Bakgrund: Enligt World Health Organization [WHO] är övervikt och fetma ett växande hälsoproblem med global påverkan. Livsstilsförändringar som kostomläggning, beteendeterapi och ökad fysisk aktivitet är viktiga verktyg för att hjälpa patienterna att uppnå en viktnedgång men idag är viktoperationer den mest effektiva metoden mot fetma.  Syfte: Belysa patienters erfarenheter i det dagliga livet efter genomgången viktoperation. Metod: Nio steg av Polit och Beck (2016) har använts för att göra forskningsprocessen tydlig och överskådlig. Använda databaser i sökningen: CINAHL och PubMED. I resultat ingår åtta artiklar. Resultat: Viktoperation påverkar och förändrar patientens liv och erbjuder dessa ett nytt matsmältningssystem som kan upplevas både positivt och negativt. Tre kategorier framkom i studie: Fysiska och fysiologiska förändringar, psykiska processen och sociala ändringar. Från dessa kategorier tillkom underkategorierna: Kroppsförändringar och dess effekt på hälsan och intimitet, förändrad relation till mat postoperativt, motion och kondition, känslomässiga reaktioner och självkänslan, samhällets influenser och familjestöd efter viktoperation. Slutsats: Patienterna förmedlade både positiva och negativa erfarenheter av en viktoperation som påverkade deras nya sätt att leva och gav dem en ny framtid.

by Lau Fong Ki. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-139). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.xi / List of Abbreviations --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Meanings of the RDAs and Recommendations --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- An overview of dietary changes --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Hypercholesterolemia related to high fat intake of local children --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4 --- Physical activity habits of children --- p.16 / Chapter 2.5 --- Parental influences on children's dietary practices --- p.23 / Chapter 2.6 --- Different criteria used in defining overweight and obesity --- p.26 / Chapter 2.7 --- Factors cause childhood obesity --- p.30 / Chapter 2.8 --- New international definition of overweight and obesity --- p.33 / Chapter 2.9 --- Implications of available studies --- p.34 / Chapter CHapter 3. --- Methods and Materials --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1 --- Study design --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2 --- Reference population --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3 --- Study population --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4 --- School selection --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5 --- Subjects --- p.38 / Chapter 3.6 --- Types of measurements --- p.38 / Chapter 3.7 --- Pilot study --- p.47 / Chapter 3.8 --- Data Processing --- p.48 / Chapter 3.9 --- Data Analyses --- p.49 / Chapter 3.10 --- Ethics --- p.54 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Results --- p.55 / Chapter 4.1 --- General descriptive data and responses rates --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2 --- Eating habits and nutrient intakes of the preschool children --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3 --- The relationships between gender and general eating habits --- p.77 / Chapter 4.4 --- Physical activity practices of the preschool children --- p.80 / Chapter 4.5 --- Relationships between gender and physical activity practices --- p.87 / Chapter 4.6 --- Parental influences on food selection practices and the preschool children's lifestyles --- p.87 / Chapter 4.7 --- Height and weight changes among the local 5-year-old children --- p.96 / Chapter 4.8 --- Prevalence of overweight and obesity --- p.98 / Chapter 4.9 --- Factors related to BMI (Body Mass Index) --- p.99 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.104 / Chapter 5.1 --- General eating and dietary intake habits --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2 --- Reasons for the similarity of eating habits and dietary intakes as older children and adults --- p.108 / Chapter 5.3 --- Macronutrient energy intake comparisons with other same age counterpartsin Japan and Canada --- p.110 / Chapter 5.4 --- Physical inactivity of the preschool children --- p.110 / Chapter 5.5 --- Lack of gender differences in eating and physical activity practices --- p.112 / Chapter 5.6 --- No relationship between the mothers' education levels and nutritional knowledge --- p.112 / Chapter 5.7 --- Non-scientific food selection methods by the highly educated mothers --- p.113 / Chapter 5.8 --- No relationship between the mothers' education levels and their children's eating practices --- p.114 / Chapter 5.9 --- The highly educated mothers' children seemed to be more active --- p.114 / Chapter 5.10 --- Modern Hong Kong children have similar body height and weight as children of other Chinese and Western group --- p.115 / Chapter 5.11 --- Factors related to children's BMI --- p.117 / Chapter 5.12 --- Limitations of the study --- p.119 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Conclusions and Recommendations --- p.122 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusions --- p.123 / Chapter 6.2 --- Recommendations --- p.125 / References --- p.127 / Appendix I (Advertising material) --- p.140 / Appendix II (Consent letter) --- p.142 / Appendix III (Material and results for focus groups) --- p.146 / Appendix IV (Lifestyle questionnaire and 3-day dietary records) --- p.152 / Appendix V (Tables of results) --- p.180

