Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate if there is a beneficial effect on the prevalence of white spot lesions (WSL) in the mandibular and maxillary teeth when the teeth in the maxilla are treated with fluoride varnish compared to a placebo group. The null hypothesis was that there is no difference between the test and placebo group in development of WSL. Material and Method: 182 patients from three clinics in Scania county (Sweden) undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances were selected to participate, in the end 149 patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, one receiving a varnish of 7700 ppm fluoride (Fluor Protector S, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and one a placebo varnish. Pre- and post-treatment photos were taken and WSL was graded according to Gorelick index by two independent observers.  Results: No significant difference could be seen between the test and placebo group, neither on surface nor individual level. The results were based on both t-test and percentual calculations.  Conclusion: The null hypothesis could be accepted since no significant difference could be seen between the test or placebo group. Due to the loss of a number of patients, mainly because of loss in the original study and new exclusion criteria set by the authors, the results may have been conflicted. More research is therefore needed to draw any conclusions. / Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns en effekt på förekomsten av white spot lesions (WSL) hos under- och överkäkens tänder när tänderna i överkäken behandlas med fluoridvarnish. Nollhypotesen sattes till att det inte finns någon skillnad mellan test- och placebogruppen i prevalens av WSL. Material och metod: Patienter från tre olika kliniker i Skåne deltog i studien, 149 av 182 deltagare fullföljde studien. Patienterna delades in i två grupper, en som fick ett fluoridvarnish med 7700 ppm fluorid (Fluor Protector S, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) och en med placebovarnish. Kliniska foton togs innan samt efter behandling med fast apparatur som graderades och bedömdes enligt Gorelick-skalan för WSL av två oberoende observatörer. Resultat: Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan testgruppen och placebogruppen varken på individ- eller ytnivå. Resultatet baserades på både t-test och procentberäkningar. Slutsats: Nollhypotesen accepterades då ingen signifikant skillnad fanns mellan test- och placebogrupp. På grund av bortfall av patienter, både i originalstudien men även med anledning av exklusionskriterier satta för denna studie, kan resultatet ha påverkats. Mer forskning behövs därför för att dra några slutsatser.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis completo de las técnicas de iluminación y registro de imagen desarrollados hasta el momento y que permiten emplear la fluorescencia intrínseca de estructuras biológicas para aumentar la capacidad de identificación, detección y análisis de lesiones y anomalías que puedan presentarse. El trabajo se ha enfocado principalmente en a) el análisis, validación y desarrollo de técnicas de detección precoz de lesiones asociadas al Carcinoma Escamoso Epidermoide (oncología otorrinolaringológica), así como posibles lesiones precursoras y b) el análisis y desarrollo de una metodología que permita registrar imágenes de fluorescencia y cuantificar mediante la aplicación de técnicas de procesado de imagen la afección provocada por el Acné Vulgaris (dermatología). Se proponen nuevas formas de adquisición, registro y procesado de imágenes de fluorescencia que mejoran de forma objetiva la capacidad de detección y gestión de las anteriores patologías. El desarrollo de la Tesis ha dado lugar a varios resultados. Parte de los resultados se han estructurado en forma de artículos de investigación y trabajos publicados en revistas JCR. Así, la tesis se va a desarrollar por Compendio de Artículos, incluyéndose: a) Artículo de Investigación 1 publicado en revista JCR. Segmentation methods for acne vulgaris images: Proposal of a new methodology applied to fluorescence images. b) Artículo de Investigación 2 publicado en revista JCR. Hough Transform Sensitivivy Factor Calculation Model Applied to the Analysis of Acné Vulgaris Skin Lesions. c) Artículo de Investigación publicado en Congreso Internacional. Analysis of segmentation methods for acne vulgaris images. Proposal of a new methodology applied to fluorescence images. d) Estudio Observacional (modalidad de ensayo clínico para técnicas no invasivas) con DICTAMEN FAVORABLE para su realización con fecha 29 de Septiembre de 2022. El Estudio Observacional ha sido evaluado por los miembros del Comité Ético de Investigación con medicamentos del Departamento Arnau de Vilanova-Llíria. A