[ES] La irradiación de nanopartículas de oro (AuNPs) esféricas en una suspensión coloidal con pulsos láser de nanosegundos puede inducir su metamorfosis, dando lugar a la aparición de esferas con cavidades internas. La concentración del surfactante estabilizador de las partículas, el uso de fluencias de láser moderadas y el tamaño de las partículas, determinan la eficiencia y características del proceso. Las partículas huecas resultantes se obtienen cuando las moléculas del medio circundante (ej., agua, materia orgánica del surfactante) quedan atrapadas durante la irradiación láser. Estas observaciones experimentales sugieren la existencia de un balance sutil entre los procesos de calentamiento y enfriamiento. El primero induce la expansión y paso a un estado amorfo y, el segundo, la subsecuente recristalización manteniendo en su interior el material atrapado. Estas observaciones experimentales han sido explicadas satisfactoriamente con las simulaciones de dinámica molecular clásica desarrolladas en el marco de esta tesis. Específicamente, la dinámica molecular confirma que es necesaria la existencia de moléculas en el interior de las cavidades que se forman dentro de las AuNPs para que se produzca su estabilización. En la segunda parte de esta tesis, se detallan las simulaciones de dinámica molecular clásica y los cálculos de propiedades ópticas de la irradiación de nanopartículas esféricas de oro con pulsos láser de femtosegundos, para predecir los cambios de forma que se producen en las mismas, bajo una exploración de los diferentes parámetros involucrados, es decir, la fluencia y duración del láser, el tamaño de las nanopartículas cristalinas esféricas y la capacidad de enfriamiento del medio circundante. El objetivo fundamental de las simulaciones es brindar una guía para la síntesis de nanopartículas con morfologías determinadas. Los resultados de las simulaciones indican que, para la formación de nanopartículas huecas, las mismas deben ser calentadas hasta una temperatura entre 2500 y 3500 K, seguido por un enfriamiento exponencial rápido, con una constante de tiempo menor de 120 ps. Por lo tanto, se describen las condiciones experimentales para la producción eficiente de nanopartículas huecas, lo que abre un amplio rango de posibilidades de aplicación en áreas fundamentales, tales como el almacenamiento de energía y la catálisis. En la última parte de esta memoria se exponen las simulaciones de dinámica molecular clásica implementadas para profundizar en los experimentos pumpprobe con nanoesferas plasmónicas de oro, desarrollados en la referencia [R.Fuentes-Domínguez et al. Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(8), 819.]. Tras la irradiación láser y consecuente deposición de energía, las partículas vibran, lo que se puede medir mediante la fuerte modulación producida en la sección eficaz de dispersión. La vibración mecánica de las AuNPs esféricas, tras ser irradiadas con láseres ultracortos, las convierte en generadores termoelásticos eficientes de ultrasonido y, por tanto, en excelentes candidatos para transductores luz-sonido en diversas aplicaciones. / [CA] La irradiació de nanopartícules d'or (AuNPs) esfèriques en una suspensiócolloidal amb polsos làser de nanosegons pot induir la seua metamorfosi, donant lloc a l'aparició d'esferes amb cavitats internes. La concentració del surfactante estabilitzador de les partícules, l'ús de fluencias de làser moderades i la grandària de les partícules, determinen l'eficiència i característiques del procés. Les partícules buides resultants s'obtenen quan les molècules del mitjà circumdant (ex., aigua, matèria orgànica del surfactante) queden atrapades durant la irradiació làser. Aquestes observacions experimentals suggereixen l'existència d'un balanç subtil entre els processos de calfament i refredament. El primer indueix l'expansió i passe a un estat amorf i, el segon, la subseqüent recristalización mantenint en el seu interior el material atrapat. Aquestes observacions experimentals han sigut explicades satisfactòriament amb les simulacions de dinàmica molecular clàssica desenvolupades en el marc d'aquesta tesi. Específicament, la dinàmica molecular confirma que és necessària l'existència de molècules a l'interior de les cavitats que es formen dins de les AuNPs perquè es produïsca la seua estabilització. En la segona part d'aquesta tesi, es detallen les simulacions de dinàmica molecular clàssica i els càlculs de propietats òptiques de la irradiació de nanopartícules esfèriques d'or amb polsos làser de femtosegundos, per a predir els canvis de manera que es produeixen en aquestes, sota una exploració dels diferents paràmetres involucrats, és a dir, la fluencia i duració del làser, la grandària de les nanopartícules cristal·lines esfèriques i la capacitat de refredament del mitjà circumdant. L'objectiu fonamental de les simulacions és brindar una guia per a la síntesi de nanopartícules amb morfologies determinades. Els resultats de les simulacions indiquen que, per a la formació de nanopartícules buides, les mateixes han de ser calfades fins a una temperatura entre 2500 i 3500 K, seguit per un refredament exponencial ràpid, amb una constant de temps menor de 120 pg. Per tant, es descriuen les condicions experimentals per a la producció eficient de nanopartícules buides, la qual cosa obri un ampli rang de possibilitats d'aplicació en àrees fonamentals, tals com l'emmagatzematge d'energia i la catàlisi. En l'última part d'aquesta memòria s'exposen les simulacions de dinàmica molecular clàssica implementades per a aprofundir en els experiments pumpprobe amb nanoesferas plasmónicas d'or, desenvolupats en la referència [R. Fuentes-Domínguez et al. Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(8), 819.]. Després de la irradiació làser i conseqüent deposició d'energia, les partícules vibren, la qual cosa es pot mesurar mitjançant la forta modulació produïda en la secció eficaç de dispersió. La vibració mecànica de les AuNPs esfèriques, després de ser irradiades amb làsers ultracortos, les converteix en generadors termoelásticos eficients d'ultrasò i, per tant, en excel·lents candidats per a transductors llum-so en diverses aplicacions. / [EN] The irradiation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a colloid with nanosecond laser pulses can give rise to the formation of cavities. The concentration of the surfactant used to stabilize the particles, the laser fluency, and the size of the nanoparticles, determine the efficiency and features of the process. The resulting hollow particles are obtained when the right balance between the heating and cooling processes is given. The first process induces an expansion and the melting of the particle, while the second, leads to the recrystallization, keeping the extraneous matter trapped in the inside. These experimental observations have been satisfactorily explained by the molecular dynamics simulations carried out in this thesis. Specifically, the simulations have confirmed that it is necessary the existence of trapped molecules in the inside of the cavities to stabilize the cavities. In the second part of this thesis, the molecular dynamics simulations and calculation of optical properties when gold nanoparticles (in a colloid) are irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses. The simulations allowed to predict the the shape changes under different conditions for the laser fluency and duration, the size of the nanoparticles and the cooling rate, which is driven by the properties of the solvent and the surfactant. These simulations provide a guidance for the synthesis of nanoparticles with specific morphological features. The results show that the nanospheres should be heated up to 2500 y 3500 K, followed by a fast cooling (time constant of 120 ps). Therefore, the experimental conditions for the efficient production of hollow nanoparticles are described what opens a broad range of possibilities for applications in areas such as energy storage and catalysis. MD simulations are carried out in the last part of this thesis to gain insights into the pump-probe experiments using AuNPs in reference [R. Fuentes-Domínguez et al. Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(8), 819.]. Upon femtosecond laser irradiation and deposition of energy, the nanospheres vibrate which can be measured by means of the scattering cross section. This fact becomes the AuNPs in ideal thermoelastic ultrasound generators and therefore in excellent candidates for light-sound transducers in different applications. / Castro Palacio, JC. (2021). Modelación físico-matemática y simulaciones computacionales para guiar el diseño y fabricación de nanoestructuras plasmónicas optimizadas para aplicaciones energéticas [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/175557 / TESIS

Intense few-cycle laser pulses can significantly affect the properties of transparent solids during the interaction. These processes take place on femtosecond time scales and they can be studied using ultrafast spectroscopic methods. This dissertation deals with highly nonlinear processes in diamond. In the interaction with a crystalline diamond, we observed a strong nonlinear broadening of the spectrum due to self-phase modulation effect, which allowed us to create a simple technique for compression of pulses from laser oscillator. At the same time, strongly nonlinear five-photon absorption was observed, in which we found a significant anisotropy and dependence on the polarization state. With two-beam pump and probe experiments we present a study of anharmonic phenomena in the dynamics of coherent phonons in diamond, additionally we created a new detection technique of lattice vibrations using multiphoton absorption. Finally, the high time resolution of the experiments revealed that the sub-picosecond electron dynamics strongly depends on the composition and morphology of the polycrystalline diamond thin films. The experimental results of this work provide comprehensive research into the interaction of diamond with few-cycle laser pulses and the development of new spectroscopic methods.

