abstract: In the last years of the twentieth century, while the narrative of women in other Latin American countries has received critical attention, Bolivian women's narrative has been widely ignored. The fact that the voice of Bolivian women in Latin American feminist discourse is rarely discussed in Latin American criticism is enough to justify the present study. This work focuses on three prominent Bolivian writers: Gaby Vallejos, Giovanna Rivero Santa Cruz, and Erika Bruzonic. The short stories of these three authors are characterized by accentuating certain telluric features revealed in the background of their feminine/feminist narratives. At the same time, based on the American and European feminist literary critique, this work analyzes the feminine/feminist themes mounted in the narrative of these authors. Gaby Vallejos, with a cinematic style, chronicles the life and customs of the "valluno" context, building a mosaic of different voices in dialogue. Her topics revolve around binaries: life-death, and pain and pleasure, voicing condemnation for a patriarchal society. Ericka Bruzonic deals with women and identity, memory and the breaking of lineage as an imposing structure. Her themes are built around the cosmopolitism of "paceña" urban life, and her voice transgresses the binomials established by a patriarchal society. Finally Giovanna Rivero Santa Cruz takes the life and customs of the Santa Cruz and the Guarani culture and her plots weave these elements reaching for myths and taboos, involving the reader into her stories. In this manner, her narrative makes an incursion into the conscious and unconscious realm of the readers questioning their wealth of moral and social values, their notions of heterosexuality, and sexual taboos. The three writers, with different narrative styles yet dialogical, narrate various experiences of women from different regions, social classes, ages, education, and sexual orientations. Our authors give high value to the word and the body embedded in the culture, thereby affirming their woman's voice as Bolivians and their literary presence in the context of Latin American literature. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Spanish 2013

abstract: Since the Enlightenment, humanist philosophy has understood materiality as an inert and determinate world categorically separate from the sphere of consciousness and language. However, after evolving significantly during the 20th century, the natural sciences now recognize the complexity, indeterminacy and agency of matter. A parallel transformation can be observed in contemporary Spanish and Latin American literature and is exemplified in the works of Cristina Peri Rossi and Cecilia Vicuña. Drawing on knowledge which emerges from the natural sciences, the humanities and personal experience, these poets explore multiple dimensions of materiality from the microscopic world of subatomic particles and DNA molecules to the macroscopic world of the body and the structure of the universe. The theoretical orientation of this study emerges from posthumanism, which critiques the epistemological foundations of humanist thought and reconfigures reductionist concepts of matter, discourse, the subject, and agency which are grounded in dualistic ontology. Material feminist theorists explore materiality through interdisciplinary approaches which establish a dialogue between posthumanism, feminist theory and the natural sciences. The material feminist Karen Barad proposes an agential realist ontology which constitutes the principal theoretical framework of this thesis. According to Barad, phenomena are not exclusively social or material but rather material-discursive practices, and the concept of agency is reconfigured as the product of the dynamics of intra-action rather than an as an attribute restricted to the human sphere. Furthermore, this thesis utilizes diverse materials from the areas of literary criticism and scientific research in order to achieve an authentically interdisciplinary interpretation of materiality in the poetry. Peri Rossi and Vicuña express a profound questioning of the fundamental assumptions of humanism and offer perspectives which take into account matter's agency and dynamism. Their poetry presents materiality as a constant process of creation and as an active participant in the unfolding of reality, thereby opening up new horizons of investigation. By interpreting the works of Peri Rossi and Vicuña through the lens of posthumanist theory, this study contributes to a growing body of interdisciplinary approaches to contemporary Spanish and Latin American literature. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Spanish 2013

