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Regardless of industry or job type, most organizations aim to recruit large qualified applicant pools via job advertisements or postings. With little control over those individuals that choose to apply and those that do not, organizations and their recruiters are likely to do what they can to increase their applicant pool. This allows for more options in potential hires during the selection process. In order to control the applicant pool as much as possible, recruiters can try and influence potential applicants through the posted job advertisement. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that many recruiters will write a slightly inflated or overly positive view of the job in order to appeal to more applicants. However, individuals job searching may perceive this attempt as misleading or deceptive. In order to understand perceived deception in job advertisements and what features of their text elicits an overall negative attitude towards the advertisement, this study proposes a mainly exploratory approach to discover if there is a homogenous higher-level construct of perceived deceptiveness or if there is a more person-centered approach via latent profile analysis (LPA) to explain what applicants perceived as deceptive. After the nature of perceived deceptiveness is better understood, this study aims to utilize natural language processing (NLP) topic modeling to find common deceptive topics within different dimensions of the job posting such as, pay, benefits, qualifications, etc. With the limited empirical guidance provided to practitioners, the proposed study can help facilitate research on best practices in job advertisement writing to gain qualified and quality candidates. In turn, those candidates will tend to maintain positive attitudes towards the job and organization, which can persist even after being hired. / Doctor of Philosophy / In today's job market, organizations aim to attract qualified applicants through appealing job advertisements. However, some applicants may perceive these attempts as misleading or deceptive. This study explores whether there is a common view of what is deceptive within the text of a job advertisement or if it varies based on individualized perceptions. This study aims to classify different types of applicants and their associated perception of deception in job ads. This study also employs natural language processing techniques to analyze the language used in job advertisements, pinpointing common deceptive themes in various sections of the job posting, such as pay, benefits, and qualifications. By uncovering how people perceive deception in job ads, this study hopes to provide valuable insights to organizations for crafting more honest and transparent job postings. This can attract high-quality candidates who maintain positive attitudes towards the job and organization, ultimately contributing to improved hiring practices and fostering a more positive work environment.

Recent literature has noted that not all youth who experience adverse circumstances (e.g. poverty, exposure to violence, maltreatment) end up displaying expected unfavorable outcomes (e.g. academic failure, depression, drug dependence); in fact, some youth display “resilience,” broadly understood as adaptive functioning in the face of adversity (Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000). Overall, research on resilience has offered a new approach to the study of at-risk populations, emphasizing the study of strengths, processes, and mechanisms among individuals and communities that may favor positive adaptation, rather than emphasizing deficits among those experiencing adversity (Schoon, 2012). Although resilience research has come a long way, the importance of cultural processes in resilience only recently has been considered, there is still a dearth of studies among diverse contexts and cultural groups (Betancourt et al., 2011), and there is a lack of prospective analyses examining the stability of resilience over time (O’Dougherty et al., 2015). The present study examined the existence of profiles of adjustment among youth who had experienced some kind of adversity in three contexts: (1) Medellin, Colombia (n = 967); (2) Guatemala (n = 2.470); and (3) Chicago, USA (n=491), as well as protective factors associated with profile classification. Furthermore, the continuity of profiles over time was examined in the Chicago sample. Results showed that for each context, diverse profiles of adjustment emerge in the presence of adversity. For all contexts some youth were classified as either resilient (defined as scoring 1 SD above or below the mean on selected indicators) or as holding steady (scoring above the mean but less than 1 SD). Profiles exhibiting high levels of internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, or problems across domains also were identified across contexts. Protective factors at the individual (e.g. sex, intelligence, prosocial behavior) and at the contextual (e.g. family cohesion, prosocial peers, positive relationship with teacher) levels proved relevant for profile classification, with some factors being relevant in one context but not in another. Prospective analyses revealed both continuity and discontinuity in profile classification among youth in Chicago, with some youth remaining classified in the same group across time points, whereas others transitioned between groups. These results highlight the importance of studying resilience in context, given that what constitutes a salient protective factor for some youth may not be relevant for others. Moreover, these results show that as youth negotiate developmental tasks within their ecologies, there is potential for both continuity and discontinuity in resilience processes. The results can inform prevention and intervention efforts aiming to work from a strength based approach.

