El presente proyecto de investigación tiene por finalidad plantear una guía de implementación del Last Planner System, herramienta del Lean Construction, para la etapa de acabados de proyectos multifamiliares, el objetivo es que las empresas que deseen utilizar esta herramienta en sus proyectos de construcción puedan seguir los pasos sugeridos para garantizar una implementación exitosa. El proceso de construcción está marcado por un alto índice de variabilidad, el cual aumenta a medida que los interesados incrementan en número dentro de un solo proyecto. Esto nos lleva a concluir que, de todas las etapas de la construcción la que tendría el mayor índice de variabilidad sería la etapa de acabados. Actualmente, aproximadamente solo 25 empresas constructoras son miembros corporativos del Lean Construction Institute Perú; es decir, se encuentran alineadas con este sistema de gestión, esto a pesar de que el porcentaje de desperdicios que se originan en los proyectos de construcción es de aproximadamente 30% del monto total de la inversión. Para poder realizar el planteamiento de nuestra propuesta, primero desarrollamos los conceptos generales referidos al Lean Construction, Last Planner y los casos de éxito de proyectos que implementaron esta herramienta a nivel mundial y en nuestro país. Posteriormente, evaluamos las métricas y lecciones aprendidas de la fase de casco de dos proyectos ejecutados con sistemas de gestión distintos: tradicional y mediante el uso del Last Planner System. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se planteó la guía de implementación del Last Planner System para la etapa de acabados. / The objective of this research project is to propose an implementation guide of the Last Planner System, a Lean Construction tool, for the finishing phase of multi-family projects, the objective is that companies that need to use this tool in their construction projects can follow suggested steps to ensure a successful implementation. The construction process is marked by a high rate of variability, which increases as the stakeholders increase in number within a single project. This leads us to conclude that, of all the construction stages, the one that would have the highest variability would be the finishing phase. Currently, only 25 construction companies are members of the Lean Construction Institute Peru; it is mean, they are aligned with this management system, even though the percentage of waste originating from construction projects is approximately 30% of the total investment amount. In order to carry out our proposal, we first develop the general concepts related to Lean Construction, Last Planner and the success stories of projects that implemented this tool worldwide and in our country. Subsequently, we evaluate the metrics and lessons learned from the structural phase of two projects executed with different management systems: traditional and using the Last Planner System. From the results obtained, we proposed the implementation guide of the Last Planner System for the finishing phase. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene la finalidad de implementar el Sistema Last Planner como parte de la etapa de planeamiento del expediente técnico de una obra piloto ejecutada bajo administración directa del Gobierno Regional de Cusco. Con la finalidad de gestionar las restricciones identificadas durante la ejecución de obra. Se obtuvo que las principales restricciones fueron la responsabilidad de los ejecutores de obra y a su vez agentes externos de los que depende el avance, los tiempos previstos en el expediente técnico no son flexibles ante cambios o imprevistos y finalmente que los proveedores no cumplen la entrega puntual de bienes y servicios. El contexto se planteó desde las definiciones y normas que rigen al gobierno regional, su sistema de funcionamiento a través de unidades ejecutoras y finalmente a las obras ejecutadas bajo administración directa de la sede central del gobierno regional de donde se seleccionó una obra piloto que culmino su ejecución recientemente para recoger las restricciones y problemas que tuvo. Luego aplicar el sistema Last Planner al expediente técnico de la obra piloto se pudo comparar con el proyecto inicial donde finalmente se concluyó que implementar el Last Planner logra un mejor desempeño al tener herramientas suficientes para garantizar el cumplimiento de las asignaciones en el tiempo establecido, lo que se refleja en menos inventarios intermedios estancados y mejor optimización del uso de mano de obra. / The purpose of this investigation work is to implement the Last Planner System as part of the planning stage of the technical file of a pilot project executed under the direct