In dieser Arbeit werden Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zur Laserstrukturierung von Prägewerkezeugen sowie zur Abformung von Gitterstrukturen mit Gitterperioden von kleiner gleich 2 µm in verschiedene Folien und Werkstoffverbunde präsentiert und diskutiert. Die hierfür entwickelte Kombination von Laserprozessen wird erläutert. Des Weiteren sind die auf Basis der experimentellen Untersuchungen ermittelten Parameterräume aufgezeigt und in Bezug zu theoretischen Beschreibungsmodellen gesetzt. Limitationen und Potentiale der einzelnen Teilprozesse werden dargelegt. Unter Anwendung der beschriebenen Strukturierungs- und Prozessparameter ist die Erstellung funktional einsetzbarer Prägewerkzeuge möglich. Für die Strukturübertragung konnte die Abformbarkeit der in die Oberflächen der Prägewerkzeuge eingebrachten beugungsoptisch wirksamen Gitterstrukturen mit Gitterperioden von kleiner gleich 2 µm bei Kontaktzeiten im Millisekundenbereich nachgewiesen werden.

We utilize the exact factorization of the electron-nuclear wave function [Abedi et al., PRL 105 123002 (2010)] to illuminate several aspects of laser-driven molecular dynamics in intense femtosecond laser pulses. Above factorization allows for a splitting of the full molecular wave function and leads to a time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the nuclear subsystem alone which is exact in the sense that the absolute square of the corresponding, purely nuclear, wave function yields the exact nuclear N-body density of the full electron-nuclear system. As one remarkable feature, this factorization provides the exact classical force, the force which contains the highest amount of electron-nuclear correlations that can be retained in the quantum-classical limit of the electron-nuclear system. We re-evaluate the classical limit of the nuclear Schrödinger equation from the perspective of the exact factorization, and address the long-standing question of the validity of the popular quantum-classical surface hopping approach in laserdriven cases. In particular, our access to the exact classical force allows for an elaborate evaluation of the various and completely different potential energy surfaces frequently applied in surface hopping calculations. The highlight of this work consists in a generalization of the exact factorization and its application to the laser-driven molecular wave function in the Floquet picture, where the molecule and the laser form an united quantum system exhibiting its own Hilbert space. This particular factorization enables us to establish an analytic connection between the exact nuclear force and Floquet potential energy surfaces. Complementing above topics, we combine different well-known and proven methods to give a systematic study of molecular dissociation mechanisms for the complicated electric fields provided by modern attosecond laser technology.:Contents Introduction 1 The exact factorization of time-dependent wave functions 1.1 Concern and state of the art 1.2 The exact factorization of the electron-nuclear wave function 1.3 The generalized exact factorization 1.4 The exact factorization for coupled harmonic oscillators 1.5 The exact factorization for a single particle with spin 1.6 The exact factorization of the laser-driven electron-nuclear wave function in the Floquet picture 1.7 Summary and conclusion 2 Quantum-classical molecular dynamics from an exact factorization perspective 2.1 Concern and state of the art 2.2 The exact nuclear TDSE 2.3 The Wigner-Moyal equation for the nuclear TDSE and its classical limit 2.4 The Bohmian formulation of the nuclear TDSE and its classical limit 2.5 Comparative calculations 2.5.1 Scenario 1: stationary states 2.5.2 Scenario 2: laser-driven dynamics 2.6 Summary and conclusion 3 Surface hopping in laser-driven molecular dynamics 3.1 Concern and state of the art 3.2 Surface hopping 3.3 Quantum-classical dynamics on the EPES 3.4 The benchmark model and its potential energy surfaces 3.5 Surface hopping in laser-driven molecular dynamics 3.6 Summary and conclusion 4 Beyond the limit of the Floquet picture: molecular dissociation in few-cycle laser pulses 4.1 Concern and state of the art 4.2 Theoretical few-cycle pulses 4.3 Calculation of dissociation probabilities 4.4 Dissociation in few-cycle pulses 4.4.1 Dissociation in half-cycle pulses 4.4.2 Dissociation in few-cycle pulses 4.5 Dissociation in realistic attosecond pulses 4.6 Summary and conclusion Outlook Appendices A List of abbreviations B Numerical details C Calculating electronic observables within quantum-classical molecular dynamics D Ionization in few-cycle pulses E Modeling an optical attosecond pulse Bibliography

