In dieser Arbeit wurde das Signalement, die Jahreszeit bei Klinikeinweisung, die Diagnose, die Operationstechnik, die Operationskomplikationen und der Therapieerfolg von laparotomierten Fohlen im Alter bis zu einem Jahr ausgewertet. Grundlage war das Patientengut der Chirurgischen Tierklinik der Universität Leipzig in den Jahren 2001 bis 2011. Neben intestinalen Erkrankungen wurden auch extraintestinale Erkrankungen involviert.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:41:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 saquetti_chc_dr_jabo.pdf: 1169847 bytes, checksum: 05041918b8065c6c2eb2ac16c906dcb9 (MD5) / Este estudo teve como objetivo geral comparar os efeitos da laparotomia exploratória e do uso da fenilbutazona em bovinos e bubalinos. Para isso foram avaliados o perfil bioquímico, o proteinograma e o hemograma de 28 animais dos quais 14 eram búfalas e 14 vacas, todas fêmeas não lactantes, distribuídas em quatro grupos - VT: vacas tratadas com fenilbutazona; VC: vacas controle; BT: búfalas tratadas com fenilbutazona e BC: búfalas controle. Os animais dos grupos VT e BT receberam dose única de 10 mg/kg de fenilbutazona, por via intravenosa, uma hora antes da cirurgia. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue antes da laparotomia (0h) e 1(1h), 6(6h), 12(12h), 24(24h), 48(48h), 72(72h), 96(96h) e 120 horas (120h) e 15(15d) e 30(30d) dias após a intervenção. Os valores de creatinina foram mais elevados nas búfalas, e não sofram alteração devido à cirurgia, ou ao tratamento. O tratamento com fenilbutazona aumentou a concentração sérica de HDL em vacas e búfalas. Dentre as proteínas de fase aguda, a concentração de ceruloplasmina se elevou em todos os grupos de 48 horas a 120 horas após a cirurgia. A concentração sérica de haptoglobina se elevou mais nos grupos das búfalas do que nas vacas. A hemopexina foi verificada apenas na espécie bubalina e apenas até o 5º dia. O tratamento com fenilbutazona não alterou a contagem de hemácias nem o volume globular. Todas as vacas e búfalas apresentaram neutrofilia 12 horas após a laparotomia. O teor de fósforo aumentou no grupo controle das búfalas (BC) e no grupo tratado (BT), às 72h e 96h, respectivamente. O magnésio se apresentou, no início do experimento (0h) e ao final (30d), significativamente maior nos grupos das búfalas (BT e BC). A laparotomia e ou o tratamento com fenilbutazona não interferiram nas concentrações de sódio, potássio e cálcio ionizado / This study aims to compare the effect of exploratory laparotomy and treated with phenylbutazone in bovine and buffaloes. To pursue this purpose, biochemical profile, proteinogram and blood count cell tests were performed in 28 animals, of which 14 were buffaloes and 14 cows, all of then non-nursing, distributed in four groups - VT: cows treated with phenylbutazone; VC: control cows; BT: buffaloes treated with phenylbutazone and BC: control buffaloes. Animals from VT and BT received a single administration of 10 mg/kg of phenylbutazone, intravenously one hour before surgery. Blood samples were taken before laparotomy (0h) and 1(1h), 6(6h), 12(12h), 24(24h), 48(48h), 72(72h), 96(96h) e 120 horas (120h) e 15(15d) e 30(30d) days after surgery. Creatinine values were higher in buffaloes, and there were no changes, despite surgery or treatment. HDL showed different values in both species, due to surgical procedure. The use of phenylbutazone increased serum HDL in cows and buffaloes. Among acute phase proteins, serum haptoglobin showed higher values in buffaloes than in cows. Hemopexina was foundetected only in buffaloes and until the 5th day. Treatment with phenylbutazone did not change RBCs or globular volume values. Cows and buffaloes showed neutrophilia 12 hours after laparotomy. Phosphorus content increased in control buffaloes (BC) and in the treated buffaloes (BT) at 72h and 96h, respectively. Magnesium presented higher itself at the beginning of the experiment (0h) and end (30d) in buffaloes groups (BT and BC). Laparotomy or treatment with phenylbutazone did not changed sodium, potassium and calcium ionized values