administration of the Regional Government of Cusco. To manage the restrictions identified during the execution of the work. It was found that the main restrictions were the responsibility of the work executors and external agents on which progress depends, the times provided in the technical dossier are not flexible to changes or unforeseen events and finally that suppliers do not meet the timely delivery of goods and services. The context was approached from the definitions and norms that govern the regional government, its system of operation through executing units and finally to the works executed under direct administration of the regional government headquarters, from which a pilot work was selected that recently finished its execution to collect the restrictions and problems it had. After applying the Last Planner system to the technical file of the pilot project, it was possible to compare it with the initial project where it was finally concluded that implementing the Last Planner system achieves better performance by having sufficient tools to guarantee the fulfillment of the assignments in the established time, which is reflected in less intermediate inventories stagnant and better optimization of the use of labor. / Tesis

A través del presente estudio queremos demostrar los beneficios de la aplicación combinada de los métodos Earned Value Management (EVM) y Last Planner® System (LPS) en la programación semanal de proyectos de construcción que involucren muros de contención para sótanos; para lo cual, hemos utilizado como base el estudio de “Combined Application of Earned Value Management and Last Planner® System in Construction Projects” Novinsky et al (2018), que consiste en una combinación en materia de Project Management y Lean Construction, aplicando el estudio en la construcción de muros anclados con el método pachamanca para un proyecto denominado “Edificio Multifamiliar Liri” ubicado en el distrito de Pueblo Libre, en el que se desarrollarán conjuntamente los métodos antes mencionados. En el primer capítulo desarrollamos los aspectos generales del trabajo de investigación, tales como el planteamiento del problema, los objetivos generales y específicos del presente estudio, el alcance de la ejecución del proyecto, así como la descripción de la metodología empleada para el desarrollo de mismo. En el segundo capítulo detallamos el marco teórico de los métodos señalados en el párrafo precedente; asimismo, los procedimientos del sistema constructivo para muros anclados, encofrados “pachamanca”, detallando algunos conceptos complementarios al desarrollo de la presente investigación. En el tercer capítulo, delimitamos algunos alcances referidos al Proyecto “Edificio Multifamiliar Liri”, tales como su ubicación, estructura de desglose de trabajo, programación de obra, hitos de control, cronograma valorizado, así como información adicional relacionada al proyecto. En el cuarto capítulo, desarrollamos el cuerpo del presente estudio, demostrando la aplicación combinada de los métodos Earned Value Management (EVM) y Last Planner® System (LPS); así como el modelo de implementación. En el quinto capítulo, presentamos los resultados obtenidos, así como el detalle del análisis de datos realizados. Finalmente, en el capítulo sexto, describimos las conclusiones y recomendaciones formuladas luego de haber realizado el presente estudio, las mismas que esperamos sean de utilidad e interés para la industria de la construcción. / By means of the current study we want to demonstrate the benefits of the combined application of the Earned Value Management (EVM) and Last Planner® System (LPS) methods in the weekly scheduling of construction projects that involve retaining walls for basements; because of this we have used as a basis the study of “Combined Application of Earned Value Management and Last Planner® System in Construction Projects”, Novinsky et al (2018), that consists in a combination in terms of the Project Management and Lean Construction, applicating the study in the construction of anchored walls with the pachamanca method for a project called “Edificio Multifamiliar Liri” located in the district of Pueblo Libre, in which they develop together the methods previously mentioned. In the first chapter, we develop the general aspects of the research study, such as the problem statement, the general and specific objectives of the current study, the scope of the Project implementation, as well of the description of the methodology used for its development. In the second chapter we detail the theoretical framework of the methods indicated in the previous paragraph. Likewise, the procedures of the construction system for anchored walls, formwork “pachamanca”, detailing some complementary concepts to the development of the current research. In the third chapter, we delimit some statements referred to the Project “Edificio Multifamiliar Liri”, as its location, work breakdown structure, work schedule, control milestones, valued schedule, as well as additional information related to the project. In the fourth chapter, the body of the present research, demonstrating the combined application of the Earned Value Management (EVM) and Last Planner® System (LPS) methods; as well as the implementation model. In the fifth chapter, we present the results obtained, as well as the detail of the data analysis performed. Finally, in the sixth chapter, we describe the conclusions and recommendations formulated after being carried out the current study, the ones that we hope that are useful and interesting for the construction industry. / Trabajo de investigación

Las empresas constructoras del sector inmobiliario, conforme se acercan a la fecha de entrega del proyecto, enfrentan mayor dificultad para culminarlo. Esto, por lo general, sucede cuando la obra se encuentra alrededor de un 90 % de avance, y el 10 % de avance restante no se comporta de la misma manera que lo ya realizado, generándose ampliaciones de plazo. Cuando se produce esta condición, decimos que se ha generado el Síndrome del 90 %. La gran mayoría de las empresas constructoras del sector inmobiliario plantean su programación de obra en base a la Curva S, o Curva de Avance, y descuidan el control de lo que se viene liberando en la obra. Este comportamiento es el principal motivo por el cual se genera el Síndrome del 90 %, razón por la cual se realiza el presente trabajo de investigación, para diseñar una metodología que reconozca, mitigue y revierta los efectos negativos que este síndrome pueda producir. La propuesta ha sido aplicada a un proyecto multifamiliar en curso y plantea generar una curva adicional a la tradicional Curva S haciendo uso del Last Planner® System. Se trata de la Curva de Liberación, la cual recogerá la data de cómo se están produciendo las liberaciones de partidas de nuestra obra, otorgándonos información que nos permita elaborar una programación que nos aleje del Síndrome del 90 % y de los efectos negativos que éste produce, tales como la ampliación de plazos, el incremento en los costos, las penalidades por no cumplimiento y una segura afectación a la imagen comercial de la empresa. / As the building companies in the real estate sector approach the project delivery date, they face greater difficulty finishing it. This, in general, happens when the work is around 90% complete, and the remaining 10% progress does not behave in the same way as what has already been done, generating an increase in the schedule. When this condition occurs, we say that the 90% Syndrome has been generated. The vast majority of building companies in the real estate sector plan their work schedule based on the S Curve, or progress curve, and neglect to control what is being released in the work. This behavior is the main reason why the 90% Syndrome is generated, which is why this research work is carried out, to design a methodology that recognizes, mitigates and reverses the negative effects that this syndrome may produce. The proposal has been applied to an ongoing multifamily building and proposes generating an additional curve to the traditional S Curve using the Last Planner® System. This is the release curve, which will collect the data on how the releases of items of our work are taking place, providing us with information that allows us to develop a schedule that moves us away from the 90% Syndrome and the negative effects it produces, such as the schedule increase, the cost increase, penalties for non-completion and a certain impact on the commercial image of the company. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación plantea la implementación y desarrollo de un planeamiento para el aseguramiento del flujo de construcción mediante la innovación con last planner system aplicado como ejemplo en un proyecto de edificación de gran envergadura. Los proyectos en el sector de edificaciones tienen una premisa constante en ser más cortos en plazo y ajustado en presupuesto, esto genera que el riesgo aumente por esta condición contractual y de mercado teniendo como consecuencia el reto al equipo de construcción para poder optimizar y sincerar el planeamiento inicial con el cual fue adjudicado. En este trabajo de investigación se ha desarrollado soluciones como crítica al planeamiento inicial en el cual durante la ejecución se había perdido plazo poniendo en riesgo el proyecto. Es por ello que, se planteó como soluciones lo siguiente: Encofrado de