Šiais laikais, kai praktiškai visų sričių „popieriniai“ duomenys jau baigia išnykti, didelę dalį IT visuomenėje sudaro vienokio ar kitokio tipo duomenų bazės. Paprastam vartotojui, kuris naudojasi tik vartojamojo tipo programomis, SQL užklausų mokėjimas nėra reikalingas, tačiau bet kuris programuotojas, kuris dirba su duomenimis, savo darbo ko gero nebeįsivaizduoja be duomenų bazių ir SQL užklausų. SQL užklausa (SQL Query) – tai užklausa, atliekama SQL kalbos komandų pagalba. SQL (Structured Query Language) kalba – struktūrizuota užklausų kalba, skirta duomenų, esančių duomenų bazėje apdorojimui. SQL kalba dirba tik su reliacinėmis DB. Vartotojas SQL pagalba kreipiasi į DBVS, kuri apdoroja užklausą, randa reikalingus duomenis ir pateikia juos vartotojui. SQL nėra nei DBVS, nei atskiras programinis produktas, tai yra neatsiejama DBVS dalis, instrumentas, kurio pagalba realizuojamas vartotojo ryšys su DBVS. SQL kalbos lankstumas ir nepriklausomumas nuo kompiuterinių technologijų specifikos, o taip pat jos palaikymas pagrindiniais lyderiais reliacinių duomenų bazių technologijų srityje padarė SQL kalbą pagrindine standartine duomenų bazių programavimo kalba [1]. SQL užklausos yra naudojamos visose dabartinėse duomenų bazėse, tokiose kaip MsSQL, MySQL, Firebird ir kitose. SQL sakiniai gali būti įterpiami į programas, sudaromas bazine programavimo kalba. Taigi SQL užklausos yra naudojamos visur, kur yra naudojamos ir duomenų bazės. Tą pačią SQL užklausą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Nowadays, when “paper” data practically from all the scopes is on the edge of extinction, big part of IT society is made of one or another type of databases. SQL queries are used to work with database information. SQL (Structured Query Language) is designed for database information processing. For fast systems, related with databases operation, it is necessary to correctly write and optimize SQL queries. To learn write SQL queries correctly and optimize them, only the theoretical knowledge is not enough, it is necessary to do a lot of practical tasks. When learning to write SQL queries, basic problem is poor choice of practical tasks, and non-existence of good testing system, which allows writing SQL queries easily. On the job the existent SQL learning systems and learning materials analysis were performed, all found systems has its own problems, full freedom to write SQL queries for user is not granted. During designing, methods allowing for learner easily write various types of queries, view executed queries results and get the result if a written query is correct, were designed. Designed methods were used in remote SQL queries learning system design and implementation. Aim: The algorithms which are developed and implemented allows to test sql queries based on simple syntax and allows to execute queries of the different types. The object of research: Execution of various SQL queries.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2717562 bytes, checksum: 74433bbfe9157492ce49e833e5670be1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / As its main objective, this thesis aimed to propose a learning system based on an experiential approach in order to contribute to the training of professional master’s in Management. Specific objectives were outlined, which were then fulfilled throughout three distinct, but interconnected, steps. The first objective sought to define the dimensions that incorporate a learning system in professional master’s courses (PMC). To this end, an exploratory stage was conducted, with the participation of graduate coordinators, former graduate coordinators and people connected to the Capes board of directors. The results of this stage led to the delimitation of four macro procedural dimensions: historical-legal, socio-cultural, economic and political. Additionally, they indicated fundamental elements towards the delimitation of four micro procedural dimensions, linked to theoretical aspects of experiential learning: learning environment, theoretical and methodological knowledge, professional and social experiences and reflective practice. The second objective sought to identify the process of training of master’s students based on the perception of teachers and PMC managers in Business Administration considering the micro procedural dimensions. This second stage was carried out by the application of an online and open-ended questionnaire, which revealed the importance of the four micro procedural dimensions in the training processes of the professional master’s students, the presence of experiential learning in each, and the strengthening of the linkages between them. To understand the implications of the proposed dimensions in the process of training of professional master’s students and to identify the importance of active teaching methodologies for PMC, corresponding to the third and fourth goals of the research, interviews with graduate coordinators and former graduate coordinators of PMC that reached concepts of 4 and/or 5 in the 2010-2012 triennial evaluation of Capes, were conducted. From the results, it was possible to reflect on the elements that comprise the system, the dimensions, allowing for adjustments in its configuration. Thus, five macro procedural dimensions: legal, social, political, economic and legitimacy; and four micro procedural dimensions: learning environment, theoretical, methodological and technological knowledge, professional experience and reflective practice; have been characterized. The existence of an institutional environment that influences the macro and micro procedural dimensions that needs to be observed by those who conduct the PMC has also been found. Thus, the learning system marked by the experiential approach and influenced by an institutional environment, as well as the training process marked by experiential learning, constitute the theoretical contribution of this thesis. Managers and PMC teachers will be able to reflect on the proposed learning system and this, in turn, may be able to assist them in the development of new PMC, or even to assist existing ones in finding their differentiation from academic master's courses (AMC), to improve its training process through the reworking of their curricula, as well as the change in training processes for more efficient use of student experience and the development of a reflective practice; aspects that reveal the practical contribution of this thesis. It also features a social contribution, since the study enabled the development of management skills aimed at social interests, contributing effectively to the concentration area of the Doctorate in Management of the PPGA/UFPB. Thus, from the proposed learning system it is possible to institutionalize a process of natural training in PMC, which contributes on the framing of an identity for these courses. / Esta tese teve como objetivo principal propor um sistema de aprendizagem baseado na abordagem experiencial a fim de contribuir na formação de mestres profissionais em Administração. Foram traçados objetivos específicos, os quais foram atendidos por meio de três etapas distintas, porém interligadas. O primeiro objetivo buscou delimitar as dimensões que integram um sistema de aprendizagem em cursos de mestrado profissionais (CMP). Para tanto, foi realizada uma etapa exploratória que teve a participação de coordenadores, ex-coordenadores e pessoas ligadas à diretoria da Capes. Os resultados desta etapa levaram à delimitação de quatro dimensões macro processuais: histórico-legal, sociocultural, econômica e política. Ainda, indicaram elementos fundamentais para a delimitação de quatro dimensões micro processuais, vinculadas a aspectos teóricos da aprendizagem experiencial: ambiente de aprendizagem, saberes teóricos e metodológicos, experiências profissionais e sociais e prática reflexiva. O segundo objetivo buscou identificar o processo de formação de mestres com base na percepção de professores e gestores de CMP em Administração a partir das dimensões micro processuais. Esta segunda etapa foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um questionário aberto on-line e revelou a importância das quatro dimensões micro processuais para os processos de formação de mestres profissionais, a presença da aprendizagem experiencial em cada uma, e o fortalecimento dos vínculos entre elas. Para compreender as implicações das dimensões propostas no processo de formação de mestres profissionais e identificar a importância de metodologias de ensino ativas para CMP, correspondentes aos terceiro e quarto objetivos da pesquisa, foi realizada uma entrevista com coordenadores e/ou ex-coordenadores de CMP que alcançaram conceitos 4 e/ou 5 na avaliação trienal 2010-2012 da Capes. A partir dos resultados, foi possível refletir sobre os elementos constitutivos do sistema, as dimensões, e possibilitou ajustes em sua configuração. Caracterizaram-se cinco dimensões macro processuais: legal, social, política, econômica e legitimação e quatro dimensões micro processuais: ambiente de aprendizagem, saberes teóricos, metodológicos e tecnológicos, experiências profissionais e prática reflexiva. Constatou-se também a existência de um ambiente institucional que influencia as dimensões macro e micro processuais que precisa ser observado por aqueles que conduzem os CMP. Assim, o sistema de aprendizagem balizado pela abordagem experiencial e influenciado por um ambiente institucional, bem como o processo de formação balizado pela aprendizagem experiencial, constitui a contribuição teórica desta tese. Os gestores e professores de CMP podem realizar reflexões sobre o sistema de aprendizagem proposto e este poderá lhes auxiliar na elaboração de novos CMP ou mesmo auxiliar os já existentes a encontrarem sua diferenciação em relação ao CMA, a melhorar seu processo de formação a partir da reelaboração de seus currículos, bem como a alterar nos processos de formação pela utilização mais eficaz das experiências dos alunos e do desenvolvimento da prática reflexiva, aspectos que revelam a contribuição prática desta tese. Também apresenta uma contribuição social, uma vez que o estudo possibilitou o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos de Administração voltados ao interesse social, contribuindo de forma efetiva para a área de concentração do Doutorado em Administração do PPGA/UFPB. Assim, a partir do sistema de aprendizagem proposto, é possível institucionalizar um processo de formação singular nos CMP, o que contribui para a formação da identidade destes cursos.

