Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-11-18T13:30:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Marcio Carapeto.pdf: 4480984 bytes, checksum: e3f0fb0f00ff4670fb57164024fcccd6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2018-01-08T13:27:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Marcio Carapeto.pdf: 4480984 bytes, checksum: e3f0fb0f00ff4670fb57164024fcccd6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-08T13:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Marcio Carapeto.pdf: 4480984 bytes, checksum: e3f0fb0f00ff4670fb57164024fcccd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-05 / A presente pesquisa, de caráter exploratório, qualitativo e descritivo, surge diante necessidade em jogar luz à crescente preocupação das empresas, em especial as extrativistas, em relação à pressão exercida sobre as suas atividades e operações por parte das comunidades nas localidades onde se instalam. Os impactos e os riscos gerados, inerentes aos seus processos, quando não tratados de forma correta são propulsores de movimentos capazes de gerar prejuízos operacionais, financeiros, patrimoniais, de segurança e reputacionais. Neste sentido as empresas buscam estabelecer orientações corporativas adequadas e um modelo de gestão eficiente para se relacionarem com as comunidades. A temática relacionamento comunitário, enquanto ciência, é muito recente, assim a coleta de dados demandou uma triangulação de métodos que garantissem a validação de seus resultados. Foi realizada uma extensa revisão literária, a partir dos conceitos chave da pesquisa, um estudo de caso aprofundado, com uma empresa extrativista brasileira a partir de análise documental e observação de campo e entrevista com profissionais e especialistas. Destaca-se que as orientações e diretrizes analisadas na empresa estudada se mostram coerentes com a revisão literária realizada, rendendo um rico material técnico e teórico para a escassa literatura existente sobre o tema. Como conclusão do trabalho, ainda, revela-se a importância da prática, da rotina das atividades de relacionamento para o sucesso do processo. Diante da destacada importância do tema o presente estudo apresenta orientações eficientes, a luz da bibliografia científica e técnica existente, para as empresas do segmento e uma nova perspectiva científica para pesquisadores ao confrontar um modelo real e a revisão literária visitada. / This research, exploratory, qualitative and descriptive, arises from the need to understand the growing concern of extractive companies, about the pressure exerted on their activities and operations by the communities in the places where they are installed. The impacts and risks generated, inherent in their processes, when not treated in a right way can start movements capable of generating operational, financial, property, safety and reputational losses. In this sense, companies seek to establish adequate corporate guidelines and an efficient management model to relate to communities. “Community relations”, as a science, is very recent, so the data collection required a triangulation of methods that could guarantee its results. An extensive literary review was carried out, based on the key concepts of the research, and a case study, with a brazilian extractive company based on documentary analysis and field observation and, finally, interviews with professionals and specialists were realized. It should be noted that the guidelines analyzed in the studied company are consistent with the literary review, yielding a rich technical and theoretical material for the scarce existing literature on the subject. As conclusion, it also reveals the importance of practice, from the routine of relationship activities to the success of the process. In view of the importance of the topic, the present study presents efficient guidelines, if compared with the existing scientific and technical bibliography, for the companies of the segment and a new scientific perspective for researchers when confronting a real model and the literary review visited.

The purpose of this thesis is to study the legitimacy perspective in sustainability reporting in the given context, and to find out whether Swedish construction companies define and value their legitimacy. In the thesis we have performed a qualitative study using the inductive method; in the research we have used hermeneutics as our starting point and constructionism as the research strategy. In the empirical part we have conducted structured interviews with a list of pre-formulated questions. For the interviews, we have chosen Sweden’s major property developers: Skanska AB, PEAB AB, NCC AB, JM AB and Midroc AB. Companies can get motivation to report their sustainability from their perceived obligation to support license to operate. Not all the companies use stakeholder analysis in the preparation of annual reports, which lets us assume that the companies base their choice of data mainly on internal perceptions of what is required. Data is not selected basing only on what company itself finds interesting; stakeholders’ information needs are reflected in the selection process, although, just like in the first question, not necessarily deliberately. Financial rationale is merely a criterion when choosing sustainability projects to work with; it does not define whether a company is focusing on sustainability in general. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera legitimitetsteorin hållbarhetsredovisningar i en särskild kontext och att studera om den svenska fastighetsutvecklingsbranschen definierar och värderar deras legitimitet. I vår uppsats har vi utfört en kvalitativ studie genom att använda induktiv metod. I forskningen har vi använt hermeneutik till att börja med och konstruktionism som forskningsmetodik. I vår empiri har vi utfört intervjuer med hjälp av ett frågeformulär. Till intervjuerna har vi valt Sveriges största fastighetsutvecklingsbolag: Skanska AB, PEAB AB, NCC AB, JM AB and Midroc AB. Bolagen kan motiveras att rapportera hållbarhet genom deras påtvingade skyldighet att upprätthålla licence to operate. Alla företag använder inte intressentanalys i förberedelserna inför årsrapporteringen, vilket ledde oss att antaga att företagen baserar deras val av innehåll huvudsakligen genom en intern föreställning om vad som förväntas från omvärlden. Fakta blir inte enbart utvald efter vad bolagen själv finner intressant. Intressenternas informationsbehov är reflekterade i urvalsprocessen, dock ej helt medvetet. Finansiella motiv är endast ett kriterium när företagen skall välja hållbarhetsprojekt; det avgör inte om ett företag fokuserar på hållbarhet i allmänhet.