Die Messung ultrakurzer Laserpulse ist ein Eckpfeiler der ultraschnellen Laserphysik, da die Gültigkeit eines Experiments von der Glaubwürdigkeit seiner Messtechnik abhängt. Etablierte Puls-Charakterisierungstechniken beruhen jedoch häufig auf einer Mittelung über viele Pulse. Daher können sie falsche Informationen liefern, wenn die zeitliche Form von Puls zu Puls variiert. Diese Dissertation bietet Strategien zum sicheren Erfassen und Messen einer Degradierung der Puls-Kohärenz mit Hilfe von frequenzaufgelöstem optischem Gating (FROG), spektraler Phaseninterferometrie für die direkte Rekonstruktion elektrischer Felder (SPIDER) und Dispersionsscan (D-scan). Zu diesem Zweck werden Verbesserungen der Charakterisierungstechniken entwickelt. Die in dieser Arbeit entwickelten neuen Werkzeuge eröffnen nun einen Weg zur Untersuchung der Degradierung der Inter-Puls-Kohärenz, was eine zuverlässige Ultrakurzpulsmetrologie ermöglicht und das zuvor nicht nachweisbare Problem der Pulsfolgeninstabilität löst. / The measurement of ultrashort laser pulses is a cornerstone of ultrafast laser physics, as the validity of any experiment depends on the credibility of its measurement technique. However, established pulse characterization techniques often rely on averaging over many pulses. Therefore, they can return incorrect information if the temporal shape varies from pulse to pulse. This thesis provides strategies to safely detect and measure interpulse coherence degradation, using frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG), spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER), and dispersion scan (d-scan). To this end, improvements of the characterization techniques themselves are devised. The set of new tools developed in this thesis now opens up an avenue for the investigation of interpulse coherence degradation, leading to a more reliable ultrashort pulse metrology and solving the previously undetectable problem of pulse train instability.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Physics / Brett D. Esry / The nuclear rotational period of the simplest molecule H[subscript]2[superscript]+ is about 550 fs, which is more than 35 times longer than its vibrational period of 15 fs. The rotational time scale is also much longer than widely available ultra short laser pulses which have 10 fs or less duration. The large difference in rotational period and ultra short laser pulse duration raises questions about the importance of nuclear rotation in theoretical studies of H[subscript]2[superscript]+ dissociation by these pulses. In most studies, reduced-dimensionality calculations are performed by freezing the molecular axis in one direction, referred to as the aligned model. We have systematically compared the aligned model with our full-dimensionality results for total dissociation probability and field-free dynamics of the dissociating fragments. The agreement between the two is only qualitative even for ultra short 10 fs pulses. Post-pulse dynamics of the bound wave function show rotational revivals. Significant alignment of H[subscript]2[superscript]+ occurs at these revivals. Our theoretical formulation to solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation is an important step forward to make quantitative comparison between theory and experiment. We accurately calculate observables such as kinetic energy, angular, and momentum distributions. Reduced-dimensionality calculations cannot predict momentum distributions. Our theoretical approach presents the first momentum distribution of H[subscript]2[superscript]+ dissociation by few cycle laser pulses. These observables can be directly compared to the experiment. After taking into account averaging steps over the experimental conditions, we find remarkable agreement between the theory and experiment. Thus, our theoretical formulation can make predictions. In H[subscript]2[superscript]+ dissociation by pulses less than 10 fs, an asymmetry in the momentum distribution occurs by the interference of different pathways contributing to the same energy. The asymmetry, however, becomes negligible after averaging over experimental conditions. In a proposed pump-probe scheme, we predict an order of magnitude enhancement in the asymmetry and are optimistic that it can be observed.