abstract: Las personas públicas de mujeres fuertes mexicanas generalmente se definen como desafiantes y contrarias a los roles sociales generalmente aceptados de las mujeres sumisas. Dichas personas públicas exigen atención y buscan incluirse en la cultura popular. Sin embargo, cuando se analizan mediante los rubros de la teoría queer, se revelan arquetipos heternormativos. Esta tesis examina cronológicamente la obra de tres cronistas mexicanos de los siglos XX y XXI, Salvador Novo, Carlos Monsiváis y Sara Sefchovich, analizando su retrato de mujeres fuertes que ocupan sitios urbanos públicos en la Ciudad de México. Se investigan los efectos sociales elitistas de las imágenes públicas de mujeres fuertes, revelando restricciones patriarcales de mujeres en espacios públicos y construcciones subsecuentes de personas públicas como exóticas y cosificadas, asimismo facilitando interacciones con una sociedad sumamente masculinista y machista. La falta de agencialidad social real se revela cuando el patriarcado se reafirma, a pesar de la índole disconforme de las mujeres retratadas. Los constructos de familia y de masculinidad exigen la existencia tanto del padre y del esposo ausentes como del hipermacho y de la acompañante mujer sumisa limitada a sitios privados. El retrato de mujeres fuertes en la obra analizada desnaturaliza la imagen de domesticidad, señalando que las mujeres mexicanas salen del hogar para ocupar sitios públicos en la Ciudad de México. Como la normalización del constructo de familia se cuestiona, la teoría queer se utiliza en una manera innovadora para analizar dichos retratos de mujeres fuertes y agencialidad sociopolítica. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Spanish 2013

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o riso e os elementos propiciadores do risível nas obras Alô, Doçura! Os protocolos secretos da AMOAL (2008), do escritor amazonense Simão Pessoa, e Era uma vez o amor mas tive que matá-lo (2006b) e Técnicas de masturbación entre Batman y Robin (2010), do escritor colombiano Efraim Medina Reyes, à luz dos pressupostos teóricos, principalmente de Henri Bergson, Vladímir Propp e Mikhail Bakhtin. Para tanto, foi necessário discutir as relações literárias entre a Amazônia e a América Latina e inserir os escritores na narrativa contemporânea. Também foi necessário estudar os movimentos contraculturais Geração Beat e Geração McOndo, assim como a estética do realismo sujo, com o objetivo de verificar suas influências na produção literária dos referidos escritores. A partir da metodologia utilizada, imbricada na Literatura Comparada, busquei um diálogo entre o corpus ficcional e os pressupostos teóricos e percebi que o humor do riso medieval, ou seja, o riso carnavalizado e grotesco, está presente ainda hoje na contemporaneidade. Ao final da análise pude constatar que Simão Pessoa e Medina Reyes estão filiados à tradição literária carnavalesca e à estética do riso. / This work has for objective to analyze the laughter and the elements which do it of the laughable in the works Alô, Doçura! Os protocolos secretos da AMOAL (2008), of the amazon writer Simão Pessoa, and Era uma vez o amor mas tive que matá-lo (2006b) and Técnicas de masturbación entre Batman y Robin (2010), of the Colombian writer Efraim Medina Reyes, to the light of theoretical presuppositions, mainly of Henri Bergson, Vladimir Propp and Mikhail Bakhtin. For so much, it was necessary to discuss the literary relationships between the Amazonian and Latin America and to insert the writers in the contemporary narrative. It was also necessary to study the counterculture movements Beat Generation and McOndo Generation, as well as the aesthetics of the dirty realism, with the objective of verifying its influences in the referred writers literary production. Starting from the used methodology, interlaced in the Compared Literature, looked for a dialogue between the corpus fictional and the and the theoretical presuppositions and I noticed that the humor of the medieval laughter, in other words, carnivalization and grotesque laughter, it is still today present in the contemporary hood. At the end of the analysis I could verify that Simão Pessoa and Medina Reyes are adopted to the carnival literary tradition and the aesthetic of the laughter.

Orientador: Francisco Foot Hardman / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T18:57:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Colombo_NataliaRuggiero_M.pdf: 761892 bytes, checksum: bc7a3657d7d4d8ff081dbab511eb3e7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho pretende investigar as relações entre realidade e ficção em Mario Benedetti debruçando-se, para isso, sobre três romances do autor - Primavera con una esquina rota (1982), La borra del café (1992) e Andamios (1996) - cuja temática principal é o exílio e o desexilio políticos inseridos no contexto da ditadura militar. Pretende-se, na análise dos textos, estudar a função da presença de elementos autobiográficos e a composição literária realizada pelo autor que faz com que o leitor se depare, na totalidade da obra, com uma representação da realidade, e não o simples registro dela mesma. Discutindo, inclusive, conceitos como o de memória, ficção, identidade, linguagem e hibridez de gêneros / Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between fiction and reality in the work of Mario Benedetti. It focuses three novels that approach the topics of exile and return from exile in the context of Uruguay's civic-military dictatorship: Primavera con unaesquinarota (1982), La borradel café (1992) and Andamios (1996). It analyses the function autobiographical elements play in the author's narrative, and the literary style in these novels - that present readers with a representation of reality rather than simply registering facts. Additionally, this study discusses the concepts of memory, fiction, identity, language and cross-genre / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestra em Teoria e História Literária

