande valor ecológico também são encontrados na região. Este patrimônio mais significativo foi identificado ao longo da pesquisa, onde também frisou-se a necessidade de sua conservação. Outro aspecto crucial descrito foi o crescimento da mancha urbana de Juiz de Fora sobre suas terras, processo ainda incipiente, mas que já prenuncia drásticas transformações em sua paisagem para um futuro próximo. Fenômeno este que parece ser muito representativo das políticas públicas nacionais para as zonas rurais, onde persegue-se um modelo de urbanização a todo custo, sem levar em conta suas especificidades. Assim, situa-se a linha central de argumentação deste trabalho, defendendo-se a manutenção daquele patrimônio cada vez mais ameaçado, e sua contextualização diante do atual cenário de crise ambiental e de crescente demanda por qualidade de vida. Neste sentido, concluiu-se que a instituição de uma Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) na região pode ser uma medida valiosa na promoção de melhorias em seus parâmetros sociais, econômicos e ambientais, ressaltando que a criação desta Unidade de Conservação da Natureza teria como objetivo a constituição de uma área piloto, orientada pelos princípios do desenvolvimento sustentável. Por fim, foram esboçadas algumas diretrizes gerais para um plano de paisagem para o distrito levando em conta aspectos ambientais, paisagísticos e aqueles referentes à legislação ambiental. / The region of Sarandira, a district of Juiz de Fora located in the area known as Zona da Mata Mineira, has several important cultural and natural resources. Historical remnants of the economical cycle of coffee can still be found in the local architecture. It is also possible to find fragments of the native forest, as well as water resources and a diversified fauna, all of great ecological value. These valuable resources were recognized during the research phase of the present work, when the need for conservation also became clear. The last issue is specially true when one considers the growth of Juiz de Foras urban area over the region studied, a process which, although only in its beginning, will most certainly cause drastic transformations in the local landscape in a near future. This uncontrolled growth may be regarded as a very representative example of the Brazilian public policy concerning the rural zones, which seeks a fixed model of urbanization without taking into account the particularities of each case. The main goal of this work is to support the protection of this endangered heritage and to fit it in the current scenario of environmental crisis and growing demand for life quality. In this context, it seems clear that the institution of an APA (similar to Protected Landscapes of IUCN) would improve the social, economical and environmental aspects of the region of Sarandira. This protected area could serve as a reference, governed by the principles of sustainable development. As a final contribution of this work, a plan for the landscape of the region studied was outlined, considering not only ecological aspects, but also the active environmental legislation.

Este trabalho trata dos projetos da cidade de Maringá, de seus espaços abertos e das condições para torná-la uma cidade ambientalmente sustentável. Para tanto, apresenta uma breve evolução do pensamento ecológico; trata de conceitos como sustentabilidade e paisagens sustentáveis e suas relações com a forma da cidade. Apresenta abordagens atuais de planejamento da paisagem e enfatiza o papel dos espaços abertos na conformação da cidade. Ressalta a importância desses espaços na proteção dos ecossistemas e na relação do homem com a natureza dentro das cidades. Analisaram-se no estudo a construção da paisagem do Norte do Paraná e a rede de cidades projetada pela companhia colonizadora, os elementos que subsidiaram os projetos das cidades e, mais especificamente, da cidade de Maringá, cujo projeto original teve influência direta das idéias de cidade-jardim. À luz do aparato legislativo vigente, foram avaliados a forma e os processos de construção da paisagem urbana de Maringá e os principais aspectos dos espaços abertos existentes. Sob o enfoque da ecologia da paisagem, foram estabelecidas as condições necessárias para que este sistema se torne uma estrutura ecológica capaz de abrigar os serviços ambientais que sustentariam a cidade. Por fim, são apresentados um plano de estrutura ecológica e diretrizes de projeto para a qualificação da cidade e sua adequação aos pressupostos levantados por esta tese. / This thesis deals about the urban planning and design of Maringá, its open spaces and the needed conditions to turn it into an environmental sustainable city. Thus, it provides a succinct historical account of the ecological thinking, relating concepts such as sustainability and sustainable landscapes, and their interaction with the urban form. It also presents some new approaches to landscape planning and emphasizes the open spaces role in the urban form, in ecosystems protection, and in the relationship between men and nature in the cities. It analyzes the construction of the Northern Paraná State landscape and its originally planned cluster of cities, as well as the basic elements that helped to define each new urban form, especially Maringá, whose urban design was directly influenced by garden-city ideas. In addition to that, the urban form, the landscape construction process as well as the characteristics of Maringá´s open spaces are evaluated considering environmental legislation. Using the principles of landscape ecology, the conditions that this system should present to become a green infrastructure, in order to support the ecological services, are shown. Finally, a plan and spatial strategies to design ecologically sustainable landscapes are proposed to enhance the citys quality and apply the principles presented in this thesis.