causa de la pandemia causada por la COVID-19, la ejecución del trabajo se ha visto pospuesta y se iniciará en el último trimestre de 2022. Título: ANÁLISIS DE IMÁGENES DE AUTOFLUORESCENCIA PARA SU USO POTENCIAL COMO SISTEMA NO INVASIVO EN LA DETECCIÓN DE LESIONES ORALES POTENCIALMENTE MALIGNAS. De forma adicional a los trabajos publicados, se ha redactado en forma de review (susceptible de ser publicado) el estado del arte que ha permitido desarrollar el OBJETIVO ESPECÍFICO 3. Se adjunta como Artículo de Investigación susceptible de publicación en revista JCR. Título: Segmentation of acne vulgaris images algorithms. La ejecución del Estudio Observacional se plantea como la línea de investigación a seguir y que da continuidad a la investigación iniciada en la presente Tesis Doctoral. El documento de Tesis está estructurado en 7 capítulos y 11 Anexos. Para el desarrollo del presente trabajo se han planteado tres objetivos específicos. Cada artículo o trabajo publicado se corresponde con el desarrollo de cada uno de los tres objetivos específicos. Así, cada uno de los capítulos 3, 4 y 5 plantea el escenario, desarrollo y conclusiones obtenidas que han dado como resultado cada uno de los trabajos publicados de forma independiente. / [CAT] En el present treball es realitza una anàlisi completa de les tècniques d'il·luminació i registre d'imatge desenvolupats fins al moment i que permeten emprar la fluorescència intrínseca d'estructures biològiques per a augmentar la capacitat d'identificació, detecció i anàlisi de lesions i anomalies que puguen presentar-se. El treball s'ha enfocat principalment en a) l'anàlisi, validació i desenvolupament de tècniques de detecció precoç de lesions associades al Carcinoma Escatós Epidermoide (oncologia otorrinolaringològica), així com possibles lesions precursores i b) l'anàlisi i desenvolupament d'una metodologia que permeta registrar imatges de fluorescència i quantificar mitjançant l'aplicació de tècniques de processament d'imatge l'afecció provocada per l'Acne Vulgaris (dermatologia). Es proposen noves formes d'adquisició, registre i processament d'imatges de fluorescència que milloren de manera objectiva la capacitat de detecció i gestió de les anteriors patologies. El desenvolupament de la Tesi ha donat lloc a diversos resultats. Part dels resultats s'han estructurat en forma d'articles d'investigació i treballs publicats en revistes JCR. Així, la tesi es desenvoluparà per Compendi d'Articles, incloent-se: a) Article d'Investigació 1 publicat en revista JCR. Segmentation methods for acne vulgaris images: Proposal of a new methodology applied to fluorescence images. b) Article d'Investigació 2 publicat en revista JCR. Hough Transform Sensitivivy Factor Calculation Model Applied to the Analysis of Acné Vulgaris Skin Lesions. c) Article d'Investigació publicat en Congrés Internacional. Analysis of segmentation methods for acne vulgaris images. Proposal of a new methodology applied to fluorescence images. d) Estudi Observacional (modalitat d'assaig clínic per a tècniques no invasives) amb DICTAMEN FAVORABLE per a la seua realització amb data 29 de Setembre de 2022. L'Estudi Observacional ha sigut avaluat pels membres del Comité Ètic d'Investigació amb medicaments del Departament Arnau de Vilanova-Llíria. A causa de la pandèmia causada per la COVID-19, l'execució del treball s'ha vist posposada i s'iniciarà en l'últim trimestre de 2022. Títol: ANÁLISIS DE IMÁGENES DE AUTOFLUORESCENCIA PARA SU USO POTENCIAL COMO SISTEMA NO INVASIVO EN LA DETECCIÓN DE LESIONES ORALES POTENCIALMENTE MALIGNAS. De manera addicional als treballs publicats, s'ha redactat en forma de review (susceptible de ser publicat) l'estat de l'art que ha permés desenvolupar l'OBJECTIU ESPECÍFIC 3. S'adjunta com a Article d'Investigació susceptible de publicació en revista JCR. Títol: Segmentation of acne vulgaris images algorithms. L'execució de l'Estudi Observacional es planteja com la línia d'investigació a seguir i que dona continuïtat a la investigació iniciada en la present Tesi Doctoral. El document de Tesi està estructurat en 7 capítols i 11 Annexos. Per al desenvolupament del present treball s'han plantejat tres objectius específics. Cada article o treball publicat es correspon amb el desenvolupament de cadascun dels tres objectius específics. Així, cadascun dels capítols 3, 4 i 5 planteja l'escenari, desenvolupament i conclusions obtingudes que han donat com a resultat cadascun dels treballs publicats de manera independent. / [EN] In the present work, a complete analysis is made of the illumination and image recording techniques developed so far that allow the use of intrinsic fluorescence of biological structures to increase the capacity of identification, detection and analysis of lesions and anomalies that may occur. The