vigas prearmado, desfase de núcleo de ascensor y optimización de torre grúa. Estas optimizaciones y cambios al planeamiento inicial se ejecutaron con éxito en el proyecto de manera que se obtuvo como resultado la recuperación del plazo y adelanto en la ejecución. / This research work proposes the implementation and development of a strategic planning for the assurance of the construction flow through innovation applied as an example in a large-scale building project. The projects in the building sector have a constant premise of being shorter in terms of time and tight in budget, this generates that the risk increases due to this contractual and market condition, resulting in the challenge to the construction team to be able to optimize and honest the initial planning with which it was awarded. In this research work, solutions have been developed as critical to the initial planning in which, during the execution, time had been lost, putting the project at risk. That is why the following solutions were proposed: pre-assembled beam formwork, elevator core offset and tower crane optimization. These optimizations and changes to the initial planning were successfully executed in the project, resulting in the recovery of the deadline and advancement in the execution. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene la finalidad de estudiar los procesos de gestión de la cadena de abastecimiento y su correlación con la información necesaria para la gestión y control de las actividades propias del área de producción en obra, dentro de un proyecto de inversión pública para un Hospital de categoría III-1 ubicado en la región Huánuco. Dentro de este contexto se desarrollarán indicadores de la cadena de abastecimiento que permitirán evaluar la situación presentada en el mencionado proyecto con referencia al seguimiento logístico y cómo se impacta posteriormente la gestión Last Planner. En el capítulo 1: Se detallan aspectos generales del presente trabajo de investigación, se realiza el planteamiento del problema, se determina el objetivo general y los objetivos específicos, justificación, alcances y limitaciones. En el capítulo 2: Se detalla el Marco Teórico, introduciendo los conceptos básicos de la cadena de abastecimiento, conceptos de la gestión de adquisiciones acorde al Project Management Institute 6ta edición, el Lean Project Delivery System según lean Construction Institute, la cadena de abastecimiento de los proyectos constructivos según London y Kenley, la Gestión por procesos, la clasificación ABC y la definición de los indicadores logísticos. En el capítulo 3: Se realizó el análisis del entorno situacional, dentro del Macro y Micro entorno, además se hizo el análisis interno de la empresa ejecutora del proyecto de investigación, complementando esto con la descripción y diagnóstico del proyecto, para compararlo con otros similares como: el Hospital Nivel III-2: Lima, el Hospital Alta Complejidad III-E: Trujillo y el Hospital II-1: Rioja. En el capítulo 4: Se desarrolla el análisis de los indicadores de gestión y de las pérdidas económicas del proyecto, además se plantea la propuesta de mejora que consiste en un Plan de Implementación, medición, análisis y retroalimentación de la cadena de abastecimiento y su impacto en la productividad del proyecto hospitalario mediante el empleo de indicadores, cerrando el capítulo con una evaluación económica de dicha propuesta. En el capítulo 5: Refiere las conclusiones y recomendaciones que se traducirán en alternativas de mejora con el fin de alcanzar el objetivo central del presente trabajo de investigación. Finalmente, el presente trabajo de investigación busca ser un aporte en el desarrollo y ejecución de proyectos hospitalarios tan necesarios actualmente debido a la presente coyuntura de salud en el país. / The present investigation has the purpose of studying supply chain management processes and their correlation with the information necessary for the management and control of the activities of the production area on-site, within a public investment project for a level III-1 Hospital placed in Huánuco region. In this context, it will be developed supply chain indicators that allow testing the present situation in the studied project involving supply tracking and its impact on last planner management. On Chapter 1: General aspects of this research are detailed, the problem statement is carried out, the general objective and the specific objectives, justification, scope and limitations are determined. On Chapter 2: The theory frame is detailed, introducing the basic concepts of the supply chain, concepts of procurement management according to the Project Management Institute 6th edition, the Lean Project