Bakgrund: Antalet personer med diabetes i världen ökar. Det har blivit en global epidemi. Risken för dödsfall bland människor med diabetes, är ungefär dubbelt så stor, som för människor i samma ålder utan diabetes. Diabetes typ 2 (DT2) är den vanligaste typen av diabetes. Inom hälso- och sjukvården används alltmer motiverande samtal (MI) som behandlingsmetod för livsstilsrelaterade problem som till exempel: kost, motion alkohol och tobak. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskans användning av MI påverkar livsstilsförändringar hos personer med DT2 och deras upplevelse av behandlingen. Metod: En litteraturöversikt. Resultat: MI som behandlingsmetod gav flera positiva hälsoeffekter. Det framgick bland annat genom en sänkning av HbA1c. Även kunskapsnivån gällande livsstilsförändringar ökade efter MI-behandling. Vid användning av MI stärktes personens inneboende motivation till förändring. Slutsats: MI är en relativt ny metod som ännu inte fått stor genomslag inom diabetesvården. MI ger positiva hälsoeffekter som till exempel sänkt HbA1c. Deltagarna blev mer motiverade och medvetna om sitt eget ansvar för att göra livsstilsförändringar. Mer forskning om MI för personer med DT2 behövs. / Background: The number of people in the world with diabetes is on the rise. It has become a global epidemic. The mortality risk among people suffering from diabetes is about twice as large, then for people in the same age without diabetes. Diabetes type 2 (DT2) is the most common form of diabetes. Motivational interviewing (MI) as a method of treatment, has a growing use within the health care sector and is applied to lifestyle related issues such as alcohol, tobacco, diet and exercise. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe how the nurse’s use of MI affect life-style changes in people with DT2 and their experience of the treatment. Method: A literature review. Result: MI, used as a treatment gave several positive health benefits. It showed among other things that HbA1c was lowered. Also the level of knowledge regarding lifestyle changes increased after MI treatment. The use of MI strengthened the person’s intrinsic motivation of change. Conclusion: MI is a relatively new treatment method that still hasn’t received a greater impact within the diabetic health care. MI shows positive health benefits such as a lowered HbA1c. The participants became more motivated and aware of their own responsibility to make life-style changes. More research is needed concerning MI for people with DT2.

The papers assembled in this thesis all address, in a Bourdieuan tradition, the question of the social structure of the Swedish education system, focusing on the Stockholm region, and how this structure can be explained by the distribution of cultural and other assets among individuals and social groups. Although economic, social and political changes during the period covered by the various studies are not the main focus of the work here, the articles depict the effects of such changes on upper secondary education in particular. While upper secondary education was radically changed by the political reforms of the 1990s, characterized by decentralisation and marketization, the analyses advanced in the studies indicate that its basic social structure remains stable. In one dimension, this structure opposes an “elite” pole having a particularly high social and scholastic recruitment to a “popular” pole with a correspondingly low recruitment profile. In a likewise durable second dimension, a “cultural” pole built up by schools and study programmes that are particularly popular among culturally strong social groups, opposes an “economic” pole favoured by social groups close to the economic and private sectors of society. The various papers reveal that the last opposition corresponds to both differences in life styles and deeply rooted convictions related to family and formal education among cultural and economic fractions of the upper-middle and middle classes. At this level, a belief in education as a development of the personality, with connected values such as individuality and originality, stands against a conviction that education is a rational investment in a future competitive career; as such, it is subject to calculated, measured risks. The existence of deeply rooted values among social groups with different structures of assets or capital also explains why schools –in the institutional strategies imposed on them by the school market– tend to express convictions (topoi) and symbolic values that correspond to those of their target groups. The various studies included in this thesis employ a combination of statistical approaches, mainly correspondence analysis, and qualitative ones such as: interviews, ethnographic observation and text analysis.

Introduction: The long-term success of non-surgical weight loss treatment in adults with obesity is limite by substantial relapse, and only a few evidence-based weight loss maintenance treatments exist. This clinical trial investigates the feasibility and efficacy of a social facilitation maintenance programme for weight loss maintenance, tailored to meet the needs of obese adults who have undergone a lifestyle weight loss intervention. Methods and analysis: In a single-centre, open feasibility trial, 72 adults currently or previously obese or overweight who have undergone a lifestyle weight loss intervention are centrally randomised to 4 months of social facilitation maintenance treatment or treatment as a usual control condition. In 16 outpatient group sessions, the social facilitation maintenance treatment, based on a socioecological model and on evidence supporting social facilitation as a key process in maintaining weight loss, focuses on promoting interpersonal relationships to build up a healthy lifestyle for long-term weight loss maintenance. Primary outcome is the amount of weight regain at 6-month follow-up, compared with pre-treatment weight, derived from measured body weight. Secondary outcomes address feasibility, including recruitment, attrition, assessment non-completion, compliance and patients’ programme evaluation; and in comparison with pre-weight loss maintenance, social and interpersonal functioning, eating behaviour and physical activity, psychological and physical symptoms, body composition and risk of comorbidity, and quality of life at post-treatment and follow-up assessments. Ethics and dissemination: The study was approved by the Ethical Committee at the University of Leipzig (165-13-15072013). The study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration number: DRKS00005182