work has focused mainly on a) the analysis, validation and development of techniques for the early detection of lesions associated with Squamous Epidermoid Carcinoma (otorhinolaryngological oncology), as well as possible precursor lesions, and b) the analysis and development of a methodology for recording fluorescence images and quantifying the condition caused by Acne Vulgaris (dermatology) through the application of image processing techniques. New ways of acquisition, registration and processing of fluorescence images are proposed to objectively improve the capacity of detection and management of the previous pathologies. The development of the Thesis has led to several results. Part of the results have been structured in the form of research articles and papers published in JCR journals. Thus, the thesis is going to be developed by Compendium of Articles, including: a) Research Article 1 published in JCR journal. Segmentation methods for acne vulgaris images: Proposal of a new methodology applied to fluorescence images. b) Research Article 2 published in JCR journal. Hough Transform Sensitivity Factor Calculation Model Applied to the Analysis of Acne Vulgaris Skin Lesions. c) Research Article published in International Congress. Analysis of segmentation methods for acne vulgaris images. Proposal of a new methodology applied to fluorescence images. d) Observational study (clinical trial modality for non-invasive techniques) with FAVORABLE OPINION for its realization on September 29, 2022. The Observational Study has been evaluated by the members of the Ethics Committee for Research with Medicines of the Arnau de Vilanova-Llíria Department. Due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19, the execution of the work has been postponed and will start in the last quarter of 2022. Title: ANALYSIS OF AUTOFLUORESCENCE IMAGES FOR POTENTIAL USE AS A NON-INVASIVE SYSTEM IN THE DETECTION OF POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT ORAL LESIONS. In addition to the published works, the state of the art that has allowed the development of SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 3 has been written in the form of a review (susceptible of being published). It is attached as a Research Article susceptible of being published in a JCR journal. Title: Segmentation of acne vulgaris images algorithms. The execution of the Observational Study is proposed as the line of research to be followed and which gives continuity to the research initiated in the present Doctoral Thesis. The Thesis document is structured in 7 chapters and 11 Annexes. Three specific objectives have been set for the development of this work. Each article or published work corresponds to the development of each of the three specific objectives. Thus, each of the chapters 3, 4 and 5 presents the scenario, development and conclusions obtained that have resulted in each of the works published independently. / Moncho Santonja, M. (2022). Aplicación de técnicas de iluminación y procesado de imagen para la detección y medición de lesiones [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/191027 / Compendio

Light scattering-based techniques are being developed for non-invasive diagnostics of inhomogeneous media in various fields, such as medicine, biology, and material characterization. However, as most media of interest are highly scattering and have a complex structure, it is difficult to obtain a full analytical solution of the scattering problem without introducing approximations and assumptions about the properties of the system under consideration. Moreover, most of the previous studies deal with idealized scattering situations, rarely encountered in practice. This dissertation provides new analytical, numerical, and experimental solutions to describe subtle effects introduced by the properties of the light sources, and by the boundaries, absorption and morphology of the investigated media. A novel Monte Carlo simulation was developed to describe the statistics of partially coherent beams after propagation through inhomogeneous media. The Monte Carlo approach also enabled us to study the influence of the refractive index contrast on the diffusive processes, to discern between different effects of absorption in multiple scattering, and to support experimental results on inhomogeneous media with complex morphology. A detailed description of chromatic effects in scattering was used to develop new models that explain the spectral dependence of the detected signal in applications such as imaging and diffuse reflectance measurements. The quantitative and non-invasive characterization of inhomogeneous media with complex structures, such as porous membranes, diffusive coatings, and incipient lesions in natural teeth was then demonstrated.

