The primary aim of this dissertation is to examine the hermeneutical foundation, the biblical basis, the historical principle, and then to formulate a four-bridge application paradigm based on four distinguished processes--exegetical, doctrinal, homiletical, and transformational--aiming at transforming the lives of listeners for the glory of God. Chapter 1 analyzes the indispensability of a well-balanced hermeneutical application paradigm by arguing the relationship between hermeneutics and application, by reexamining application paradigms and bridge-building models, and by refocusing the four bridge paradigm. Chapter 2 examines the sermons of biblical prototypes--Moses, Ezra, the Minor Prophets, and Paul--and their features of application paradigms by means of a paradigmatic analyses rather than an exhaustive one. This chapter thoroughly explores Paul's sermons in his epistles, his preaching in Acts, and his hermeneutical bridge-building paradigm. The essential characteristics of these biblical models lead to a four-bridge life-changing application paradigm. Chapter 3 investigates four exemplary historical models--John Chrysostom, John Calvin, Jonathan Edwards, and John Broadus--and examines their illustrative sermons to identify their indispensable principles of application paradigms and to apply these historical facets for formulating a contemporized application paradigm. Four models provide a historical validation to formulate a legitimate life-changing application paradigm. Chapter 4 proposes a four-bridge application paradigm rooted in hermeneutical, biblical prototypes and historical models. The chapter systemizes (1) an exegetical bridge for discerning the aim of author-intended signification and the criteria for transferring universal principles of application (2) a doctrinal bridge for examining seven master keys to unlock the universal principles of ethical application, (3) a homiletical bridge for identifying a variety of relevance categories, legitimate methodologies of audience exegesis and adaptation, and an appropriate degree of transfer, and (4) a Spirit-led transformational bridge that is legitimate to change the lives of listeners. Chapter 5 concludes that contemporary preachers, as bridge-builders, need to seek a life-transforming application paradigm by utilizing the exegetical bridge, the doctrinal bridge, the homiletical bridge and the Spirit-led transformational bridge.

M.Cur. / Who am I? What am I doing here? What is the purpose of life? What is real? Individuals are intent on trying to find an answer to their questions about life, yet many may find that they remain in a quagmire of confusion and vacillating inner torment. In their own lives many individuals deal with pain, guilt and death, each having their own share of suffering where they may either withdraw into their own world or attempt to take from it whatever bit of happiness and pleasure they can, which often leaves them with a feeling of emptiness, futility and despair. What is it aU for? What is life about? According to what Waltos and Waltos (2002:16) have termed "a conscious revolution", individuals have entered an age of responsibility and empowerment. In both human life and healthcare this translates to individuals being more willing to take charge of their lives as well as responsibility for their overall health. Frankl (1984:15) posits mental health and stability to be dependent upon an individual's ability to perceive meaning. This quest for meaning is one of the greatest challenges facing individuals, families and nations (Wong & Fry, 1998:406). At certain points in life, everyone has questioned what sustains their being and what makes life worth living. With a focus on the family, the researcher to this study noticed that the first crack in many famUy structures developed during pregnancy, birth and parenthood due to an inability of the parents to communicate their differing views and perspectives of their reality. Consequently, this resulted in self-expression becoming compromised and inhibited, resulting in inner confusion and turmoil. Parenthood also brings about personal challenges of coping and making meaning out of life circumstances. This breakdown in relationships impacts on individuals' and families' ability to develop and grow holistically, with consequent negative ripple effects on family dynamics and structure. Such discord and disharmony further cascades out to include community and the work environment.