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No description available.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the use of a computer-managed integrated learning system entitled Accelerated Math (AM) as a supplement to traditional mathematics instruction on achievement as measured by TerraNova achievement tests of third and fourth grade high-ability students. Gender, socioeconomic status, and grade level were also considered. The population consisted of 624 students who were third and fourth grade high-ability students during the 2009-2010 school year. Data were gathered that covered a 1-year period for high-ability third and fourth graders. A series of independent samples t-tests were used to identify relationship among variables. The researcher's investigation of the relationship between AM and mathematics achievement might assist educators in planning for use of technology as a supplement to the normal mathematics curriculum. The findings indicated measurable differences in the performance of high-ability third and fourth grade students who qualified for free and reduced priced lunch and participated in AM compared to high-ability students who qualified for free and reduced priced lunch and did not participate in the program. High-ability students who participated in the AM program and who qualified for free and reduced lunch scored significantly higher on the TerraNova math achievement test than students who did not participate in AM and who qualified for free and reduced lunch. There were also measurable differences in the performance of high-ability fourth grade students who participated in the AM program compared to those who did not participate in the program. Fourth grade high-ability students who participated in the AM program scored significantly higher on the TerraNova math achievement test than fourth grade students who did not participate in the program. This study indicated no significant findings among gender, students in grade 3, and students who did not qualify for free and reduced price lunch who did and did not participate in the AM program.

The introduction of e-learning made way for advancements in learning and technology with individuals being exposed to electronic learning and teaching environments. At first, the introduction of e-learning into the educational sphere was intended to simply enhance traditional teaching and learning; however, technology then took the lead as a tool to materially enhance the concept of e-learning in education. Inevitably, technology’s impact on learning drove the delivery of electronic educational content but it also caused widespread debate about best practice in the design of e-learning systems. Since then, the phenomenal influx of technology enhancements that has been created has led most learners into a digital education era that cannot now function without it. At first, e-learning systems were forced to adapt to change as a result of e-learning trends and as a symbolic move from traditional learning to more innovative methods of learning and teaching. As such, e-learning remained affected by pedagogy, technology and curriculum changes outside of a structured, guided framework. Varying definitions exist as a result of the diverse understanding of the contributions and role of pedagogy and technology toward e-learning. There is a misconception and confusion of elearning attributed to the lack of a formally accepted definition which would identify with the need for pedagogy principles and guide researchers to apply models and frameworks to implement and improve the provision of e-learning systems. Although the effects of technology on learning are conclusive, the current dilemma is the lack of effective alignment of the pedagogy principles to suitable technology – an issue which has now become detrimental to learning. This study explores the various interpretations of e-learning definitions that allude to the incorporation of learning, technology and knowledge gained during e-learning interventions. However, as the research revealed a lack of any cohesive e-learning definition, this motivated the creation of a specific definition derived particularly for this study. In considering the role