Le 25 juin 2011, Kofi Annan, déclare « avec le problème du changement climatique, la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle mondiale est l’enjeu de notre époque ». En effet, les prévisions estiment que la population mondiale atteindra neuf milliards en 2050. Ces propos alarmants placent sur la sellette le phénomène en émergence de transactions internationales agricoles à grande échelle. Alors que la Banque mondiale encourage l’agrobusiness dans les pays en voie de développement, les mouvements sociaux crient à « l’accaparement des terres », avec une superficie totale de terres ayant changé de main, estimée entre 48,9 et 63,1 millions d’hectares. Le monde agricole est en crise, et le sujet de l’accaparement des terres est devenu incontournable dans les médias. Cette recherche interdisciplinaire se veut exploratoire. Elle a pour ambition de dégager comment pourrait s’amorcer la construction de l’acceptabilité sociale de l’industrie agricole à l’échelle internationale, en se basant sur les représentations des acteurs de « l’inacceptabilité de la situation ». Après avoir dégagé les grands enjeux du monde agricole, la question centrale de la légitimité des décisions publiques, c’est-à-dire des décisions ayant une portée publique, qu’elles soient prises par des acteurs privés ou publics, sera abordée. Par la suite, un parallèle sera établi avec le secteur minier, qui est confronté depuis plusieurs années à la notion de « risque social », en se concentrant plus particulièrement sur les instruments de régulation hybride, qui ont émergé en réponse à la crise de légitimité du secteur. La recherche se concentrera donc sur le processus d’homogénéisation du jugement d’acceptabilité sociale, au sein de l’industrie agricole, en analysant la couverture médiatique du phénomène, et en renforçant l’analyse par des entretiens semi-structurés avec différents acteurs oeuvrant dans des ONG internationales, des organisations internationales (comme la Banque mondiale ou la Société financière internationale), une multinationale d’envergure impliquée dans l’exploitation minière, ou des groupes d’investissement responsable. / June 25, 2011, Kofi Annan, said « the problem of climate change, global food and nutrition security is the challenge of our time. » As forecasts estimate the world population will achieve nine billion in 2050, the question of how the world is to be fed is thrust into startling focus. In this context, the emerging phenomenon of international agricultural transactions is on the spot. While the World Bank encourages agribusiness in developing countries, social movements denounce "land grabbing", with a total area of land that changed hands, estimated between 48.9 and 63.1 million hectares. The agricultural world is in crisis, and the subject of land grabbing has become a must in the media. This interdisciplinary research is intended to be exploratory and aims at identifying how the construction of the social acceptability of the agricultural industry at international level could be started, based on the representations of the actors of what is “unacceptable”. Having identified the main issues of the agricultural world, the central question of the legitimacy of public decisions, that is to say decisions having a public scope, whether taken by private or public actors, will be addressed. Subsequently, a parallel will be drawn with the mining sector, which has been confronted for several years with the notion of "social risk", focusing in particular on hybrid regulatory instruments, which emerged in response to the crisis of legitimacy of the sector. The research will therefore concentrate on the process of homogenization of the judgment of social acceptability within the agricultural industry, analyzing the media coverage of the phenomenon, and reinforcing the analysis by semistructured interviews with different actors working in international NGOs, international organizations (such as the World Bank or the International Finance Corporation), a large multinational involved in mining, or responsible investment groups.