Background: Migraine is a chronic disaese, often described as a growing publich health problem. One of the suffering groups are adolescents and the prevalence of the migraine is one of the most common reasons why school based health clinics are contacted. The state is related to an extensive, physical and psychological suffering. Objectives: The aim with the presented study was to illuminate the experienced life situation of the adolescent migraineurs. Method: The exploration of articles were done with restriction in databases as Pubmed, CINAHL and psycINFO. The 13 chosen articles were viewed, analyzed and compiled in four different categories with eight sub-categories. Results: The presented outcome reveals that migraine effects the life of adolescents in four different dimensions. The state impacts negatively on the physical and psychological well-being. Furthermore it influences school and leisure of the suffered group. A tendency of isolation and denial is seen as a repeated behaviour in the adolescent migraineurs. Conclusion: Embracement and acceptance ought to be present for the possibility, to create and develop an individual lasting coping strategy. This way of thinking might improve the life situation of the adolescent migraineurs. Keywords: Migraine, adolescents, life changing events, coping strategies, effects. / Bakgrund: Migrän är en kronisk sjukdom och den beskrivs som ett växande folkhälsoproblem. En grupp individer som drabbas är ungdomar och åkomman är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till uppsökt skolvård. Tillståndet är nära bundet till ett omfattande fysiskt och psykiskt lidande. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa den upplevda livssituationen hos ungdomar med migrän. Metod: Artiklar har sökts i databaserna Pubmed, CIHNAL och psycINFO och därefter kvalitetgranskats. 13 utvalda artiklar analyserades och sammanställdes i fyra kategorier med åtta underkategorier. Resultat: Resultatet visar att migrän påverkar livet för ungdomar i fyra olika dimensioner. Åkomman påverkar den fysiska och psykiska hälsan negativt och inverkar på ungdomarnas skola och fritid. En tendens av isolering och förnekelse kunde ses som upprepade beteenden. Slutsats: Bemötande och acceptans bör infinnas hos den migränsjuke för att vidare kunna skapa och utveckla en individuellt hållbar copingstrategi som förbättrar livssituationen. Nyckelord: Migrän, ungdomar, livshändelser, copingstrategier, effekt.

Bakgrund: Tarmsjukdomar är en bakomliggande orsak till att patienter ibland måste genomgå en stomioperation, akut eller elektivt. Stomin anläggs i permanent eller temporärt syfte. En stomioperation innebär en livsomställning för patienten, vilket kan medföra både fysiska och psykiska påfrestningar. Kroppsuppfattning och självkänsla hos en patient som genomgår en stomioperation förändras, men med hjälp och stöd från sjuksköterskan kan patienten återfå kontroll och höja känslan av egenvärde. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur patienter upplever den information de får från och interaktionen de upplever med sjuksköterskan i samband med stomioperation. Metod: Kvalitativ litteraturstudie där 10 kvalitativa artiklar kvalitetsgranskats med hjälp av Forsberg och Wengströms (2013) checklista och analyserats utifrån Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) beskrivning. Resultat: Resultatet delades in i två huvudkategorier och åtta underkategorier. Studien påvisar att patienternas upplevelser av information och interaktion i samband med en stomioperation från sjuksköterkan påverkar deras anpassning till stomin och det dagliga livet. Resultatet visar en bristande kompetens hos sjuksköterskor i att informera och att interagera med patienterna. Slutsats: Patienterna upplevde på varierande sätt brister i information från och interaktion med sjuksköterskor i samband med stomioperation. Bristerna påverkade patienternas anpassning till stomin negativt och de kände sig inte redo att ta hand om egenvården hemma. Kommunikation är, enligt Travelbee, det viktigaste verktyget en sjuksköterska kan använda sig av för att etablera en god relation med en patient. / Background: Intestinal diseases may require patients to have a stoma surgery, acute or elective. The ostomy is either for a permanent or a temporary purpose. A stoma surgery is a life changing event for a patient, which can cause physical and psychological stress. Body image and self-esteem of the patient who are going through a stoma surgery changes and with the help and support from the nurse can help the patient to regain control and raise the sense of intrinsic value. Aim: The aim was to describe how patients perceive the information they received from and the interaction they experience with the nurse in conjunction with a stoma surgery. Method: A qualitative literature study, where 10 qualitative articles were quality reviewed with help from Forsberg and Wengströms (2013) checklist and analyzed using Graneheim and Lundmans (2004) description. Results: The result was divided in to two main categories and eight subcategories. The study indicate that patients' experiences of information and interaction in connection with stoma surgery from nurses affect their adaptation to the stoma and daily life. The results show a lack of competence from nurses to inform and to interact with patients. Conclusion: Patients experienced, in varying ways, deficits in information from and interaction with nurses in regard to a stoma surgery. These deficits affected the patients' adaptation to the ostomy negatively and they did not feel ready to perform the self-care at home. Communication is, according to Travelbee, the most important tool a nurse can use to establish a good relationship with a patient.