Tese (livre-docencia) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T10:22:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_LuizRoberto_LD.pdf: 2188639 bytes, checksum: a1763b6619b7efc2bdf8dc87a2113838 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O megaesôfago caracteriza-se por destruição dos plexos intramurais de Auerbach de caráter irreversível e progressivo, aperistalse do corpo, contrações sincrônicas, relaxamento incompleto ou ausente do esfíncter inferior, levando a estase alimentar, dilatação e alongamento do órgão, interferindo significativamente com a alimentação. No Brasil, a Doença de Chagas é o mais comum agente do megaesôfago, assumindo importância no contexto epidemiológico e de saúde pública, pois atinge cerca de 10 milhões de pessoas, restringindo a expectativa de vida e a capacidade de trabalho. A disfagia é o sintoma mais importante, podendo vir acompanhada de outras queixas. O diagnóstico do megaesôfago é dado pelo estudo radiológico contrastado, que permite a classificação em graus, variando em I, II e III (não avançado) e IV (avançado). O tratamento cirúrgico é o mais utilizado. Entre nós, a técnica de escolha para o megaesôfago não avançado é a cirurgia de Heller-Pinotti. Esta cirurgia clássica sempre foi realizada por laparotomia e, com o advento da videocirurgia, passou a ser realizada também por esta via. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os resultados imediatos e tardios de dois grupos de pacientes com megaesôfago graus I e II, operados por laparotomia e por laparoscopia. Foram avaliados 67 pacientes operados entre 1994 e 2001 divididos em dois grupos: LPO - 41 pacientes (61,19%) e VLP - 26 pacientes (38,81%), com pelo menos 5 anos de acompanhamento. O sexo masculino predominou (55,22%); a idade média foi 42,46 anos; o megaesôfago grau II ocorreu em 91,04% e a disfagia esteve presente em 98,5%. A etiologia chagásica foi encontrada em 76,12% dos pacientes. Os prontuários foram revistos e um questionário preenchido com os dados de sintomas, exames diagnósticos, cirurgia, complicações intra e pós-operatórias, tempo de evolução, exames pós-operatórios e sintomas na última avaliação. A disfagia foi avaliada pela classificação de Saeed, variando de 0 - incapaz de deglutir a 5 - deglutição normal. No pré-operatório foi de 92,42% entre grau 1 (deglute líquidos com dificuldade e não deglute sólidos) e 2 (deglute líquidos sem dificuldade e não deglute sólidos). A complicação intra-operatória mais encontrada foi a perfuração da mucosa sendo 4 na LPO (9,75%) e 1 na VLP (3,84%) com p>0,05. O tempo médio de internação foi de 3,32 dias na LPO e de 2,54 dias na VLP (p<0,05%). No acompanhamento mínimo de 5 anos, ocorreu melhora da disfagia, sendo encontrado 26,88% de graus 1 e 2 (pré-operatório era 92,42%), com p<0,05% para o grupo geral, que se repetiu nos grupos LPO (94,50% X 26,83) e VLP (92,31% X 26,92%), também com p<0.05%. A dilatação forçada pós-operatória foi realizada em 7 pacientes do grupo LPO (17,07%) e 10 do grupo VLP (38,46%) com p<0,05. A recidiva cirúrgica ocorreu em 5 pacientes (7,46%), sendo 3 do grupo LPO (7,31%) e 2 do grupo VLP (7,69%) com p>0,05. A melhora da disfagia ocorreu de maneira semelhante nos dois grupos mostrando que a técnica de Heller-Pinotti foi eficiente e segura. A via de acesso não interferiu no resultado final da cirurgia. A opção pela cirurgia laparoscópica se dá pelos benefícios inerentes da cirurgia minimamente invasiva. / Abstract: The megaesophagus is characterized by the progressive and irreversible destruction of the Auerbach intramural plexus, aperistalsis of the body, synchronic contractions, incomplete or inexistent relaxation of the lower sphincter causing food stasis, dilatation and elongation of the organ interfering significantly with the feeding process. In Brazil the Chagas disease is the most common agent of the megaesophagus, assuming importance in the epidemiologic and social health context because it reaches 10 millions of people, restricting life expectation and work capacity. Dysphagia is the most important symptom, and it can be followed by other complaints. The diagnosis of the megaesophagus is achieved by the contrasted radiological study of that allows the classification in degrees, varying in I, II, III (not advanced) and IV (advanced). The surgical treatment is mostly used. Among us, the chosen technique for the not advanced megaesophagus is the Heller-Pinotti surgery. This classical surgery has always been done by laparotomy and later, but, with the advent of the video surgery, it could be done by that mean as well. The objective of this assay was to evaluate immediate and late results of two groups of patients with megaesophagus levels I and II, treated by laparotomy and laparoscopy. Between 1994 and 2001, 67 operated patients were evaluated and put in two groups: LPO - 41 patients (61,19%) and VLP - 26 patients (38,81%), for at least 5 years of accompaniment. The patients were mostly male (55, 22%); the average age was 42,46 years old; the megaesophagus level II occurred in 91, 04% and dysphasia in 98,50%. The chagasic etiology was found in 76,12% of the patients. The files were reviewed and a questionnaire was filled with the symptoms data, diagnostic exams, surgery, intra and post-surgery complications, evolution time, post-surgery exams and symptoms in the last evaluation. Dysphagia was evaluated by the Saeed scale, varying from 0 - incapable of swelling to 5 - normal deglutition. After surgery it was 92,42% between level 1 (swallows liquids with difficulty and does not swallow solids) and 2 (swallows liquids with no difficulty and does not swallow solids). The intra-surgery complication that was mostly found was the perforation of the mucosa: 4 in LPO (9,75%) and 1 in VLP (3,84%) with p>0,05%. The average time of hospital internment was 3,32 days for LPO and 2,54 days for VLP (P<0,05%). Those patients with at least 5 years of accompaniment had an improvement of the dysphagia, 26,88% are levels 1 and 2 (after operation was 92,42%), with p<0,05% for the entire group, which happened again in groups LPO (94,50% X 26,83%) and VLP (92,31% X 26,92%), also with p<0,05%. The post-operative forced dilatation was made in 7 patients of the LPO group (17,07%) and in 10 of the VLP group (38,46%) with p<0,05%. The surgical relapse occurred in 4 patients (5,97%), 3 of the LPO group (7,31%) and 1 of the VLP group (3,84%) with p>0,05%. The improvement from dysphagia happened similarly in both groups showing that the Heller-Pinotti technique was efficient and secure. The access way did not interfere in the final results of the surgery. The choice of the laparoscopic surgery is made by the inherent benefits of the minimum invasive surgery. / Tese (livre-docencia) - Univer / Molestias do Aparelho Digestivo / Livre-Docente em Cirurgia