Nucleic acids are complex macromolecules that are susceptible to both endogenous and exogenous damage. This study explored damage resulting from interactions with environmental nucleophilic toxins, such as a variety of diols and amines found in industry. These nucleophiles can react with electrophilic groups, such as 5-formylcytosine. 5-formylcytosine is an oxidation product of the epigenetic base 5-methylcytosine. It is typically removed by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) but is known to accumulate in the genome, making the formyl group susceptible to attack. In this study we used GC/MS and ESI-MS to show that DNA lesions from the nucleophilic addition reaction of toxins and 5-formylcytosine can be formed under physiological conditions. In addition, this formation showed a pH dependency, with lower pHs showing more product formation. Studies with a lesion formed from the reaction of 1,3-propane diol and 5-formylcytosine showed that the lesion has little effect on the conformation of the DNA duplex. UV thermal denaturation studies showed that at a glance the lesion also has little effect on the stability of the DNA duplex, however, more extensive studies revealed a slight destabilization effect due to the lesion. Enzymatic studies showed that the presence of one lesion does not have a significant effect on the ability of DNA polymerase to efficiently complete DNA replication with high fidelity, but when the lesion was incorrectly base paired, the extension reactions resulted in deletion products or a halt in replication. Addition of a second tandem lesion to the template resulted in a decrease in fidelity, while continuing to give deletion products and replication stops in the presence of mismatched base pairs. This is particularly significant, indicating the potential for the lesion to be mutagenic or even cytotoxic. Lesions formed from other environmental toxins could be even more damaging, making them well worth future investigation.

Caries, the world’s most common chronic disease, remains a major cause of invasive restorative dental treatment. To take advantage of the diagnostic potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in contemporary dental prevention and treatment, an intraorally applicable spectral-domain OCT probe has been developed based on an OCT hand-held scanner equipped with a rigid 90°-optics endoscope. The probe was verified in vitro. In vivo, all tooth surfaces could be imaged with the OCT probe, except the vestibular surfaces of third molars and the proximal surface sections of molars within a 'blind spot' at a distance greater than 2.5 mm from the tooth surface. Proximal surfaces of 64 posterior teeth of four volunteers were assessed by intraoral OCT, visual-tactile inspection, bitewing radiography and fiber-optic transillumination. The agreement in detecting healthy and carious surfaces varied greatly between OCT and established methods (18.2–94.7%), whereby the established methods could always be supplemented by OCT. Direct and indirect composite and ceramic restorations with inherent imperfections and failures of the tooth-restoration bond were imaged and qualitatively evaluated. The intraoral OCT probe proved to be a powerful technological approach for the non-invasive imaging of healthy and carious hard tooth tissues and gingiva as well as tooth-colored restorations.

Background: Fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation represents a biologic restoration technique as an alternative treatment option for larger osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate midterm outcomes after OCA transplantation for the treatment of OLT. Methods: Nineteen patients (20 ankles) received partial unipolar OCA transplant for symptomatic OLT between January 1998 and October 2014. The mean age was 34.7 years, and 53% were male. The average graft size was 3.8 cm2. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Outcomes included the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Module (AAOS-FAM), the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), and pain and satisfaction questionnaires. Failure of OCA was defined as conversion to arthrodesis or revision OCA transplantation. Results: Five of 20 ankles (25%) required further surgery, of which 3 (5%) were considered OCA failures (2 arthrodesis and 1 OCA revision). The mean time to failure was 3.5 (range, 0.9 to 6.7) years. Survivorship was 88.7% at 5 years and 81.3% at 10 years. The median follow-up of the 17 patients with grafts in situ was 9.7 years. The mean OMAS improved significantly from 40 points preoperatively to 71 points postoperatively (P < .05; range, 5 to 55). The mean postoperative AAOS-FAM core score was 81.5 ± 15 (range, 40.5 to 96.6). Fifteen of 17 patients responded to follow-up questions regarding their ankle; 14 patients reported less pain and better function, and 13 patients were satisfied with the results of the procedure. Conclusion: Our study of midterm results after OCA transplantations showed that this procedure was a reasonable treatment option for large OLT. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.

No description available.