Tese (doutorado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental, Instituto de Educação, 2010. / Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-11-28T17:18:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 jara loureno da fontoura.pdf: 2908053 bytes, checksum: b6b2a43a77571d094804ec11ad4cd997 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-28T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jara loureno da fontoura.pdf: 2908053 bytes, checksum: b6b2a43a77571d094804ec11ad4cd997 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / O presente trabalho de tese tem como objetivo relatar e analisar criticamente, sob o enfoque da teoria Ecomunitarista, o Projeto Ecomunitarismo/UCPel, coordenado pela autora desta tese enquanto educadora ambiental da Universidade Católica de Pelotas/RS no período de (1998 a 2005), junto a dois grupos diferenciados, a saber: o dos estudantes do curso de Ecologia UCPel e o do grupo de catadores de papelão e pescadores da Comunidade São Gonçalo, na cidade de Pelotas-RS, BR 392\km 60 às margens do canal de Santa Bárbara, Brasil. Ao unir educação formal e não formal, ocorre um entrelaçamento contextualizado - interdisciplinar e crítico\criativo - das linhas de pesquisa do Doutorado em Educação Ambiental da FURG (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande), a saber: Educação Ambiental e Formação de Educadores (EAEFE) e Educação Ambiental Não Formal (EANF), o que justifica tal tese. Para tanto, este trabalho tem como eixo norteador as normas da ética Ecomunitarista que tratam da liberdade, do consenso e da ecologia, a partir da pergunta que instaura a ética: O que devo/devemos fazer? A tese tem como indagação primeira saber: Até que ponto a proposta teórica Ecomunitarista foi colocada em prática no projeto Ecomunitarismo da UCPel no período de 1998 a 2005? E por hipótese: Foram plenamente satisfatórias, segundo a teoria Ecomunitarista, as respostas socioambientais que o Projeto Ecomunitarismo\ UCPel possibilitou durante os sete anos de atuação, junto à Comunidade São Gonçalo. A metodologia presente, neste trabalho, foi de análise qualitativa, utilizando-se da proposta metodológica do Ecofeminismo, que substitui o postulado da investigação desprovida de valores, da visão de cima, por uma visão a partir dos oprimidos, e o conhecimento espectador contemplativo e omisso, por uma participação ativa nas ações, movimentos e lutas em favor da emancipação da mulher e dos oprimidos, fazendo do processo de investigação um processo de conscientização. / The aim of this present thesis work has as objective to report and analyze critically, from the “Ecomunitarista” theory focus, the “Ecomunitarismo” Project/UCPel-RS (Pelotas Catholic University / Rio Grande do Sul State), coordinated by the author of this thesis while environmental educator of this University in the period of (1998 to 2005), together with two differentiated groups, to know: the one of the students from the Ecology Course UCPel's and the one of the cardboard scavengers and fishermen of the São Gonçalo Community, in the city of Pelotas-RS, BR 392\km 60 on the coast of Santa Bárbara Channel, Brazil. Upon joining formal and non-formal education, there is a contextualized – interdisciplinary and critical/creative of the research lines from the Environmental Education Doctorate Program of FURG (Federal University of Rio Grande), to know: Environmental Education and Teachers Training (EAEFE) and Non-Formal Environmental Education (EANF), what justifies such thesis. Accordingly, this work has as its guideline the “Ecomunitarista” ethics rules which deal with freedom, consensus and ecology, as from the question that places the ethics: what should I/we do? The first investigation of thesis is: To what extent the “Ecomunitarismo” theoretical proposal was put into practice in the “Ecomunitarismo” Project from UCPel in the period from 1998 to 2005? And by hypothesis: According to the “Ecomunitarista” Theory, the social-environmental answers that the “Ecomunitarismo” Project from UCPel enabled during the seven years of performance, with the São Gonçalo Community, were fully satisfactory. The present methodology in this work, was qualitative analysis, using the “Ecofeminismo” methodological proposal, which replaces the principle of the investigation free of values, of the view from the above, by a vision from the oppressed, and the bystander knowledge, contemplative and omitted, by an active participation in the actions, movements and fights in favor of the woman's emancipation and of the marginalized ones, turning the investigation procedure into an awareness process.