In extremely preterm infants, acute abdominal emergencies are fortunately less common with improving care. Spontaneous intestinal perforation and necrotizing enterocolitis are conditions where emergency surgery is most often needed. Conservative medical management and placement of temporary drain are often used in the initial management. Internal hernia (IH) is an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction in neonates, is difficult to diagnose and unfortunately are found only at autopsy. The presentation in preterm infants, distinction between these conditions, and the need for early diagnosis of IH are discussed.

Bakgrund: Anestesisjuksköterskan ansvarar för att identifiera när ett förlopp avviker från det normala i den perioperativa vården. Tidigare studier visar att explorativ laparotomi har hög förekomst av allvarliga komplikationer och 30-dagarsmortalitet. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka korrelation mellan preoperativa variabler och förekomst av allvarliga komplikationer hos vuxna patienter som genomgår akut explorativ laparotomi på en operationsavdelning. Syftet var även att undersöka korrelation mellan preoperativa variabler och mortalitet hos vuxna patienter som genomgår akut explorativ laparotomi på en operationsavdelning. Metod: Studien var en retrospektiv registerstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Registerdata innehållande pre-, intra- och postoperativa uppgifter om 387 patienter som genomgått explorativ laparotomi, inhämtades från Provisio för åren 2019–2021. Datamatris skapades utifrån Clavien-Dindos komplikationsklassifikation. Materialet analyserades med beskrivande statistik, Spearmans rho och multipel linjär korrelationsanalys. Huvudresultat: Allvarliga komplikationer förekom hos 33,6% av patienterna. 9,6% av patienterna avled inom 30-dagar. ASA-klass var statistiskt signifikant korrelerat till allvarliga komplikationer (p: &lt;0,001). Ålder (p:&lt;0,001), ASA-klass (p: &lt;0,001) och prioritetsnivå till operation (p: 0,049) var statistiskt signifikant korrelerat till 30-dagarsmortalitet. Slutsats: Explorativ laparotomi är en allvarlig operation som i de flesta fall utförs på redan svårt sjuka patienter. Anestesisjuksköterskan har en betydande roll i optimeringen av den intraoperativa omvårdnaden. Alla människor har rätt till god evidensbaserad vård och det finns utvecklingspotential vid explorativ laparotomi. / Background: The nurse anesthetist is responsible for identifying when a course of care deviates from the normal in perioperative care. Previous studies show that exploratory laparotomy has a high incidence of severe complications and 30-day mortality. Aim: The aim was to investigate correlation between preoperative variables and the presence of severe complications in adult patients undergoing acute exploratory laparotomy in an operating department. The aim was also to investigate correlation between preoperative variables and mortality in adult patients undergoing acute exploratory laparotomy in an operating department. Method: The study was a retrospective registry study with a quantitative approach. Registry data containing pre-, intra- and postoperative data on 387 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy were obtained from Provisio for the years 2019–2021. A data matrix was created based on Clavien-Dindo's classification of complications. The material was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Spearman's rho and multiple linear correlation analysis. Result: Severe complications occurred in 33.6% of patients. 9.6% of patients died within 30 days. ASA class was statistically significantly correlated to severe complications (p:&lt;0.001). Age (p:&lt;0.001), ASA class (p: &lt;0.001) and priority level to surgery (p: 0.049) were statistically significantly correlated to 30-day mortality. Conclusion: Exploratory laparotomy is a serious operation that in most cases is performed on already severely ill patients. The nurse anesthetist has a significant role in the optimization of intraoperative nursing. All people have the right to good evidence-based care and there is development potential in exploratory laparotomy.