[pt] Ao construir uma literatura moderna e, assim, baseada no pressuposto da solidão e do desaparecimento do autor, Juan Carlos Onetti (1909-1994) termina criando para si um personagem público que sustenta ao longo de sua vida e que reflete sua ética da literatura e suas idéias sobre a função do escritor. Esta tese se ocupa do modo como surge esse personagem, suas principais marcas, o modo como ele se expressa, partindo do contexto em que Onetti se forma, passando pela construção de sua figura de escritor, para então tratar dos personagens escritores dentro de sua obra ficcional e terminar com os personagens de seus personagens, observando as marcas de sua concepção de autor na construção narrativa. Para tanto, foi utilizado um corpus composto por textos críticos e entrevistas diversas do escritor na imprensa, sua biografia e seus textos ficcionais, em especial alguns dos romances que compõem a chamada Saga da Santa María. / [en] Writing a modern literature, based on the values of solitude and the disappearance of the author, Juan Carlos Onetti (1909-1994) created a public character that accompanied him along his life and which mirrors his ethics of literature and his ideas about the role of the writer. This dissertation studies the origins of this character, its main characteristics, and the way it expresses itself. The text begins by the context in which Onetti starts writing, and then discusses the construction of a writer figure, the writer characters in Onetti’s fiction and, finally the characters created by other characters. The corpus includes critical texts, interviews, Onetti’s biography and his fictional texts, particularly the novels that integrate the Saga of Santa María.

After the end of War World II, Latin-American literature has used the theme of Nazism to create and recreate a wide variety of stories. In some cases, these stories are conceived as a critique to specific aspects of real life, which reminds the reader of the often blurred duality between reality and fiction. This critique is based on the relationship of the characters in the stories, as well as by the socio-political and philosophical views they represent, as can be seen in Juan G. Vásquez’s Los informantes or Jorge E. Pardo’s El pianista que llegó de Hamburgo, both novels written by Colombian authors. Furthermore, it can also be seen in Argentinian literature, as examined here in two specific narratives, Jorge Luis Borges’s short-story, “Deutsches Requiem,” and Osvaldo Bayer’s novel Rainer y Minou. Each of these incorporates the theme of Nazism or topics related to it, and therefore, in this project I set out to analyze how these narratives represent Nazism from a fictional point of view, while also examining how the political and social aspects of each particular case shape the narratives as they relate to the incursion of Nazism in their plot. This, for example, is the case of the blacklists in Los informantes or the irony from escaping a European country in the midst of a war to end up living in a Latin-American country that faces an even worse situation, as is narrated in El pianista que llegó de Hamburgo. The mentality of a Nazi German soldier and his reasons to transform the world is also presented in “Deutsches Requiem,” to conclude this analysis with the representation of guilt and shame that is passed to the children of Nazi soldiers condemned for executing Jews in Rainer y Minou.

During the period of military government in Argentina, Brazil (1964 –1982) and the present day communist Cuban regime, a machinery of cultural repression was established in these countries, these states had a systematic plan of cultural repression of any kind of opposition, dictatorships had an organized and sophisticated operating control over the press and all publications. The dissident writers examined in this dissertation developed strategies of resistance that depended largely on allegory to carry their messages against their respective oppressive regimes. By means of a detailed rhetorical analysis, our study examines the lookings of allegory and cultural resistance under the constraints of repression. Our corpus includes six novels written by dissident writers during the period studied in this dissertation. The fictional narratives selected in this study are divided into novels from Brazil, Argentina and Cuba. The Brazilian novels: of Jorge Amado Dona Flor e seus dois maridos (1966) and Érico Verissimo, Incidente en Antares (1971); two Argentine novels: Ricardo Piglia’s, Respiración artificial (1980) and Martin Khoan’s, Dos veces junio (2002); and by two Cubans: Jesús Díaz, Las iniciales de la tierra (1987) and Zoé Valdés, La nada cotidiana (1995). This dissertation demostrates that allegory and ghosts, as literary figures, can evolve and assume new functions of resisting oppressive governments through confronting, denouncing, identifying and conjuring national traumas as well as adapting themselves to the different political circumstances in which they are used.