Recently, laser light sources of different regimes have emerged as an essential tool in the biophotonics research area. Classic applications include, for example: manipulating single cells and their subcellular organelles, sorting cells in microfluidic channels and the cytoplasmic delivery of both genetic and non-genetic matter of varying sizes into mammalian cells. In this thesis several new findings specifically in the optical cell sorting as well as in the photo-transfection study fields are presented. In my optical cell sorting and guiding investigations, a new technique for enhancing the dielectric contrast of mammalian cells, which is a result of cells naturally engulfing polymer microspheres from their environment, is introduced. I explore how these intracellular dielectric tags influence the scattering and gradient forces upon these cells from an externally applied optical field. I show that intracellular polymer microspheres can serve as highly directional optical scatterers and that the scattering force can enable sorting through axial guiding onto laminin coated glass coverslips upon which the selected cells adhere. Following this, I report on transient photo-transfection of mammalian cells including neuroblastomas (rat/mouse and human), embryonic kidney, Chinese hamster ovary as well as pluripotent stem cells using a tightly focused titanium sapphire femtosecond pulsed laser beam spot. These investigations permitted advanced biological studies in femtosecond laser transfection: firstly, the influence of cell passage number on the transfection efficiency; secondly, the possibility to enhance the transfection efficiency via whole culture treatments of cells thereby, synchronizing them at the mitotic (M phase) as well as the synthesis phases (S phase) of the cell cycle; thirdly, this methodology can activate the up-regulation of the protective heat shock protein 70 (hsp70). Finally, I show that this novel technology can also be used to transfect mouse embryonic stem (mES) cell colonies and the ability of differentiating these cells into the extraembryonic endoderm.

Pour un grand nombre d'applications, les sources laser impulsionnelles femtoseconde (fs) doivent fournir des puissances toujours plus importantes. En régime impulsionnel, on recherche d'une part une forte puissance crête par impulsion, et d'autre part une forte puissance moyenne, c'est à dire un taux de répétition élevé. Parmi les technologies existantes, les amplificateurs à fibre optique dopée ytterbium présentent de nombreux avantages pour l'obtention de fortes puissances moyennes, cependant le fort confinement des faisceaux dans la fibre sur de grandes longueurs d'interaction induit inévitablement des effets non-linéaires, et limite ainsi la puissance crête accessible. Nous avons étudié lors de cette thèse la combinaison cohérente d'impulsions fs appliquée aux systèmes fibrés.Ayant déjà fait ses preuves dans les régimes d'amplification continu et nanoseconde, la combinaison cohérente de faisceaux (dite combinaison spatiale) permet de diviser une seule et unique source en N voies indépendantes, disposées en parallèle et incluant chacune un amplificateur. Les faisceaux amplifiés sont ensuite recombinés en espace libre en un seul et unique faisceau, qui contient toute la puissance des N amplificateurs sans accumuler les effets non-linéaires. Cette architecture permet théoriquement de monter d'un facteur N le niveau de puissance crête issu des systèmes d'amplification fibrés. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons démontré la compatibilité et l'efficacité de cette méthode en régime d'amplification fs avec deux amplificateurs, selon différents procédés. Les expériences démontrent d'excellentes efficacités de combinaison ainsi qu'une très bonne préservation des caractéristiques temporelles et spatiales initiales de la source. Les procédés de combinaison cohérente nécessitent cependant un accord de phase entre différents amplificateurs stable dans le temps, assuré en premier lieu par une boucle de rétroaction. Nous avons poursuivi notre étude en concevant une architecture totalement passive, permettant une implémentation plus simple d'un système de combinaison à deux faisceaux sans asservissement électronique. Enfin, une méthode passive de combinaison cohérente dans le domaine temporel est étudiée et caractérisée dans le domaine fs, et implémentée simultanément avec la méthode passive de combinaison spatiale proposée précédemment. Ces expériences démontrent la validité et la variété des concepts proposés, ainsi que leurs nombreuses perspectives pour les systèmes d'amplification fs fibrés. / Applications addressed by femtosecond (fs) laser sources are requiring increasing pulse energies and increasing average powers. Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers are excellent candidates to generate high average powers at high repetition rates, but present strong disadvantages in terms of peak power. Indeed, the tight confinement of the beam over long interaction length induces nonlinear effects at high peak-powers that affect the overall performances of fiber systems. This work describes coherent combining methods that can be used to scale the performances of femtosecond laser sources.Coherent beam combining has been widely used in CW regime and more recently in the nanosecond range. It consists in splitting a single seed into N beam replicas, amplified each by independent amplifiers in parallel. Their respective outputs are combined in free space into one single beam that carries the power of the N amplifiers without cumulating nonlinearities. This architecture allows scaling both peak and average powers of the amplification systems. We have studied and demonstrated the efficiency of active coherent beam combining in the fs regime with two fiber amplifiers, which are peak-power limited. The experiments show the preservation of the temporal/spectral/spatial properties of the combined pulses, with high combination efficiencies.Coherent beam combining methods require phase-matching between all the beams to combine. This is usually achieved by an active feedback loop on each amplifier along with a phase detection scheme. We demonstrate that a Sagnac interferometer can be used to ensure perfect and stable phase-matching over time, which considerably simplifies the setup. Finally, another passive combining method known as divided-pulse amplification, acting in the temporal domain, is studied and demonstrated in the fs regime. It is coupled with the passive spatial combining method described above to scale the number of pulse divisions. All these experiments show the compatibility of coherent combining concepts in the fs regime and provide new opportunities for fiber amplifier systems.

Cette thèse porte sur l’assemblage de verres par impulsions laser femtosecondes. Une source laser femtoseconde à haute fréquence de répétition a été utilisée pour souder des lames de borosilicate de haute qualité de surface. La technique d’assemblage mise en œuvre diffère de la littérature par le système de focalisation utilisé. Un plan d’expériences a été réalisé afin de déterminer l’influence des différents paramètres laser sur les performances des soudures obtenues, démontrant que l’augmentation de la quantité d’énergie déposée améliore les performances mécaniques et thermiques. Les assemblages soudés peuvent atteindre une haute résistance mécanique supérieure à 25 MPa et supporter des chocs thermiques supérieurs à 300 ° C. L’adaptation des paramètres laser en fonction de la distance entre les lames de verre permet de souder des verres hors contact optique. Cette méthode a également été implémentée avec succès à l’assemblage de verre sur du silicium. / This PhD thesis is about glass bonding by femtosecond laser pulses. A femtosecond laser source generating high repetition rate laser pulses has been used to weld borosilicate glass plates with high surface quality. The method presented in this work differs from the literature by the focusing system implemented. The influence of the laser parameters on the bonded samples performances has been studied implementing a design of experiments, demonstrating that the mechanical and thermal resistance of the samples can be improved by increasing the amount of deposited. Thebonded samples provide high mechanical resistance, higher than 25 MPa, can held high thermal shock above 300 °C and present high transparency above 90 %. Glass bonding with a distance between the glass plates has been performed by adapting the laser parameters. Bonding of glass on silicon has also been performed successfully.