of technology in the e-learning environment, similar themes began to emerge that needed to be addressed holistically through e-learning. One of these themes was a need to focus on the formulation of a structured approach and pedagogical framework for the design and development of e-learning systems. The findings of the research identified e-learning frameworks and models that were in use. The outcome of an e-learning system framework drew on the research of extant models and frameworks and investigated the critical elements, particularly that of pedagogy in an e-learning environment. The proposed pedagogical framework for elearning was evaluated by means of a survey of organisations that produce e-learning systems. The findings of the survey were analysed to assess the alignment and relevance of the dimensions and elements in the framework to the design and development of e-learning systems. The proposed pedagogical e-learning framework is intended to add value to the design and development of e-learning systems with the core focus on pedagogy. In years to come, current and existing technologies and tools may become outdated, yet learning opportunities continue to evolve based on pedagogy, technology and curriculum requirements. By harmonising the synergy between pedagogy and technology, a pedagogically aligned e-learning framework can resolve the lack of pedagogy in elearning system design and development. / Information Science / M.Sc. (Information Systems)

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le domaine des technologies de l’information et de la communication pour l’enseignement (Tice) et a pour objet d’étudier l’articulation du présentiel et de la distance dans le contexte capverdien. Elle vise la compréhension de cette modalité d’apprentissage hybride. Un dispositif permettant aux étudiants d’échanger et de collaborer autour de tâches collaboratives a été mis en place.Le cadre théorique fait référence au socioconstructivisme, à la communication médiée par ordinateur (CMO) et à l’écrit comme fondement de base pour cette recherche. Celle-ci a une visée compréhensive et praxéologique, l’objectif général et à terme étant d’apporter des éclairages permettant d’appréhender plus facilement les Tice en vue de les intégrer efficacement dans des formations en français autorisant l’usage des outils technologiques. La démarche que nous avons adoptée est axée sur une approche ethnométhodologique. Les données obtenues ont été analysées quantitativement et qualitativement puis, elles ont été croisées selon le principe de la triangulation (Van Der Maren, 1997).Cette recherche propose quelques éléments de réponse. L’usage des outils technologiques facilite les échanges entre les étudiants, leur permet de co-construire leur apprentissage, autorise des rétroactions sur les formes linguistiques. Elle facilite l’encadrement et l’accompagnement des étudiants. Les conditions technologiques et techniques sont également importantes. / This research is in the field of information technology and communication for teaching (ITC) and aims at studying the joint-face and distance in the Cape Verdean context. It is in order to understand this form of blended learning that a device allowing students to share and collaborate around collaborative tasks has been established.The theoretical framework refers to social constructivism, communication mediated by computer (CMC) and written as basic foundation for this search. It has a comprehensive and praxeological reference, the overall objective is to provide insights for easier understanding of the ITC to effectively integrate the use of technological tools in training in teaching French. The approach we have adopted is based on an ethnomethodological approach. The data obtained were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, then they were crossed according to the principle of triangulation (Van Der Maren, 1997).This research provides some answers. The use of technological tools facilitates exchanges between students, allowing them to co- construct their learning, and enables feedback on linguistic forms. It also facilitates management and support to students. Technological and technical conditions are also important.