Delivery System according to the Lean Construction Institute, the supply chain of construction projects according to London and Kenley, Management by processes, ABC classification and the definition of logistics indicators. On Chapter 3: The situational environment analysis carried out, within the Macro and Microenvironment, in addition, the internal analysis of the company executing the research project developed, complementing this with the description and diagnosis of the project, to compare it with other similar ones such as Hospital Nivel III-2: Lima, the High Complexity Hospital III-E: Trujillo and the II-1 Hospital: Rioja. On Chapter 4: The analysis of the management indicators and the economic losses of the project developed, in addition, the improvement proposal proposed, which comprises an Implementation Plan, measurement, analysis, and feedback of the supply chain and its productivity impact of the hospital project through the use of indicators, closing the chapter with an economic evaluation of the proposal. On chapter 5: It refers to the conclusions and recommendations that will be translated into alternatives for improvement in order to achieve the central objective of this research work Finally, the present research seeks to be a contribution to the development and execution of hospital projects that are so necessary for the current health situation in the country. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

O processo de projeto tem importante papel na geração de valor, pois define o produto de forma que este atenda às necessidades do cliente. No entanto, o planejamento e controle deste processo na indústria da construção são, em geral, informais e ineficazes. Estes problemas tendem a ser mais graves em empreendimentos rápidos e complexos, quando envolvem sistemas pré-fabricados, normalmente caracterizados como sistemas do tipo engineer-to-order (ETO). Visando a aprimorar o processo de projeto, muitas empresas tem implementado conceitos e princípios da produção enxuta, podendo ser destacado o uso do Sistema Last Planner (SLP), que contribui para proteger a produção da variabilidade do processo, assim como para eliminá-la. O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de planejamento e controle de projetos em empresas que projetam, fabricam e montam sistemas pré-fabricados, com características de sistema de produção do tipo ETO. Foi realizado um estudo empírico no setor de projetos de empresa de sistemas construtivos metálicos, com sede na Região Sul do Brasil. Inicialmente, o SLP foi implementado em duas equipes de projeto, sendo refinado e adaptado ao contexto da empresa. Depois, o SLP refinado foi implementado em outras quatro equipes. Como principais contribuições destacam-se o papel do modelo proposto no aumento da transparência de processos e na melhoria da confiabilidade deste processo, possibilitando o planejamento integrado entre as equipes de projeto. O modelo pode ser aplicado a sistemas pré-fabricados do tipo ETO, não somente no contexto de sistemas construtivos metálicos, mas em equipes de projetos que desenvolvem múltiplos projetos simultaneamente. / The design process plays an important role in value generation, since it defines the products that must meet customer needs. However, design planning and control in the construction industry are often informal and ineffective. This problem tends to bring serious consequences, especially in fast and complex projects that involve prefabricated building systems, normally defined as engineer-to-order (ETO) environments. In order to improve the design process, several companies have implemented lean production concepts and principles, and especially the Last Planner System (LPS) for production control, which shields production from upstream variability as well as contributes for reducing it. The aim of this study is to propose a model for planning and controlling the design process in companies that design, manufacture and assemble prefabricated ETO building systems. An empirical study was carried out is the design department of a steel fabricator based in Southern Brazil. Initially, LPS was implemented in two design teams, being refined and adapted to the context of the company. Then, the existing LPS was implemented in four other design teams. The main contributions of this investigation is the role of the proposed model in increasing process transparency and improving the reliability of the design process, making it possible to produce an integrated plan for the whole design department. This model is not limited to steel fabricators, but is applicable to any ETO prefabricated building systems, in which design teams carry out multiple design projects simultaneously.

