Em 1951, o arquiteto Le Corbusier foi convidado por seu amigo, o industrialista André Jaoul para projetar duas casas uma para ele e sua esposa e outra para a família de seu filho, no subúrbio de Paris. Devido ao orçamento reduzido, Le Corbusier adotou o uso de paredes portantes de tijolos, coberturas em abóbadas catalãs e vigas de concreto aparente. Estas escolhas definiram a estética brutalista do projeto e fizeram com que as Maisons Jaoul se tornassem conhecidas mundialmente. As Maisons Jaoul de certa forma parecem destoantes ao trabalho do arquiteto que ficou muito conhecido por ser austero, frio e racionalista, principalmente por suas obras nos anos 20. No entanto, um panorama na história da arquitetura corbusiana faz com que se tenha um entendimento desta solução brutalista. É possível perceber a evolução da arquitetura moderna de Le Corbusier desde o início de sua carreira, passando por diferentes fases onde o arquiteto acaba por ter um aumento de seu repertório e consequentemente uma evolução em sua arquitetura, que vai de encontro as mudanças sociais e econômicas da sociedade. As Maisons Jaoul assumiram um papel importante na carreira do arquiteto e serviram de exemplo e inspiração para diversos projetos ao redor do mundo. / In 1951 the architect Le Corbusier was invited by his friend, the industrialist André Jaoul to design two houses, one for him and his wife and another for the family of his son, in the a Paris suburb. Due to the reduced budget, Le Corbusier adopted the use of brick walls and roofs in Catalan vaults and exposed concrete. These choices defined the brutalist aesthetics of the project and made the Maisons Jaoul worldwide known. The Maisons Jaoul seem however disoriented to the work of the architect who was well known for being austere, cold and rationalist, mainly for his works in the 1920s. However, a panorama in the history of Corbusian architecture cause an understanding of this brutalist solution. It is possible to perceive the evolution of modern architecture of Le Corbusier from the beginning of his career, passing through different phases where the architect ends up having an increase of its repertoire and consequently an evolution that goes into the social and economic changes of society. Maisons Jaoul took an important role in the architect's career and served as an example and inspiration for several projects all around the world.

Le mémoire suivant compare les cités d’habitations de Weissenhof à Stuttgart et de Römerstadt à Francfort-sur-le-Main. Toutes deux projets pilotes du mouvement moderne et de l’École Bauhaus, ces cités démontrent le lien entre le passé traumatique de l’Allemagne wilhelmienne et l’utopie démocratique de la République de Weimar. L’équipe de Ludwig Mies van der Rohe et la brigade d’Ernst May tentent de réformer la famille ouvrière allemande à partir de l’espace qu’elle habite, c’est-à-dire le logement. S’élabore donc une nouvelle grammaire architecturale qui détonne dans le paysage urbain allemand. Cette réforme s’intéresse au remaniement de l’espace privé ; la pièce a un rôle exclusif, comme ses locataires. Par extension, la femme est alors au-devant des changements avec la systématisation scientifique de son travail. L’architecture moderne vacille sans cesse entre un laisser-aller et un contrôle calculé des corps par l’espace qu’ils occupent. Mies et May n’ont pas su adapter les logements qu’ils offraient aux besoins des ouvriers auxquels ils s’adressaient. Réfractaires aux changements, les Allemands ont d’abord rejeté les deux projets alors qu’en Amérique du Nord, le style est déjà enseigné dans les écoles d’architecture. Lentement mais sûrement, les cités d’habitations sont apprivoisées par les générations suivantes. De Frédéric le Grand à aujourd’hui, elles font parties du paysage architectural allemand et certaines d’entre-elles, comme Weissenhof et Römerstadt sont inscrites à l’UNESCO.