O poli (p-fenilenevinileno), ou PPV, é um polímero de grande relevância tecnológica devido a suas propriedades eletroluminescentes, que têm sido exploradas em diodos emissores de luz orgânicos, displays flexíveis e outros dispositivos optoeletrônicos. Embora o PPV seja um material de importância para muitas aplicações, a sua síntese na nano/microescala não pode ser obtida através do método padrão, o qual utiliza o aquecimento de um polímero precursor poli (cloreto de xileno tetrahidrotiofenio) (PTHT). Este trabalho mostra como a microestruturação com pulsos de femtosegundo pode ser empregada para a síntese de PPV em regiões pré-determinadas, empregando três diferentes abordagens, permitindo uma nova metodologia para a fabricação precisa de microcircuitos poliméricos complexos, (i) na primeira abordagem, o processo de conversão é obtido pela irradiação de filmes de PTHT com pulsos laser ultracurtos em regiões previamente determinadas, o que leva ao controle espacial da formação de PPV em microescala, (ii) na segunda abordagem, microestruturas tridimensionais dopadas com PTHT foram fotopolimerizadas por absorção de dois fótons. A conversão de PTHT para PPV nestas microestruturas dopadas foi obtida após um tratamento térmico, (iii) na terceira abordagem, a transferência direta induzida por laser (LIFT) com pulsos de femtossegundos permite a deposição controlada de PPV com alta resolução espacial, fornecendo micropadrões 2D, preservando sua estrutura e propriedades ópticas. As estruturas foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, microscopia óptica de transmissão, microscopia de fluorescência e microscopia confocal de fluorescência. Suas propriedades ópticas foram analisadas através de sistemas de micro-fotoluminescência e micro-absorção implementadas em um microscópio invertido. Medidas de espectroscopia Raman, microscopia de força atômica e medidas elétricas também foram realizadas. Este trabalho mostra como a microestruturação com laser de fs pode ser explorada para a síntese de PPV em regiões pré-determinadas para fabricar uma variedade de microdispositivos, abrindo novos caminhos na optoeletrônica baseada em polímeros. / Poly(p-phenylenevinylene), or PPV, is a polymer of great technological relevance due to its electroluminescent properties, which have been exploited in organic light emitting diodes, flexible displays and other optoelectronic devices. Although PPV is a material of foremost importance for many applications, its synthesis at the nano/micro scale cannot be achieved through the standard method that uses heating of a precursor polymer poly(xylene tetrahydrothiophenium chloride)(PTHT). This work demonstrates the use of direct laser writing with femtosecond pulses to obtain the synthesis of PPV in pre-determined regions, by applying three different approaches, allowing the precise fabrication of complex polymeric microcircuits, (i) in the first approach the conversion process is achieved by irradiating PTHT films with ultra-short laser pulses in previously determined regions, which leads to the spatial control of PPV formation at microscale, (ii) in the second approach, three-dimensional microstructures doped with PTHT were photopolymerized by two photons absorption. The conversion of PTHT to PPV in these doped microstructures was obtained by a subsequent thermal treatment, (iii) in the third approach, laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) with femtosecond pulses enables the controlled deposition of PPV with high spatial resolution, providing 2D micropatterns, while preserving its structure and optical properties. The structures were characterized by scanning electron, fluorescence, transmission and confocal fluorescence microscopies. Their optical properties were analyzed by micro-photoluminescence and micro-absorption setups assembled on an inverted microscope. Raman spectroscopy, electrical measurements and atomic force microscopy were also performed. This thesis shows the use of fs-laser writing methods for the synthesis of PPV in pre-determined regions, to fabricate a variety of microdevices, thus opening new avenues in polymer-based optoelectronics.