The introduction of e-learning made way for advancements in learning and technology with individuals being exposed to electronic learning and teaching environments. At first, the introduction of e-learning into the educational sphere was intended to simply enhance traditional teaching and learning; however, technology then took the lead as a tool to materially enhance the concept of e-learning in education. Inevitably, technology’s impact on learning drove the delivery of electronic educational content but it also caused widespread debate about best practice in the design of e-learning systems. Since then, the phenomenal influx of technology enhancements that has been created has led most learners into a digital education era that cannot now function without it. At first, e-learning systems were forced to adapt to change as a result of e-learning trends and as a symbolic move from traditional learning to more innovative methods of learning and teaching. As such, e-learning remained affected by pedagogy, technology and curriculum changes outside of a structured, guided framework. Varying definitions exist as a result of the diverse understanding of the contributions and role of pedagogy and technology toward e-learning. There is a misconception and confusion of elearning attributed to the lack of a formally accepted definition which would identify with the need for pedagogy principles and guide researchers to apply models and frameworks to implement and improve the provision of e-learning systems. Although the effects of technology on learning are conclusive, the current dilemma is the lack of effective alignment of the pedagogy principles to suitable technology – an issue which has now become detrimental to learning. This study explores the various interpretations of e-learning definitions that allude to the incorporation of learning, technology and knowledge gained during e-learning interventions. However, as the research revealed a lack of any cohesive e-learning definition, this motivated the creation of a specific definition derived particularly for this study. In considering the role of technology in the e-learning environment, similar themes began to emerge that needed to be addressed holistically through e-learning. One of these themes was a need to focus on the formulation of a structured approach and pedagogical framework for the design and development of e-learning systems. The findings of the research identified e-learning frameworks and models that were in use. The outcome of an e-learning system framework drew on the research of extant models and frameworks and investigated the critical elements, particularly that of pedagogy in an e-learning environment. The proposed pedagogical framework for elearning was evaluated by means of a survey of organisations that produce e-learning systems. The findings of the survey were analysed to assess the alignment and relevance of the dimensions and elements in the framework to the design and development of e-learning systems. The proposed pedagogical e-learning framework is intended to add value to the design and development of e-learning systems with the core focus on pedagogy. In years to come, current and existing technologies and tools may become outdated, yet learning opportunities continue to evolve based on pedagogy, technology and curriculum requirements. By harmonising the synergy between pedagogy and technology, a pedagogically aligned e-learning framework can resolve the lack of pedagogy in elearning system design and development. / Information Science / M.Sc. (Information Systems)

La recherche se situe au carrefour de la didactique des langues-cultures et de l’ALAO (Apprentissage des Langues Assistée par Ordinateur) via des dispositifs hybrides. Elle porte sur les usages des dispositifs médiatisés d’apprentissage de la langue étrangère par des apprenants non-spécialistes. Le postulat de départ est qu’une recherche sur les usages constitue un moyen pour les concepteurs d’appréhender les manières dont les apprenants s’approprient ces dispositifs. L’hypothèse émise est qu’il y a un décalage entre les usages attendus par les enseignants et les usages réels des apprenants et qu’il est pertinent, d’un point de vue didactique, de travailler sur ces décalages afin, d'une part, que les enseignants concepteurs puissent modifier les modèles d’usages en amont de la mise en œuvre du dispositif d’apprentissage et d'autre part, puissent réagir de manière plus adéquate pendant l’utilisation du dispositif par les apprenants. Cette hypothèse conduit à formuler deux questions de recherche principales. Premièrement, quels usages font les apprenants de langues étrangères des dispositifs hybrides ? Et deuxièmement, sur quels éléments des usages les concepteurs peuvent-ils s’appuyer pour la conception ou pour l’actualisation du dispositif ?La recherche est une recherche-action de type expérimental. Elle s’effectue sur deux terrains particuliers : un terrain en contexte français qui constitue le terrain d’analyse et un terrain en contexte malgache qui est le terrain de conception et d’expérimentation. Ces deux terrains présentent des points communs : public-cible constitué d’étudiants non-spécialistes de la langue et spécialistes d’autres disciplines, inscrit en première année de formation, apprentissage de la langue-cible s’effectuant à distance via une plateforme. Deux formes de données de recherche sont exploitées de ces deux terrains : des données invoquées (traces laissées par les apprenants sur la plateforme), suscitées (des questionnaires en direction des apprenants et des