A cidade que nasce junto à água possui forte relação com ela. A sua evolução tem nesse elemento um limite já configurado. Sua forma irá determinar a morfologia dessa cidade. Esse trabalho propõe estudar, em diferentes escalas, a relação entre arquitetura e a água, desde seu uso como elemento de composição arquitetônica até seu papel na cidade. Para esse estudo serão analisados os projetos de Le Corbusier e sua influência sobre a arquitetura moderna brasileira, principalmente as suas propostas para frentes aquáticas adotadas em sua viagem para o continente americano, onde ele elabora estudos que são considerados importantes porque marcam a transição entre seus modelos de cidade ideal. Três deles, Montevidéu, Rio de Janeiro e Buenos Aires, se encontram junto ao mar. A proposta mais ousada foi elaborada para o Rio de Janeiro, onde impressionado com a paisagem carioca e sua cidade linear natural, ele propõe um edifício autoestrada que percorria a cidade esquivando os morros como um rio. Com intenção de substituir as favelas e garantir vista para o mar, resolveria assim o problema habitacional e de mobilidade em uma solução. E vai inspirar seus futuros projetos e mais tarde a arquitetura moderna brasileira, materializada através de exemplos como o edifício ‘Pedregulho’ de Reidy, no Rio ou o Copan de Niemeyer, em São Paulo, ambos baseados no edifício linear de expansão infinita. / The city that was born by the water has a strong relationship with it. Its evolution has in this element an already configured limit. Its shape will determine the morphology´ effect of this city. This work proposes to study, at different scales, the relationship between architecture and water from its use as architectural composition element to their role in the city. For this study will be analyzed the projects of Le Corbusier and his influence on modern Brazilian architecture, especially its proposals for water fronts adopted on his journey to the Americas, where he elaborates studies that are considered important because they mark the transition between their models of ideal city. Three of them, Montevideo, Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires, are by the sea. The boldest proposal was prepared for the Rio de Janeiro where impressed with Rio's landscape and its natural linear city, he proposes a building highway that ran through the city dodging the hills like a river. Intended to replace the slums and secure a sea view, would solve the housing and mobility problem into a solution. And will inspire your future projects and later the Brazilian modern architecture, embodied by example as the building 'Pedregulho' by Reidy in Rio or ‘Copan’ by Niemeyer in São Paulo, both based on linear building of infinite expansion.

Submitted by Giovanna Brasil (1154060@mackenzie.br) on 2018-03-06T18:20:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Silvia Chiarelli..pdf: 37464417 bytes, checksum: f8f6e98302a4a74692f82cdc7f92e533 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Rejected by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br), reason: Faltou o 4° orientador on 2018-03-08T11:26:15Z (GMT) / Submitted by Giovanna Brasil (1154060@mackenzie.br) on 2018-03-08T18:34:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Silvia Chiarelli..pdf: 37464417 bytes, checksum: f8f6e98302a4a74692f82cdc7f92e533 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-04-03T13:09:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Silvia Chiarelli..pdf: 37464417 bytes, checksum: f8f6e98302a4a74692f82cdc7f92e533 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T13:09:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Silvia Chiarelli..pdf: 37464417 bytes, checksum: f8f6e98302a4a74692f82cdc7f92e533 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-17 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / Cette recherche se concentresra sur la façon conceptuelle architecturale analyse de la conception de l´œuvre de l'architecte suisse-français Le Corbusier, en particulier leur projet pour l'Ambassade de France (1962-1965), à Brasilia (Brésil). Son analyse et l'interprétation approfondie seront faits sur le thème de la composition. Dans le cas d'un projet qui n'a pas été construit, une analyse détaillée et l'interprétation des matériaux choisis est resté limité les quelques spécifications de l'architecte dans le mémorial descriptif de leur avant-projet; et pour meilleur comprendre ce projet, éléments graphiques du projet ont été élaborées en deux et trois dimensions à partir de l'original trouvé dans la collection de la Fondation Le Corbusier à Paris (France). Pour effectuer cette étude référencé, la recherche traitera également plus largement les relations professionnelles établies par l'architecte suissefrançais avec le Brésil, avec une coupe qui va de l'invitation à réaliser un projet de l'Ambassade de France dans la nouvelle capitale brésilienne, en 1962, les raisons de ne pas construire le bâtiment après la mort de l'architecte en août 1965. La recherche considère également étroitement la relation entre la conception de Le Corbusier et l'ensemble de ses œuvres. Son analyse est devenue encore plus complexe car ils ont été construits des relations entre ce projet et : les autres ouvrages architecturaux de l'architecte, en concentrant sur la production de votre dernière période 1950-1965; son travail théorique et artistique; et son Voyage en Orient, tenu par le jeune architecte encore en 1911. L'étude partira établie sur la base des travaux antérieurs, en particulier les 8 volumes de Le Corbusier et Pierre Jeanneret: œuvre complète 1910-196516, rédigé et publié par Le Corbusier; le livre de Tras el Viaje de Oriente. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret - Le Corbusier17 de DAZA; Le Corbusier e o Brasil18, des auteurs SANTOS; PEREIRA; PEREIRA & SILVA; entre autres publiés par Le Corbsuier propres et d'autres auteurs qui ont étudié sa vie et de œuvre. L'étude comprendra également la recherche de sources primaires disponibles dans les archives de la Fondation Le Corbusier, à Paris, et le Centre des Archives Diplomatiques de La Courneuve, tous en France, dans les archives de l'Ambassade de France actuelle, construite par l'architecte chilien Guillermo Jullian de la Fuente, et le Ministère des Affaires Étrangères du Brésil, à la fois à Brasilia (Brésil), et d'autres collections nationales et internationales, ce qui permettra de fonder et de compléter les interprétations et les analyses des propositions. / This research will focus on the architectural analysis of the design work of the French-Swiss Architect Le Corbusier, specifically his project for the Embassy of France (1962-1965), in Brasilia (Brazil). Our analysis and interpretation will concentrate on the composition topic. Since this project was neither built nor detailed, analysis and interpretation of the chosen materials remained limited to the few specifications provided by the architect still in the preliminary drawings. To better understand it, two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphic elements of the project were developed from the original document found in the collection of the Foundation Le Corbusier in Paris (France). For a referenced case study, the research will also address the professional relationship of the French-Swiss architect with Brazil, highlighting the period from the moment he was invited to design the French Embassy in the new Brazilian capital in 1962, to the reasons that led to the non-construction of the building after the architect’s death in August 1965. The research also carefully considers the connections between Le Corbusier’s project for the Brazilian Embassy and the set of his works. Such analysis turned out to be even more complex as relations were being built: relations between that particular project and his other architectural works, focusing on the production of his last period, from 1950 to 1965; relations between the architect’s theoretical and artistic work, produced throughout his career, and the records of his Journey to the East, taken by the still young architect in 1911. The study will start from the base established in previous works, mainly the eight volumes of Le Corbusier et Pierre Jeanneret: œuvre complète 1910-196513, written and published by Le Corbusier; the book Tras el Viaje de Oriente. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret - Le Corbusier14, by Daza; Le Corbusier e o Brasil15, by Santos; Pereira; Pereira & Silva; among others authored by Le Corbusier himself, in addition to other authors who have researched his life and work. The study will also include the research of primary sources available in the archives of the Foundation Le Corbusier, in Paris, and the Center of Diplomatic Archives in La Courneuve, both in France; in the archives of the current Embassy of France, built by Chilean architect Guillermo De La Jullian Fuente, and the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, both in Brasília (Brazil), as well as other national and international collections to support and supplement proposed interpretations and analyses. / A presente pesquisa terá como foco conceitual a análise projetual da obra do arquiteto franco-suíco Le Corbusier, mais especificamente o seu projeto para a Embaixada da França (1962-1965) em Brasília (Brasil). Sua análise e interpretação aprofundadas serão feitas sob o tema da composição. Tratando-se de um projeto que não foi construído nem detalhado, a análise e a interpretação dos materiais escolhidos permaneceram limitadas às poucas especificações do arquiteto no memorial descritivo de seu anteprojeto. Para melhor compreendê-lo, foram elaboradas peças gráficas bidimensionais e tridimensionais do projeto a partir dos originais consultados no acervo da Fundação Le Corbusier, em Paris (França). Para um estudo de caso referenciado, a pesquisa também tratará mais amplamente das relações profissionais estabelecidas pelo arquiteto franco-suíço com o Brasil, com um recorte que segue desde o convite para realizar o projeto para a Embaixada da França, na nova capital brasileira, em 1962, até os motivos que levaram à não construção do edifício após a morte do arquiteto, em agosto de 1965. A pesquisa também considera detidamente as relações existentes entre o projeto de Le Corbusier e o conjunto de suas obras. Sua análise tornou-se ainda mais complexa à medida que foram sendo construídas relações entre o projeto da embaixada e: as demais obras arquitetônicas do arquiteto, focando na produção do seu último período, de 1950 a 1965; alguns exemplares da obra teórica e artística do arquiteto, produzidas ao longo de sua carreira; e os registros da sua Viagem ao Oriente9, realizada pelo arquiteto ainda jovem, em 1911. O estudo partirá da base estabelecida em trabalhos anteriores, principalmente os oito volumes de Le Corbusier et Pierre Jeanneret: œuvre complète 1910-196510, escrita e publicada por Le Corbusier, o livro Tras el Viaje de Oriente. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret - Le Corbusier11, de autoria de DAZA, Le Corbusier e o Brasil12, dos autores SANTOS; PEREIRA; PEREIRA & SILVA, entre outros de autoria do próprio Le Corbsuier e de outros autores que pesquisaram sobre sua vida e obra. O estudo também incluirá a pesquisa de fontes primárias, disponíveis nos arquivos da Fundação Le Corbusier, em Paris, e no Centro de Arquivos Diplomáticos de La Courneuve, ambos na França, nos arquivos da atual Embaixada da França, construída pelo arquiteto chileno Guillermo Jullian de la Fuente, e do Ministério das Relações Exteriores do Brasil, ambos em Brasília, e outros acervos nacionais e internacionais para embasar e complementar as interpretações e análises propostas.