Yes / Background Buruli ulcer (BU) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans and considered the third most prevalent mycobacterial disease in humans. Secondary bacterial infections in open BU lesions are the main cause of pain, delayed healing and systemic illness, resulting in prolonged hospital stay. Thus, understanding the diversity of bacteria, termed the microbiome, in these open lesions is important for proper treatment. However, adequately studying the human microbiome in a clinical setting can prove difficult when investigating a neglected tropical skin disease due to its rarity and the setting. Methodology/Principal findings Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we determined the microbial composition of 5 BU lesions, 3 non-BU lesions and 3 healthy skin samples. Although no significant differences in diversity were found between BU and non-BU lesions, the former were characterized by an increase of Bacteroidetes compared to the non-BU wounds and the BU lesions also contained significantly more obligate anaerobes. With this molecular-based study, we were also able to detect bacteria that were missed by culture-based methods in previous BU studies. Conclusions/Significance Our study suggests that BU may lead to changes in the skin bacterial community within the lesions. However, in order to determine if such changes hold true across all BU cases and are either a cause or consequence of a specific wound environment, further microbiome studies are necessary. Such skin microbiome analysis requires large sample sizes and lesions from the same body site in many patients, both of which can be difficult for a rare disease. Our study proposes a pipeline for such studies and highlights several drawbacks that must be considered if microbiome analysis is to be utilized for neglected tropical diseases.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-06T14:11:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina Naves de Castro Rocha - 2017.pdf: 1758790 bytes, checksum: 97bce7148c03e60203e44acbb4531226 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-06T14:11:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina Naves de Castro Rocha - 2017.pdf: 1758790 bytes, checksum: 97bce7148c03e60203e44acbb4531226 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-06T14:11:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina Naves de Castro Rocha - 2017.pdf: 1758790 bytes, checksum: 97bce7148c03e60203e44acbb4531226 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-17 / Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune, systemic, chronic inflammatory disease. The ACR (American College of Rheumatology) considers 4 skin findings as attributes for classifying SLE, while the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) has added new cutaneous lesions as classification criteria. The purpose of the present study is to quantify cutaneous lesions in SLE and associate them with other disease elements (demographics, ANA antibodies, extracutaneous lesions and disease activity) in patients treated at a renowned reference hospital in Brazil’s center-west region. Methods: Patients diagnosed with SLE in the HC/FMUFG unit were selected, and 97 of them were enrolled. A clinical consultation, along with medical records, provided collected data. SLEDAI score was used for measuring disease activity. The skin findings were categorized in groups according to the SLICC´s critera. Association and descriptive analysis of the qualitative variables were used, using absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies. Results: Subjects were 86 females and 11 males of mixed ethnicities. Among LE specific lesions, malar rash was predominant, accounting for 33 patients (32.98%). Photosensitivity was found in 30.92% of patients, equivalent of Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE), discoid lesions in 9.27%, whilst lupus panniculitis comprised 3.9%. Hypertrophic and chilblain lupus represented both 2.06%. We found 72.16% patients with active disease and 81.4% with positive ANA. Conclusions: At least one skin lesion was present in 60,8% of the patients. In this Brazilian population, malar rash remains the main presentation of skin lesions in SLE, followed by SCLE and photosensitivity. We found no important association among skin lesions and SLEDAI score, ethnicity, age or gender. ANA antibodies was associated with alopecia (both cicatricial and non-cicatricial). Further studies are necessary in order to establish precise disease activity correlation and guided prognosis through skin findings. A deeper understanding of cutaneous lesions in SLE may provide a better disease management. / O Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) é uma doença inflamatória crônica, autoimune. Cerca de 80% dos pacientes apresentam lesão cutânea. O American College of Rheumatology (ACR) atribui às lesões cutâneas quatro de seus 11 critérios de classificação, enquanto o Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) inclui