entretiens semi-directifs auprès des enseignants-concepteurs afin de cerner les usages prescrits). Les résultats attendus sont de trois types. Sur le plan herméneutique, la recherche permet de caractériser les usages des apprenants selon leurs modes d’interprétation et d’appropriation du dispositif. Sur le plan praxéologique, elle constitue un appui à la conception de dispositifs hybrides, par le biais de recommandations soulignant le rôle de la scénarisation, l’importance de l’articulation d’un côté, des outils mis à disposition des apprenants avec les tâches proposées et de l’autre côté, du présentiel et du distantiel dansl'hybridation. Enfin, elle participe à la promotion, à la diffusion et à l’apprentissage de la langue française en direction des étudiants malgachophones. / This research work is situated at the crossroads of the didactics of Languages and Cultures and CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning) via blended learning courseware systems. It focuses on the learners’ usage of computer-mediated learning environments for foreign languages. The premise is that research on usage constitutes a means for course designers to apprehend the ways learners adapt to these tools. Our hypothesis is that there is a discrepancy between the usage prescribed by the teachers and the real usage made by the learners. We believe that it is therefore relevant, from a didactic perspective, to work on these discrepancies so that teacher-designers can improve their practices of these learning systems by adapting their usage models ahead of the implementation of the course setup and by reacting in a more appropriate way during the time the learners are using the tools. This hypothesis raises two main research questions. On the one hand, what use do foreign language learners make of blended learning systems? And, on the other hand, what particular information on usage will help courseware designers in the design or update of their system?The research can be described as experimental action research. This is performed in two research fields: a French context, which is the analytical field and a Malagasy context, which is the field of design and experimentation. These two fields share some common points: a target group of non-specialist language students and specialists of other disciplines enrolled in the first year of their courses and the learning of the target language taking place on a distancelearning platform. Two forms of research data are utilised in both of these fields: invoked data (learners’ traces left on the platform) and raised data (questionnaires completed by the learners and semi-guided interviews of teacher-designers in order to better understand the prescribed uses). The results are of three kinds. At the hermeneutic level, the research enables learners’ usage to be characterised according to their ways of interpreting and adapting to the system. At the praxeological level, it supports the design of courseware systems by giving advice which underlines the role of scenario design and the importance of the strategic use of the tools available to the learner for the tasks proposed. Finally, it helps promote and disseminate the French language to Malagasy students.

O e-Learning é um conceito que consiste na utilização de recursos computacionais e audiovisuais para promover o aprendizado a uma comunidade ou a um grupo de pessoas. O aprendizado é realizado por meio de lições executadas em um computador, também chamado de treinamento on-line, em que o participante pode contar com diversos recursos, tais como: simulações interativas, vídeos, apresentações dinâmicas, ambientes colaborativos, entre outros recursos que a tecnologia permita. No e-Learning o participante pode ser submetido à avaliação para testar seus conhecimentos e ter seu desempenho acompanhado por profissionais responsáveis pelo seu desenvolvimento. O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar e analisar diferenças sensíveis entre o sistema de aprendizagem presencial e o sistema de aprendizagem e-Learning, comparando-os por meio de indicadores de desempenho e retornos alcançados. Foram analisados dados obtidos a partir do estudo de um caso em que uma multinacional do setor de bens de consumo treinou seus colaboradores utilizando dois sistemas de aprendizagem distintos: um inteiramente presencial e outro com e-Learning. Este trabalho ainda oferece como subproduto um método para implementação de um sistema de aprendizagem e-Learning, construído a partir do estudo teórico e prático do tema. / E-Learning is a concept that involves using computer and multimedia resources to help a community or a group of people learn something. People learn by executing lessons in computer, called as on-line training too. The participant can count with many kinds of content, as: interactive simulations, videos, presentations, collaborative tools and others. According to e-Learning concept, the participants could have their performance evaluated by tests or professionals. The objective of the present study is to identify and analysis the differences between traditional live learning and e-Learning, by comparing both using performance indicators and evaluating the benefits of each other. To achieve the proposed objective, it was made a case study in a multinational enterprise where many people were trained by two learning strategies: pure traditional live and blend e-Learning training. Then the results were analyzed. This study still offers a method to implement an e-Learning training system, developed according to conceptual and practice analysis.