Notre thèse porte sur le GATEPAC, Grupo de Arquitectos y Técnicos Españoles para el Progreso de la Arquitectura Contemporánea, qui est un groupe d’architectes créé en 1930, et affilié au mouvement moderne et aux CIAM. Le groupe, attiré par l'exemple international, est composé d’une vingtaine d’architectes et se divise en trois sous-groupes : l’un à Madrid, un deuxième au Pays Basque; et un troisième en Catalogne. Le GATEPAC se définit dès lors comme intégrant les problématiques internationales des CIAM et propose l’application de celles-ci dans la péninsule avec sa participation à des concours, des expositions, mais aussi de commissions. Leurs travaux sont synthétisés dans la revue de propagande du GATEPAC, A.C., Arquitectura Contemporánea.Ce groupe d’architectes espagnols, qui appartient à la seconde génération du mouvement moderne, naît à la croisée de deux moments importants dans l’histoire de l’architecture et dans l’histoire politique de l’Espagne : la naissance des CIAM et des CIRPAC de 1928, et l’avènement de la Seconde République espagnole, après sept années de dictature, le 14 avril 1931. Cela nous invite à nous interroger sur la manière dont le GATEPAC, compris comme la seconde génération du mouvement moderne, s'inspire de l’architecture européenne pour ensuite s’en affranchir et participer pleinement aux réflexions internationales, mais aussi sur la façon dont les sous-groupes régionaux gèrent leurs identités pour participer aussi aux politiques nationales et régionales. L’action de chaque sous-groupe est fortement imbriquée dans les politiques régionales issues de la Seconde République. / This thesis concerns the GATEPAC, Grupo de Arquitectos y Técnicos Españoles para el Progreso de la Arquitectura Contemporánea, a group of architects created in 1930 and affiliated both to the architectural modern movement and to the CIAM. This group, following the example of other international experiences, was composed by about twenty or so architects and was divided into three subgroups : one in Madrid, one in the Basque Country and the last one in Catalonia. The GATEPAC can be defined as a group integrating all the international issues ad subjects contained in the CIAM and proposes their application in the country by the participation to architect contests, expositions and commissions. Its work can be found synthesized in the propaganda magazine of the GATEPAC, A.C., Arquitectura Contemporánea.The GATEPAC, which belongs to the second generation of the modern movement, uprises at the junction of two important moments in architectural and in Spanish political histories : the CIAM and the CIRPAC’s births in 1928, and the advent of the Second Spanish Republic,on the 14th of april 1931, after seven years of dictatorship. These two conditions move us to think about how the GATEPAC, as part of the second generation of the architectural modern movement and inspired at the beginning by the European architecture gets to free itself and to participe in the international architectural discussions, but also about how the three sub-groups handle their identities in order to contribute to national and regional policies. Actually, the role of each subgroup is essential and strongly related to the regional policies implemented during the Second Republic.

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of Diploma Thesis "Le Corbusier's architectural and urban visions in a semiological perspective The subject of this thesis is a semiological analysis of Le Corbusier's text Towards a New Architecture. It methodologically follows semiological conceptions of Ferdinand de Saussure and Roland Barthes. The main methodological source is a work of French theoretician of architecture and urbanism François Choay, The Rule and the Model (1997), in which she has stated three paradigms, which according to her, influenced forming of modern urbanism as an autonomous science: genre of architectural treatise, utopia and scientific discourse. For each of these discursive forms she has identified characteristic signs. Le Corbusier is considered as a symbol of modern movement of architecture and urbanism, who broke away from an old tradition and brought to realm of architecture and urbanism a new insight. The fundamental question of this thesis is, whether this innovative approach could be found also in his texts, in the manner how Le Corbusier wrote about architecture and urbanism, or whether Le Corbusier followed an old tradition. This question should be answered in the course of searching for the signs of mentioned paradigms postulated by F. Choay.

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