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi testar a capacidade da tomografia computadorizada helicoidal com múltiplas fileiras de detectores (TCMD) na identificação/exclusão de lesões em vítimas de ferimento por arma de fogo (FAF) abdominal. Os achados de imagem foram comparados aos cirúrgicos em todos os pacientes da amostra. A TCMD demonstrou elevada acurácia na avaliação de órgãos sólidos, vísceras ocas, grandes vasos e diafragma. Quase a metade dos pacientes (45,2%) não exibiu lesões que necessitassem obrigatoriamente de correção cirúrgica. A TCMD mostrou-se excelente na avaliação dos pacientes da amostra, podendo contribuir com informações importantes ao manejo de vítimas de FAF abdominal. / The main objective of this study was to test the ability of multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) in the identification/exclusion of lesions in abdominal gunshot wound (GW) victims. The imaging findings were compared with the surgical ones in all of the studied patients. MDCT demonstrated elevated accuracy in the evaluation of solid organs, hollow viscus, great vessels, and diaphragm. Almost half of the patients (45.2%) did not show lesions requiring obligatory surgical interventions. MDCT showed to be excellent in the evaluation of the studied patients, and can contribute with important information for the management of abdominal GW victims.

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi testar a capacidade da tomografia computadorizada helicoidal com múltiplas fileiras de detectores (TCMD) na identificação/exclusão de lesões em vítimas de ferimento por arma de fogo (FAF) abdominal. Os achados de imagem foram comparados aos cirúrgicos em todos os pacientes da amostra. A TCMD demonstrou elevada acurácia na avaliação de órgãos sólidos, vísceras ocas, grandes vasos e diafragma. Quase a metade dos pacientes (45,2%) não exibiu lesões que necessitassem obrigatoriamente de correção cirúrgica. A TCMD mostrou-se excelente na avaliação dos pacientes da amostra, podendo contribuir com informações importantes ao manejo de vítimas de FAF abdominal. / The main objective of this study was to test the ability of multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) in the identification/exclusion of lesions in abdominal gunshot wound (GW) victims. The imaging findings were compared with the surgical ones in all of the studied patients. MDCT demonstrated elevated accuracy in the evaluation of solid organs, hollow viscus, great vessels, and diaphragm. Almost half of the patients (45.2%) did not show lesions requiring obligatory surgical interventions. MDCT showed to be excellent in the evaluation of the studied patients, and can contribute with important information for the management of abdominal GW victims.

In dieser Arbeit wurde das Signalement, die Jahreszeit bei Klinikeinweisung, die Diagnose, die Operationstechnik, die Operationskomplikationen und der Therapieerfolg von laparotomierten Fohlen im Alter bis zu einem Jahr ausgewertet. Grundlage war das Patientengut der Chirurgischen Tierklinik der Universität Leipzig in den Jahren 2001 bis 2011. Neben intestinalen Erkrankungen wurden auch extraintestinale Erkrankungen involviert.

No / Emergency laparotomies in the U.K., U.S.A. and Denmark are known to have a high risk of death, with accompanying evidence of suboptimal care. The emergency laparotomy pathway quality improvement care (ELPQuiC) bundle is an evidence-based care bundle for patients undergoing emergency laparotomy, consisting of: initial assessment with early warning scores, early antibiotics, interval between decision and operation less than 6 h, goal-directed fluid therapy and postoperative intensive care. The ELPQuiC bundle was implemented in four hospitals, using locally identified strategies to assess the impact on risk-adjusted mortality. Comparison of case mix-adjusted 30-day mortality rates before and after care-bundle implementation was made using risk-adjusted cumulative sum (CUSUM) plots and a logistic regression model. Risk-adjusted CUSUM plots showed an increase in the numbers of lives saved per 100 patients treated in all hospitals, from 6.47 in the baseline interval (299 patients included) to 12.44 after implementation (427 patients included) (P < 0.001). The overall case mix-adjusted risk of death decreased from 15.6 to 9.6 per cent (risk ratio 0.614, 95 per cent c.i. 0.451 to 0.836; P = 0.002). There was an increase in the uptake of the ELPQuiC processes but no significant difference in the patient case-mix profile as determined by the mean Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity risk (0.197 and 0.223 before and after implementation respectively; P = 0.395). Use of the ELPQuiC bundle was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death following emergency laparotomy. / E. LPQuiC Collaborator Group