mais lesões cutâneas em sua classificação. A proposta do presente estudo é descrever e quantificar as lesões cutâneas no LES e associá-las a fatores demográficos e clínico-sorológicos, como: Fator Antinuclear (FAN), atividade da doença (segundo o SLEDAI), manifestações extra-cutâneas. Metodologia: 97 pacientes acima de 18 anos, diagnosticados com LES, fizeram parte deste estudo. Dados foram obtidos da consulta, juntamente com prontuários. As lesões descritas foram agrupadas conforme os critérios SLICC, para as associações. Uma análise descritiva e associações das variáveis foi utilizada, a partir de frequências absoluta (n) e relativa (%). Resultados: Foram analisados 86 indivíduos do gênero feminino, e 11 do masculino, de diferentes etnias. O eritema malar foi a lesão predominante (32,98%). A fotossensibilidade foi encontrada em 30,92%, assim como o Lúpus Eritematoso Cutâneo Subagudo (LECS), e o lúpus discoide em 9,27%. A paniculite ocorreu em 3,9% dos casos. O lúpus hipertrófico e o lúpus pérnio ocorreram em 2,06% dos pacientes. Houve 72,16% de pacientes com doença ativa e 81,4% com FAN positivo. Não foram encontradas associações entre as lesões cutâneas e fatores demográficos, tampouco com atividade da doença ou manifestações clínicas principais. Conclusão: Dentre os pacientes estudados, 60,8% apresentavam ao menos uma lesão cutânea. Apenas a alopecia (todos os tipos) se associou ao gênero feminino. Não houve relevância nas comparações com nenhum outro dado demográfico. Não houve associação da presença do FAN com as lesões cutâneas. Não houve relevância na comparação de lesões cutâneas com outras manifestações, inclusive atividade da doença. São necessários novos estudos para se estabelecer relações entre as lesões cutâneas, atividade da doença, e previsão prognóstica. A compreensão das lesões cutâneas no LES pode trazer luz para uma melhor conduta terapêutica na doenç

Titel: Magnetfältstyrkans betydelse för personer med multipel skleros eller kliniskt isolerat syndrom - en litteraturstudie Bakgrund: Multipel skleros (MS) är en demyeliniserande autoimmun sjukdom i centrala nervsystemet som debuterar främst hos unga vuxna. MS diagnostiseras utifrån kliniska och radiologiska fynd enligt McDonaldkriterierna där inga krav ställs på vilken fältstyrka som bör användas. Magnetkameror med högre fältstyrkor blir dock vanligare. Syfte: Att undersöka om högre fältstyrka (Tesla, T) gav bättre detektion av lesioner vid magnetresonanstomografiundersökningar av personer med multipel skleros eller kliniskt isolerat syndrom. Metod: I denna litteraturstudie gjordes sökningarna i databaserna PubMed, Web of Science och Scopus mellan 8 och 11 mars 2016. Tio kvantitativa artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades för att slutligen sammanställas i resultatet. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras under fyra huvudrubriker och totalt tolv underrubriker. Huvudrubrikerna är skillnad mellan fältstyrkor, fältstyrkor och anatomiska regioner, fältstyrkor och pulssekvenser samt artefakter och bildkvalitet. Konklusion: 3T och 7T är bättre än 1,5T och att 7T ofta är bättre än 3T på att detektera lesioner. Dock måste andra aspekter tas i beaktning då det är många parametrar som spelar in vid en magnetresonanstomografiundersökning. Ytterligare studier gällande bland annat optimering av pulssekvenser samt patienters upplevelser av ultrahöga fältstyrkor rekommenderas. / Title: The importance of magnetic field strength for people with multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome - a literature study. Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system debuting mostly in young adults. MS is diagnosed based on clinical and radiological findings according to the McDonald criteria where no requirements are placed on which field strength that should be used. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners with higher field strengths are however becoming more common. Objective: To investigate whether higher field strength (Tesla, T) gave better detection of lesions at MRI examinations of people with MS or clinically isolated syndrome. Methods: In this literature study searches were made in the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus between the 8th and 11th of March 2016. Ten quantitative articles were examined and analyzed to finally be compiled under the results. Results: The results are presented under four main headings and twelve sub- headings. The main headings are the differences between field strengths, field strength and anatomical regions, field strength and pulse sequences and artifacts and image quality. Conclusion: 3T and 7T are better than 1,5T and 7T is usually better than 3T at detecting lesions. However other aspects need to be taken into account because many parameters come into play during MRI examinations. Further studies regarding optimization of pulse sequences and field strength and patients’ experiences of ultrahigh field strength are recommended, among others.