abstract: Sustainability research and action in communities should be holistic, integrating sociocultural, biogeophysical, and spiritual components and their temporal and spatial dynamics toward the aim of co-creating thriving living systems. Yet scientists and practitioners still struggle with such integration. Regenerative development (RD) offers a way forward. RD focuses on shifting the consciousness and thinking underlying (un)sustainability as well as their manifestation in the physical world, creating increasingly higher levels of health and vitality for all life across scales. However, tools are nascent and relatively insular. Until recently, no empirical scientific research studies had been published on RD processes and outcomes. My dissertation fills this gap in three complementary studies. The first is an integrative review that contextualizes regenerative development within the fields of sustainability, sustainable design and development, and ecology by identifying its conceptual elements and introducing a regenerative landscape development paradigm. The second study integrates complex adaptive systems science, ecology, sustainability, and regenerative development to construct and pilot the first iteration of a holistic sustainable development evaluation tool—the Regenerative Development Evaluation Tool—in two river restoration projects. The third study builds upon the first two, integrating scientific knowledge with existing RD and sustainable community design and development practices and theory to construct and pilot a Regenerative Community Development (RCD) Framework. Results indicate that the RCD Framework and Tools, when used within a regenerative landscape development paradigm, can facilitate: (1) shifts in thinking and development and design outcomes to holistic and regenerative ones; (2) identification of areas where development and design projects can become more regenerative and ways to do so; and (3) identification of factors that potentially facilitate and impede RCD processes. Overall, this research provides a direction and tools for holistic sustainable development as well as foundational studies for further research. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2019

Historische Kulturlandschaftselemente prägen die regionaltypische Vielfalt und Eigenart der Kulturlandschaft. Insbesondere die biotischen Elemente haben als Zeugen oder Relikte traditioneller Landnutzungen eine hohe Bedeutung für die Biodiversität. In dem Bericht werden 16 biotische historische Kulturlandschaftselemente wie Alleen, Extensiväcker, Gruben, Hecken, Hohlwege, Teiche, Streuobstwiesen und Weinberge beschrieben. Dargestellt wird, wie die Elementtypen historisch entstanden sind, welche Ausprägungen historisch typisch sind, welche Funktionen sie früher hatten, ob und wie sich diese Funktionen gewandelt haben, welche Bedeutung sie für den Arten- und Biotopschutz haben und wie sie erhalten, geschützt und gepflegt werden können. Die Beschreibung ergänzt die als Heft 33/2012 in der Schriftenreihe erschienene Studie »Historische Kulturlandschaften Sachsens«.