This thesis describes a research investigation into the implementation of the Last Planner System (LPS) in Nigeria, to improve construction processes within the Nigerian construction industry. LPS is known to be the most developed practical use of Lean Construction. It focuses on minimising the negative impacts of variability, uncertainties, buffers, making projects more predictable, creating reliable work plans and convalescing collaborative planning. However, the Nigerian construction industry is associated with a number of challenges which impair its performance. These challenges were grouped and classified into six major barriers: these include: supervision and quality control, fluctuation and variations, subcontractor involvement, resistance to change, cultural issues, and lengthy approvals. Consequently, a Design Science Research (DSR) approach is adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing LPS in construction projects in Nigeria. In order to achieve this aim, an Action Research strategy is adopted and three case studies are reported; two of these cases describe how LPS was successfully implemented in construction projects within Nigeria. While the third case involved an investigation into the state of production plan reliability, of a successful project in Nigeria. These projects were selected based on non-probabilistic sampling from different geographical locations in Nigeria to represent different kinds of construction projects within the country. The first and second cases involved the implementation of LPS within the construction of a prototype student’s hostel and the construction a 4 Kilometre single carriageway road respectively. The third on the other hand involved the construction of a multipurpose hydro-power dam project; where comparisons were made between typical LPS projects and the project management techniques applied within the project. Data was collected through observation site activities, interviews, documentary analysis and questionnaire survey. The data generated was subsequently analysed by means of content analysis and evaluated in terms of its reliability, validity, representativeness, flexibility, rigour and reflexivity. In view of the LPS implementation within the two case studies, six barriers were identified and classified together with the six barriers associated with the Nigerian Construction industry. These barriers were linked, measured and ranked in averages of their degrees of occurrences. It was revealed that the major barriers were cultural issues and resistance to change, while the others include; lengthy approval, subcontractor’s involvement, poor supervision and quality, fluctuations and variations. Hence, a framework was developed to mitigate these barriers, when implementing LPS in construction projects in Nigeria. The main steps of the framework include: the need to identify purpose; the need to identify stakeholders impact; the need to obtain Sponsorship; the need to build a cross functional team; the need to create measurement indices; the need for training on Lean techniques and LPS; and finally the need to create a right working climate. Furthermore a focus group between construction practitioners was organised to test and evaluate the framework developed. It was revealed from the focus group that the framework has the potential to facilitate the implementation process as proposed.

O processo de projeto tem importante papel na geração de valor, pois define o produto de forma que este atenda às necessidades do cliente. No entanto, o planejamento e controle deste processo na indústria da construção são, em geral, informais e ineficazes. Estes problemas tendem a ser mais graves em empreendimentos rápidos e complexos, quando envolvem sistemas pré-fabricados, normalmente caracterizados como sistemas do tipo engineer-to-order (ETO). Visando a aprimorar o processo de projeto, muitas empresas tem implementado conceitos e princípios da produção enxuta, podendo ser destacado o uso do Sistema Last Planner (SLP), que contribui para proteger a produção da variabilidade do processo, assim como para eliminá-la. O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de planejamento e controle de projetos em empresas que projetam, fabricam e montam sistemas pré-fabricados, com características de sistema de produção do tipo ETO. Foi realizado um estudo empírico no setor de projetos de empresa de sistemas construtivos metálicos, com sede na Região Sul do Brasil. Inicialmente, o SLP foi implementado em duas equipes de projeto, sendo refinado e adaptado ao contexto da empresa. Depois, o SLP refinado foi implementado em outras quatro equipes. Como principais contribuições destacam-se o papel do modelo proposto no aumento da transparência de processos e na melhoria da confiabilidade deste processo, possibilitando o planejamento integrado entre as equipes de projeto. O modelo pode ser aplicado a sistemas pré-fabricados do tipo ETO, não somente no contexto de sistemas construtivos metálicos, mas em equipes de projetos que desenvolvem múltiplos projetos simultaneamente. / The design process plays an important role in value generation, since it defines the products that must meet customer needs. However, design planning and control in the construction industry are often informal and ineffective. This problem tends to bring serious consequences, especially in fast and complex projects that involve prefabricated building systems, normally defined as engineer-to-order (ETO) environments. In order to improve the design process, several companies have implemented lean production concepts and principles, and especially the Last Planner System (LPS) for production control, which shields production from upstream variability as well as contributes for reducing it. The aim of this study is to propose a model for planning and controlling the design process in companies that design, manufacture and assemble prefabricated ETO building systems. An empirical study was carried out is the design department of a steel fabricator based in Southern Brazil. Initially, LPS was implemented in two design teams, being refined and adapted to the context of the company. Then, the existing LPS was implemented in four other design teams. The main contributions of this investigation is the role of the proposed model in increasing process transparency and improving the reliability of the design process, making it possible to produce an integrated plan for the whole design department. This model is not limited to steel fabricators, but is applicable to any ETO prefabricated building systems, in which design teams carry out multiple design projects simultaneously.