The inherent flexibility of the letter form or epistolary mode of writing frees the writer within the framework of salutations and closings to use vocabulary and language to create, to omit or to invert conventional constraints imposed on women by a patriarchal society. The letter begins as a blank page but becomes the space for writing one’s personal thoughts and emotions to the absent other in a communicative effort to minimize the separation. This dissertation examines the female narrator in actual letters written during the Spanish emigration to the New World in the sixteenth century and four epistolary novels written by female authors during the nineteenth- and twentieth centuries. The female “I” emerges in the selected texts and attests to the writer’s ability to inhabit her own writing space. By applying Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism and Janet Altman’s formal approach to the epistolary novel, the epistolary and literary textual creations by women writers challenge the silence and traditional anonymity generally assigned to women. I explore the cultural enculturation of the transgressive female who loses her “self”, her very being because of her inability to conform to societal norms as outlined by Barbara Creed and Elaine Showalter. In addition, I apply ideas from Linda Kauffman’s study on the transformation of the female writer who metamorphoses from victim to artist through the use of pen and paper. The female ‘self’ crafted by each of the letter writers is studied as they narrate their space, exercise agency, and negotiate the conflicts and contradictions of their domestic and public space. The epistolary, whether actual or fictional, becomes a textual creation challenging the silence and traditional anonymity assigned to women. The letter, when used as a literary device, is the perfect vehicle to create a narrator who controls his or her own life’s narrative. The writer constructs an implicit recipient linking the addressee and engages the reader in an absorbing story.

La narrativa de Silvina Ocampo (1903-1993) no goza del lugar que merece en la ficción argentina y latinoamericana como obra de la principal cuentista del siglo XX. Hace relativamente poco que su obra comenzó a despertar el interés de la crítica, atención que se evidencia en la cantidad de artículos y disertaciones recientes. Mediante una disección de la narrativa ocampeana a partir de las grandes coordenadas que la intersectan se pueden caracterizar los aspectos peculiares y distintivos de su estilo. Desarrollada tras la consolidación del psicoanálisis y su influencia en la estética surrealista, la narrativa de Ocampo incorpora algunos de esos elementos. El género fantástico también se articula aunque mediante una selección de rasgos configurados a su modo. Si bien Ocampo rechaza la etiqueta de feminista, ciertos aspectos de su estilo sólo pueden explicarse a partir de la visión particular de una mujer escritora y su representación de la identidad y las relaciones. La lectura pormenorizada de varios cuentos recogidos en “Cuentos completos” I y II (1999), once volúmenes publicados durante su vida, pertenecientes a distintos períodos de su producción permiten realizar un análisis diacrónico que ofrece una caracterización redonda de su estilo y evolución. El análisis sincrónico de estos textos incorpora datos históricos acerca del contexto de producción; a la vez que otras obras literarias del período ofrecen un punto de comparación para identificar influencias y contribuciones. Este análisis, realizado desde el marco teórico de la crítica literaria, da cuenta de la presencia de constituyentes narrativos (narrador, ironía, ambigüedad) que configuran espacios de indeterminación, noción postulada por las teorías de la recepción. Éstos explican las peculiares características de la obra ocampeana: su habilidad para inquietar, intrigar, sorprender y, en suma, desestabilizar al lector y sus expectativas. Es más, sirven para explicar la idiosincrática representación de la realidad que emana de su obra, su interés en lo fantástico y la articulación de lo anti-convencional, como mecanismo subversivo para escapar del orden social dominante, lo cual revela sensibilidades protofeministas. La narrativa de Silvina Ocampo se resiste al reduccionismo y construye una visión peculiar y multifacética de la artista y su obra.