Legal concepts of administrative law restricting the right to property Within the legal order a lot of legal concepts can be found which restrict fundamental constitutionally guaranteed right to property, respectively which can restrict it. The dissertation focuses on analysis of selected legal concepts which are regulated by administrative law and through which is interfered with the right to property. In the Czech Republic the right to property is guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and at European level by the Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The thesis is divided into three main chapters which are further divided into individual sub-chapters. The first chapter deals with the characteristic, definition and categorization of particular legal concepts restricting the right to property. The second chapter focuses on the right to property itself, especially on constitutional basis, limits and its protection. In the relation to the topic of the dissertation it is also important to define how these legal concepts are enshrined in the legal order and which form of administrative activities they result in. The third chapter describes the particular forms of administrative activities in relation to the right to property. The...

Kollisionen von Vögeln mit Windturbinen haben sich zu einer bedenklichen Quelle für die Gefährdung besonders von Populationen seltenerer Vogelarten entwickelt. Allerdings wird im Allgemeinen auch bestätigt, dass die Nutzung der Windenergie unverzichtbar ist. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Relevanz der Wechselwirkungen zu verstehen, die zwischen technischen Infrastrukturen und den von Kollisionen betroffenen Vogelarten auf der Landschaftsebene stattfinden. Da sowohl von der Landschaft beeinflusst werden. Unter Nutzung der durch gezielte Nachsuche gefundenen Opfer der am häufigsten von Kollisionen betroffenen Artengruppen paradoxerweise as als Proxy für das Vorkommen von Arten, und Durch die Anwendung verschiedener Techniken zur Modellierung der Artenverbreitung (SDMs) die “kollisionsempfindliche Nische “für jede der Vogelgruppen beschrieben. Obwohl die vorhergesagten Gebiete mit potenziellen Kollisionsrisiko insgesamt nur kleine, aber stark verteilt im ungefährdes Bundeslandes hatten. Greifvögel mit die breiteste Nische, die zudem signifikante Überlappungen mit den kollisionsempfindlichen Nischen der anderen Gruppen aufwies. Die niedrig bewerteten Gebiete weiter differenziert, die als tatsächliche „Bereiche ohne Risiko“ interpretiert wurden, für weitere geplante Winkraftanlagen. Zusätzlich die jeweiligen Potentiale und Gefärdungen für Kollisionen auf der Basis der regionalen Dichteverteilungen der Arten in Brandenburg mit Ensemble-Methoden von Boosted Regression Trees wird ebenfalls bewertet. Zusammenfassend, diese Analysen paradigmatisch, sowohl die Gebiete als auch die Entfernungen zu den Grenzlinien der verschiedenen Landnutzungsformen ein höheres Risiko für die Kollision von Individuen der untersuchten Arten mit Windkraftanlagen ergibt ermitteln . Dieser Ansatz kann es möglich machen, zukünftige Windparkerweiterungen in der Landschaft im die möglichst kollisionsfreie und naturverträglicheStandorte in der Landschaft. / Although, it is well recognized that harnessing wind energy is highly indispensable, but collisions of birds at wind turbines has also developed simultaneously, concerning multiple bird species. With wind being strongly affected by the landscape and the behaviour of birds also being strongly influenced by the landscape, the main objective of the thesis was to understand the relevance of interactions between wind energy infrastructures and bird species from an ecological perspective of the landscape. Utilizing the carcass collision datasets of the frequently-hit bird-groups paradoxically as proxies for species presence, collision sensitive ecological distances to different land-use types were ascertained, by employing multiple techniques of species distribution modelling (SDMs), to delineate their respective collision sensitive niche employing the capabilities of machine learning algorithms. The predicted areas were specialized and highly dispersed across the federal state, with raptors showing the broadest niche and significant overlaps with the other groups. Based on estimated collision probabilities of the assessed areas (between 0 and 1), further segregations differentiated only those areas with negligible collision probabilities, <0.05, which were interpreted as the actual "no risk areas, suggesting any further planned additions of wind turbines to be suitably positioned only in these “safer” areas. Additionally, these collision probabilities were translated to strike susceptibilities, by relating them to the regional density distributions of the species as well. Summarizing, these analyses paradigmatically ascertained collision risk areas, and especially the collision sensitive distances from different land-use types to these areas, enabling the accurate guidance of future wind farm expansions in the landscape. Ultimately, formulating novel wind turbine allocation strategies to minimize avian collisions, making them as compatible as possible.