Objective: The focus of this bachelor thesis is to study what a selection of magazine readers think generates value on the reading experience of a traditional lifestyle magazine. Furthermore create an deeper understanding of these values.  Method: Qualitative interviews was used as the method to investigate the participants' view of the user experience when reading a lifestyle magazine paper. Seven interviews were conducted with people who prefer the traditional newspaper.  Results: The results of this study show that it may be to early to talk about the print magazines dead. The physical and mental feeling that appear from reading a lifestyle paper magazine is almost impossible to implement in the digital version. Our results show that some of the underlying causes that lead to a the choise of the print magazine depends on the structure, the reading experience and the qualitative content that appears to be difficult to emulate on the web.

No description available.

Title: Habitual physical activity of Portuguese university students in the period of summer holidays Aim of the study: The aim of study is to evaluate habitual physical activity of Portuguese university students and to find out if they are meeting physical activity recommendations and could be seen as a sample of active population. Methods: Sample of the study was made of Portuguese university students, exactly students of physical education and sport sciences faculty. Sample size was 125 respondents, 81males and 44females. The sample refers to young adult age group from 18 years old, both genders. Instrument used was International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), long version. Data were collected electronically by Google Docs and then analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Results: Physical activity and sport scientist's students can be seen as a sample of active population. 122 (97.6%) respondents are meeting physical activity recommendations from which 87 (69.6%) are over-meeting these recommendations. PAL of the sample was high in 69,6%, moderate in 28% and low in 6,8% of the cases. No statistical significance was found between total physical activity score and academic year. The habitual physical activity of the sample is not influenced by their study curriculum....