Objective: The efficacy of bariatric surgery has been proven; however, a subset of patients fails to achieve expected long-term weight loss postoperatively. As differences in surgery outcome may be influenced by heterogeneous psychological profiles in pre-bariatric patients, previous subtyping models differentiated patients based on temperament traits. The objective of the present study was to expand these models by additionally considering emotion dysregulation and disinhibited eating behaviors for subtyping, as these factors were associated with maladaptive eating behaviors and poor post-bariatric weight loss outcome. Methods: Within a prospective multicenter registry, N = 370 pre-bariatric patients were examined using interview and self-report questionnaires. A latent profile analysis was performed to identify subtypes based on temperament traits, emotion dysregulation, and disinhibited eating behaviors. Results: Five pre-bariatric subtypes were identified with specific profiles regarding self control, emotion dysregulation, and disinhibited eating behaviors. Subtypes were associated with different levels of eating disorder psychopathology, depression, and quality of life. The expanded model increased variance explanation compared to temperament-based models. Conclusion: By adding emotion dysregulation and disinhibited eating behaviors to previous subtyping models, specific pre-bariatric subtypes emerged with distinct psychological deficit patterns. Future investigations should test the predictive value of these subtypes for post bariatric weight loss and health-related outcomes.

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American youth are leaving organized religion at historical levels. Given that religious and political similarity (consensual solidarity) tends to strengthen affectual solidarity (emotional connection) in parent-adolescent dyads, decreasing adolescent religiousness and increasing political disagreements may threaten family social cohesion. However, during adolescence, youth empathy skills tend to increase and adolescents’ conflict with their parents tends to eventually subside. Based on principles outlined in intergenerational family solidarity theory, I hypothesized that adolescent empathy skills and authoritative parenting style would buffer the negative relational effects of religious and political discrepancies within the parent-adolescent relationship. I used Waves 2-4 (referred to as Times 1-3) of parent-adolescent data drawn from the Family Foundations of Youth Development study (Time 2 N = 1764 families) to understand patterns of discrepancy using a person-centered analysis. As a first step in latent profile analysis, I enumerated five distinct classes in Time 2 using the indicators of religious and political identities and social cohesion at both Times 2 and 3, alongside the covariates of adolescent empathy, parenting styles, and demographic controls. Next, I labeled the five classes as follows: Class 1 – Less Religious Parents Politically Mixed (26% of the sample, n = 665); Class 2 – More Religious Parents Moderate Conservative (26% of the sample, n = 399); Class 3 – Both Somewhat Religious Conservative (20% of the sample, n = 254); Class 4 – Least Religious Adolescents Politically Mixed (14% of the sample, n = 236); and Class 5 – More Religious Adolescents Very Conservative (14% of the sample, n = 210). Finally, I compared the five classes on the longitudinal distal outcome of social cohesion at Time 3. The Less Religious Parents Politically Mixed families predicted significantly less social cohesion while the Both Somewhat Religious Conservative families predicted significantly higher social cohesion from Time 2 to 3.

Although organizational citizenship behaviors toward individuals (OCB-I) have been studied over decades, the beneficiary side of OCB-I has been understudied. The co-existing and interactive possibility of benefactor OCB-I and beneficiary OCB-I within individuals has been ignored. Therefore, this research adopted a person-centered approach and examined different profiles of benefactor OCB-I and beneficiary OCB-I on the basis of Grant’s (2013) theory. Results from Study 1 data (cross-sectional data) and Study 2 data (multiple waves of data) revealed the three profile groups: vigorous (high benefactor OCB-I and high beneficiary OCB-I), moderate (moderate benefactor OCB-I and moderate beneficiary OCB-I), and passive OCB-I groups (low benefactor OCB-I and low beneficiary OCB-I). Also, the three profiles were significantly differentiated by positive affect, other-oriented empathy, task interdependence, and job satisfaction. Furthermore, the vigorous OCB-I group showed the lowest psychological strain while the passive OCB-I group showed the lowest physical strain. The results offer theoretical implications for Grant’s (2013) theory, OCB-I and employee health research, and equity theory in comparison to conservation of resources theory. In addition, practical implications for enhancing employee health are discussed.