The growing pressure on natural resources and biodiversity has led to a widespread acknowledgement of the services nature provides for humans. The appropriate representation of the benefits of sustainable land use in decision-making is still a challenge and tools that facilitate land use planning processes are needed. The dissertation presents a multicriteria assessment approach for a qualitative estimation of regional potentials to provide ecosystem services. This approach has been applied in several case studies in Saxony, Eastern Germany and Brasil. The ecosystem services concept builts the methodological framework for the assessment as it offers a universal approach to evaluate the impact of Land use/ Land cover change (LULCC) on human well-being. Since standardized methodical approaches for ecosystem services assessment at the landscape level are lacking, a particular requirement was to conceive a method that is easily transferable to other case study areas. Further the method should enable the use of existing and easily available environmental data, and it should be transparent for stakeholders and decision makers. The results of our study show that the combination of selected ecosystem services and land cover data such as CORINE Land Cover (CLC) can contribute to regional planning by communicating the effect of LULCC on ecosystem services, especially when applied as an evaluation basis in the tool GISCAME. The approach supports also the assessment of the performance of a region to provide ecosystem services and the comparison of regions towards this aspect. In the discussion section, the limitations of the developed approach are discussed. Main sources of uncertainty are related to coarse land cover data, lacking knowledge on the provision of ecosystem services at a landscape scale, and the difficulty to make relevant the ecosystem services concept in regional planning processes.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para um debate sobre a possibilidade de intervenções ou ações para a qualificação urbano-paisagístico-ambiental em áreas de fundo de vale urbanas, um tema relativamente emergente no Brasil, e de relevante interesse e importância em âmbito científico, técnico e legal. Realizada entre os anos de 2011 e 2015, a pesquisa de referência esteve alocada na área de concentração \"Paisagem e Ambiente\", dentro da linha de pesquisa \"Sistemas da Paisagem\", do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAUUSP). O objeto do estudo são as águas urbanas, definidas aqui como os corpos d\'água integrantes do meio ou da paisagem, que compõem um sistema urbano de espaços livres, e que devem ser considerados como espaços da vida cotidiana, tendo suas orlas aproveitadas para fins urbanos diversificados, e não apenas para suporte de infraestruturas como sistema viário ou drenagem. Fruto de uma relação perversa e conflitante entre a sociedade e o meio, as águas urbanas foram, e ainda vêm sendo vistas, no início deste século XXI, de forma excludente do cotidiano urbano, mesmo após a imposição de legislações específicas e de programas públicos. Os impasses para uma efetiva gestão pública dos corpos d\'água são muitos, e isso se dá principalmente devido à não existência de políticas e/ou ações integradas para sua conservação e manejo. Mesmo assim, existe uma realidade possível de ser alcançada em termos de qualificação ou requalificação das águas urbanas, principalmente em regiões densamente ocupadas, como as metrópoles brasileiras. Nesses grandes centros urbanos o desafio está na busca de um equilíbrio hídrico, cuja solução de conflitos passa obrigatoriamente pelo planejamento urbano-paisagístico-ambiental sobre o território, tanto na micro e como na macroescala, e conforme os preceitos do planejamento / arquitetura da paisagem. Para tanto, faz-se necessário, de preferência, o uso das tecnologias disponíveis, mediante o consenso entre os grupos e/ou sociedades envolvidas, enfim, através de uma agenda conjunta e continuada, que trata dos atuais conflitos, prevenindo e evitando novos conflitos e problemas. O trabalho traz como recorte a área drenada pela Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Tietê (BHAT), uma das bacias mais complexas do País no que se refere à gestão ambiental, principalmente por decorrência das profundas alterações em suas várzeas, causadas por intervenções hidráulicas, mas também pelo modelo de urbanização adotado e pela ocupação extensiva do solo urbano. Entretanto, apesar de seus contrastes e paradoxos, a região apresenta ainda reais possibilidades de utilização de seus espaços livres na metrópole