Bakgrund: I Sverige insjuknar cirka 220–250 personer av Amyotrofisk Lateralskleros (ALS) per år. Sjukdomen innebär att nervceller som styr skelettmusklerna förtvinar och slutligen dör vilket leder till svåra symtom. Idag finns inget botemedel utan insatserna riktas till symtomlindring och livslängden är cirka två till tre år. Sjuksköterskor som vårdar personer med ALS upplevde svårigheter att balansera både den sjukes och anhörigas vilja/upplevelser samtidigt.   Syfte: Att beskriva upplevelser om hur det är att vara anhörig till personer som lever med Amyotrofisk lateralskleros (ALS). Metod: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie bestående av 14 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats som söktes i databasen Medline via PubMed. Huvudresultat: Känslor som maktlöshet och sorg uppstod hos de anhöriga samt en känsla av att vara fängslad till personen med ALS och hemmet. Anhöriga genomgick en livsomställning och hittade olika hanteringsstrategier för att klara av situationen. Förändrade roller i familjen medförde starkare och svagare familjerelationer samtidigt som kärleken blev mer komplex. Anhöriga fick en negativ bild av vården och lyfte bristen på information, istället verkade stödet från det sociala nätverket vara mer betydelsefullt.  Slutsats: Anhöriga till personer med ALS kände sig maktlösa och sorgsna men dem hittade hanteringsstrategier som underlättade vardagen. Anhöriga sökte stöd inom det sociala nätverket då vården ofta var en besvikelse. Dem lyfte ett behov av bättre informationshantering från vården och önskade att den skulle vara familjecentrerad. Denna litteraturstudie kan komma att bidra till ett ökat perspektiv hos anhöriga, personer med ALS och vården. / Background: 220–250 people get diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) every year in Sweden. The disease entails that the nerve cells controlling skeletal muscles degenerate and die creating severe symptoms. Today, there is no cure, so the resources focus on symptom-management, the average lifespan after diagnosis is two to three years. Nurses caring for people with ALS struggled with balancing the will/experience of the person with ALS and the close relatives concurrently.  Aim: Describe experiences of being a close relative to people living with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Method: Descriptive literature study based on 14 scientific articles with qualitative approach searched on the database Medline via PubMed. Main results: Emotions such as feeling powerless and grief was identified, they felt imprisoned to the person with ALS and their home. Close relatives went through life-changing events and found coping strategies. Changed family roles created stronger and weaker family relationships and love got complex. Close relatives got a negative picture of the health-system and highlighted the lack of information, instead they valued the support from their social networks. Conclusion: Close relatives to people with ALS felt powerless and grief but found coping strategies that eased their situation. Close relatives soughed support within the social network since the health-system disappointed. They highlighted needs for better information management from the health-system and whished for it to be family-focused. This literature study may create wider perspectives among close relatives, people with ALS and the health-system.