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma doença crônica responsável por altos índices de morbi-mortalidade. Diversas tentativas de intervenção vêm sendo feitas o controle dessa doença e para diminuir a sua incidência das doenças crônicas, entretanto os números ainda são bastante assustadores. A atenção primária à saúde é o âmbito privilegiado para o acompanhamento das pessoas com diabetes mellitus (DM) especialmente no Programa de Saúde da Família que constitui estratégia prioritária para a reestruturação do modelo assistencial vigente no Sistema Único de Saúde. Assim, compreender os aspectos psicossociais e das condições de saúde das pessoas com DM pode ser importante nesse sentido . Esse trabalho teve por objetivos: Identificar como as pessoas com diabetes mellitus usuárias de uma Unidade da Saúde da Família (USF) no interior de Saõ Paulo avaliam seu cotidiano, seu lazer, seu trabalho e os seus relacionamentos; caracterizar as condições clínicas e o estilo de vida dessas pessoas e verificar a relação entre a auto-avaliação do cotidiano, lazer, trabalho e relacionamento, suas condições clínicas, e os seus estilos de vida. Trata-se de um estudo não experimental, correlacional com uma abordagem quantitativa. Foram avaliadas 152 pessoas com diabetes usuárias de uma USF em Sorocaba-SP por meio de respostas a questões de um questionário, pelo exame físico e pela avaliação dos prontuários. A amostra foi composta, em sua maioria, por pessoas do sexo feminino (59,2%), com idade média de 58,22 anos, casadas (57,9%), e católicas (58,6%). Possuíam baixo nível de escolaridade e baixa renda mensal sendo que 48% não exerciam atividade formal de trabalho. O tempo médio do diagnóstico de DM foi de 9,25 anos. A maior parte da população, (42,7%) utilizava hipoglicemiantes orais como terapêutica medicamentosa. A presença de complicações crônicas foi referida por 44,2% dos participantes da pesquisa, sendo a retinopatia a mais freqüente entre elas. 86,7% apresentavam controle glicêmico ruim e a maioria estava com sobrepeso. As pessoas fizeram uma regular avaliação dos aspectos psicossociais atribuindo melhor média aos relacionamentos sociais e a pior média ao lazer. Quanto ao estilo de vida e ao autocuidado mais da metade das pessoas referiram acordar disposto após uma noite de sono, 77,6% referiram não fumar ou ingerir bebidas alcoólicas, 50% dos participantes da pesquisa não praticavam atividades físicas, e a maior parte das pessoas estudadas fazia automonitorização de forma irregular na farmácia ou na UBS. Homens e mulheres que tinham maior nível de escolaridade avaliaram melhor os aspectos psicossociais de suas vidas e praticavam de forma correta a auto monitorização, pessoas mais velhas fumavam mais e ingeriam mais bebidas alcoólicas. As pessoas com menor renda mensal apresentavam maiores dificuldades para dormir enquanto as pessoas que melhor avaliaram suas vidas dormiam melhor e praticavam mais atividade física da forma adequada. As pessoas que praticavam atividades físicas tinham melhor controle glicêmico. Assim, foi possível identificar que as condições psicossociais e sociodemográficas podem estar ligadas às condições de saúde das pessoas com DM, o que deve ser considerado pelos profissionais que atuam na USF, visando à promoção e a proteção da saúde, prevenção de agravos, o tratamento e a manutenção da saúde das pessoas com diabetes. Desse modo recomenda-se o incremento de estudos que mostrem a influência dos aspectos psicossociais no controle do DM e de outras doenças crônico degenerativas, tornando esse tema base para a elaboração de estratégias de intervenção diferenciadas para a promoção da saúde das pessoas / Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease responsible for the high unhealthy and mortality indicators. Although several attempts of interventions have been done to control the disease and take in the chronic disorder incidence, the issues are very fearful. The primary attention of health is essential for diabetic´s accompaniment (DM), especially on The Family Health Program (USF) that builds up a prior strategy for the model assistancial restruction, on SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde). That way, to appreciate the psychosocial side and the real health conditions of people with DM must be important. This study had as objective: to identify how DM holder´s and user´s of The Family Health Unit (USF) at the countryside of São Paulo evaluate their everyday duties, leisure, works and relationships; to characterize the clinical conditions and the life´s style of these people. Finally, to check the relation among theirs everyday self-portrait, leisure, works, relationship, theirs clinical conditions and style of life. This is a no experimental study, correlate with a quantitative approach, It was measure, 152 diabetes mellitus holder´s from a Family Health Unit (USF) at Sorocaba - SP by catechism answers, going over test and handbook evaluation. The sample was constituted, on bulk, for womanly people (59,2%),with middle age about 58,22 years old, married (57,9%),catholic (58,6%),with low level teaching, low monthly pay and no formal works (48%). The DM diagnoses demanded about 9,25 years. The population bulk (42,7%) used oral hypoglycemic agents as medical therapy. The presence of chronic complications were refereed for the research entrants (44,2%), the retinopathy is most frequently among them (86,7%),they´ve reported a bad glicemic control and most of them were overweight. The entrants have done a regular evaluation for the psychosocial and they´ve had the best credit to the relationship and the worst to leisure. About the style of life and self-care more than a half of DM holder´s refered to awake better after a good nighttime,77,6% haven´t smoked or drunk alcoholic beverage,50% of the research entrants haven´t practiced any kind of sports´ activity and the bulk of them have done their own pharmacy or USF monitored in an irregular shape. Both men and women with high level teaching have better evaluated their own psychosocial profile. Men have smoked more than women and old people have smoked and drunk alcoholic beverage than younger. High level teaching people have more right self-monitor pratices. Low month income people reported more difficulty to sleep but who had a good sleep and had practiced some kind of sports activity d better evaluated about their own life and had better glicemic control too. So, it was possible to identify that the psychosocial and socialdemographics going can be connected at the DM holder´s health worthiness.It´ve to be reputed for health professionals on USF. More studies that point out the psychosocial influence over the DM control and others chronic degenerated diseases have to be developed with the purpose to care with health, prevention, attend and offering wellbeing to DM holder´s. This subject has been become an important base to give us different points of view about intervention strategies to promote health for people in general

This work deals with the issue of eating and physical activity of children in elementary school by comparing two categories - younger and older school age. The aim of this work is first to map the situation, to find out what is the level of eating habits and physical activity and whether the results differ in relation to the child's age. To provide the background to the research, a set of questionnaire questions for pupils was devised, focusing on two aspects of this topic - morning and afternoon meals and leisure activities with an emphasis on physical activity. The main finding is the fact that both children and parents are well informed about good eating habits and the importance of physical activity and they are usually trying to apply them in practice. The result is a negative answer to the question whether the age of the child is directly related, respectively. the influence of parents on children, the quality of eating habits and the intensity of physical activity. KEYWORDS A healthy lifestyle, healthy diet, physical aktivity, younger school age, older school age, nutritional and movement recommendation