contemporânea, como meio de viabilização de uma requalificação funcional e ambiental, considerando-se, os sérios problemas decorrentes do estado atual de degradação da paisagem e do meio ambiente. Um exemplo são as várzeas da sub-região Cabeceiras, a jusante da Capital, localizada na porção leste da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP): uma área bastante sensível, com grande parte de seus limites incluídos em Área de Proteção aos Mananciais (incluindo áreas destinadas à reserva de água para o abastecimento público), e com grande parte de sua várzea ainda preservada (incluindo alguns trechos com mata nativa), e que tem na ocupação urbana (vetor de crescimento), o seu principal e grande conflito. / The present thesis aims to debate the possibility of actions as well as interventions in the current Brazilian legislation policy for sustainable urban landscape planning in urban lands alongside Tietê River, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This theme, relatively emergent in Brazil, is considered of great importance in the scientific, technical, and legal contexts. This study is part of the \"Landscape System\" academic research conducted by the University of São Paulo (USP), with focus on \"Landscape and Environment\", performed by the Architecture and Urbanism Post-Baccalaureate Program from years 2011 to 2015. The main scope of this research is to consider sustainable utilization and development of open spaces alongside urban waters, focusing on multiple benefits within the urban areas, and improving population\'s quality of life. The current role played by open spaces has been mostly to support drainage and transport systems infrastructure. However, such open spaces should be considered part of everyday life, together with becoming an accessible asset to the actual population and the future generations. In spite of the development of public programs during the 21st century, in conjunction with existing legislation, urban waters have not being considered part of everyday life. The public management of urban waters lacks efficiency, especially due to the non-existence of proper policies as well as effective integrated actions for its conservation and administration. Nevertheless, it is feasible to redefine the qualification/requalification of open spaces alongside urban waters, especially in overpopulated areas, like the Brazilian metropolis. The purpose of this research is to explore the drained area by Alto Tietê River basin, one of the most complex river basins in Brazil in terms of sustainable management, particularly due to the dramatic changes in its surrounding lands caused by hydraulic interventions, unplanned urban expansion, and deficient urban model. Despite all the adversities and paradoxes, this region still remains a possible zone for urban open spaces development. This could be a way not only to improve environmental sustainability, but also to benefit the population with long term environment protection, and with the implementation of sensible public facilities. In order to achieve this new reality, an integrated approach regarding the planning, monitoring, designing, and maintaining these projects are imperative, in addition to the optimization of the proper policies.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para um debate sobre a possibilidade de intervenções ou ações para a qualificação urbano-paisagístico-ambiental em áreas de fundo de vale urbanas, um tema relativamente emergente no Brasil, e de relevante interesse e importância em âmbito científico, técnico e legal. Realizada entre os anos de 2011 e 2015, a pesquisa de referência esteve alocada na área de concentração \"Paisagem e Ambiente\", dentro da linha de pesquisa \"Sistemas da Paisagem\", do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAUUSP). O objeto do estudo são as águas urbanas, definidas aqui como os corpos d\'água integrantes do meio ou da paisagem, que compõem um sistema urbano de espaços livres, e que devem ser considerados como espaços da vida cotidiana, tendo suas orlas aproveitadas para fins urbanos diversificados, e não apenas para suporte de infraestruturas como sistema viário ou drenagem. Fruto de uma relação perversa e conflitante entre a sociedade e o meio, as águas urbanas foram, e ainda vêm sendo vistas, no início deste século XXI, de forma excludente do cotidiano urbano, mesmo após a imposição de legislações específicas e de programas públicos. Os impasses para uma efetiva gestão pública dos corpos d\'água são muitos, e isso se dá principalmente devido à não existência de políticas e/ou ações integradas