Die License to Operate eines Unternehmens sichert dessen Optionen zukünftiger Handlungsbedingungen und somit seine Existenz und Gewinnpotenziale. Große Unternehmen sehen sich im Konflikt mit Ansprüchen von Stakeholdern jedoch zunehmend mit der Herausforderung von Erhalt oder Wiedererlangung der License to Operate konfrontiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die vorliegende Dissertation die Interaktion von Unternehmen und Stakeholdern am Beispiel eines deutschen Rohstoff-Konzerns mit dem Ansatz der Ökonomischen Ethik. Eine erfolgreiche Interaktion benötigt hierbei ein hinreichend gemeinsames „Spielverständnis“, welches u.a. durch die Akzeptanz von Positionen der Spielpartner, Vertrauen, Transparenz und Selbstbindung entstehen kann. Die entwickelten Vorschläge für erfolgreiche Interaktion zum gegenseitigen Vorteil werden am Praxisfall beispielhaft illustriert.:Abbildungsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1.1 Hinführung zur Thematik 1.2 Hintergrund 1.3 Die Problemstellung im ökonomischen Kontext 1.4 Zielstellung und Eingrenzung 1.5 Vorgehensweise und Aufbau 2 Theoretischer Rahmen einer Ethik der Wirtschaft 2.1 Ökonomik 2.2 Ethik im ökonomischen Umfeld 2.3 Ökonomische Ethik 2.4 Die gegenwärtige Umsetzung in der unternehmerischen Praxis 2.5 Theorie der Fokalen Punkte nach Schelling 3 Die Bedeutung von Vertrauen für gelingende Kooperationen 3.1 Vertrauen – eine Begriffsklärung 3.2 Vertrauen in Organisationen 3.3 Vertrauen vor dem Hintergrund von Zeitdimensionen 3.4 Vertrauen und Verantwortung 3.5 Inkonsistenzen 4 Die Interaktion zwischen Unternehmen und Stakeholdern 4.1 Interaktion – eine Begriffsklärung in der Ökonomik 4.2 Akteure von Interaktionen aus unternehmerischer Sicht 4.3 Dialoge als Werkzeug 4.4 Probleme im Kontext 4.5 Neue Institutionenökonomik in Bezug auf Interaktion 4.6 Therapierungen in der Beziehung Unternehmen-Stakeholder 5 Ein Praxisbeispiel in Deutschland 5.1 Ein Konflikt in der Praxis 5.2 Der Untersuchungsgegenstand 5.3 Konflikte im Praxisbeispiel 5.4 Ökonomische Ethik im Kali-Bergbau 5.5 Interaktion von Konfliktparteien 6 Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen 6.1 Unternehmen und Stakeholder in Interaktion 6.2 Der praktische Syllogismus der Interaktion 6.3 Erkenntnisse 6.4 Handlungsempfehlungen 6.5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis

El presente trabajo analiza los principios teóricos y conceptuales que componen el modelo “The Golden Stakeholder Circle”. La metodología empleada en este artículo corresponde al desarrollo de un paradigma naturalista e interpretativo, porque se estudia la gestión de las relaciones de las partes interesadas y se trata de comprender, analizar e interpretar la fenomenología de los conflictos sociales, centrándonos en la estructura del modelo, con el fin de comprender a cabalidad sus partes y generar nuevos conocimientos a partir del estudio de la literatura del modelo. Por ello se optó por recolectar y analizar el material bibliográfico empleado por Cesar Saenz para la elaboración de su modelo. Asimismo, se decidió analizar y comparar los datos e información sobre las teorías y conceptos empleados en dicho modelo con estudios y artículos de investigación en donde se desarrollaron casos en contextos similares y que exploraron algunas de las líneas de investigación que el autor empleó para construir su modelo. Finalmente, se complementó la información de los alcances del modelo con los aportes y descubrimientos de los otros estudios. / This work analyzes the theoretical and conceptual principles that make up the model “The Golden Stakeholder Circle”. The methodology used in this article corresponds to the development of a naturalistic and interpretive paradigm, because the management of stakeholder relationships is studied and it is about understanding, analyzing and interpreting the phenomenology of social conflicts, focusing on the structure of the model, in order to fully understand its parts and generate new knowledge from the study of the model's literature. For this reason, it was decided to collect and analyze the bibliographic material used by Cesar Saenz for the elaboration of his model. Likewise, it was decided to analyze and compare the data and information on the theories and concepts used in said model with studies and research articles where cases were developed in similar contexts and that explored some of the lines of research that the author used to build his model. Finally, the information on the scope of the model was complemented with the contributions and discoveries of the other studies. / Trabajo de investigación