para sua conservação e manejo. Mesmo assim, existe uma realidade possível de ser alcançada em termos de qualificação ou requalificação das águas urbanas, principalmente em regiões densamente ocupadas, como as metrópoles brasileiras. Nesses grandes centros urbanos o desafio está na busca de um equilíbrio hídrico, cuja solução de conflitos passa obrigatoriamente pelo planejamento urbano-paisagístico-ambiental sobre o território, tanto na micro e como na macroescala, e conforme os preceitos do planejamento / arquitetura da paisagem. Para tanto, faz-se necessário, de preferência, o uso das tecnologias disponíveis, mediante o consenso entre os grupos e/ou sociedades envolvidas, enfim, através de uma agenda conjunta e continuada, que trata dos atuais conflitos, prevenindo e evitando novos conflitos e problemas. O trabalho traz como recorte a área drenada pela Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Tietê (BHAT), uma das bacias mais complexas do País no que se refere à gestão ambiental, principalmente por decorrência das profundas alterações em suas várzeas, causadas por intervenções hidráulicas, mas também pelo modelo de urbanização adotado e pela ocupação extensiva do solo urbano. Entretanto, apesar de seus contrastes e paradoxos, a região apresenta ainda reais possibilidades de utilização de seus espaços livres na metrópole contemporânea, como meio de viabilização de uma requalificação funcional e ambiental, considerando-se, os sérios problemas decorrentes do estado atual de degradação da paisagem e do meio ambiente. Um exemplo são as várzeas da sub-região Cabeceiras, a jusante da Capital, localizada na porção leste da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP): uma área bastante sensível, com grande parte de seus limites incluídos em Área de Proteção aos Mananciais (incluindo áreas destinadas à reserva de água para o abastecimento público), e com grande parte de sua várzea ainda preservada (incluindo alguns trechos com mata nativa), e que tem na ocupação urbana (vetor de crescimento), o seu principal e grande conflito. / The present thesis aims to debate the possibility of actions as well as interventions in the current Brazilian legislation policy for sustainable urban landscape planning in urban lands alongside Tietê River, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This theme, relatively emergent in Brazil, is considered of great importance in the scientific, technical, and legal contexts. This study is part of the \"Landscape System\" academic research conducted by the University of São Paulo (USP), with focus on \"Landscape and Environment\", performed by the Architecture and Urbanism Post-Baccalaureate Program from years 2011 to 2015. The main scope of this research is to consider sustainable utilization and development of open spaces alongside urban waters, focusing on multiple benefits within the urban areas, and improving population\'s quality of life. The current role played by open spaces has been mostly to support drainage and transport systems infrastructure. However, such open spaces should be considered part of everyday life, together with becoming an accessible asset to the actual population and the future generations. In spite of the development of public programs during the 21st century, in conjunction with existing legislation, urban waters have not being considered part of everyday life. The public management of urban waters lacks efficiency, especially due to the non-existence of proper policies as well as effective integrated actions for its conservation and administration. Nevertheless, it is feasible to redefine the qualification/requalification of open spaces alongside urban waters, especially in overpopulated areas, like the Brazilian metropolis. The purpose of this research is to explore the drained area by Alto Tietê River basin, one of the most complex river basins in Brazil in terms of sustainable management, particularly due to the dramatic changes in its surrounding lands caused by hydraulic interventions, unplanned urban expansion, and deficient urban model. Despite all the adversities and paradoxes, this region still remains a possible zone for urban open spaces development. This could be a way not only to improve environmental sustainability, but also to benefit the population with long term environment protection, and with the implementation of sensible public facilities. In order to achieve this new reality, an integrated approach regarding the planning, monitoring, designing, and maintaining these projects are imperative, in addition to the optimization of the proper policies.