Reumatoid artrit är en progressiv inflammatorisk sjukdom som bland annat orsakar smärta och fatigue i kroppen där hela personen och dess liv påverkas. Brist på kunskap om hur det är att leva med reumatoid artrit kan leda till att personer inte får den vård de behöver. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa erfarenheter av att leva med reumatoid artrit. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie. Databassökningar gjordes systematiskt med sökord som var relevanta utifrån syftet. Litteraturstudien baserades på åtta kvalitativa artiklar som kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades, vilka resulterade i två teman, begränsningar och strategier. Erfarenheterna av att leva med reumatoid artrit var att symtomen begränsade personen i det dagliga livet. För att hantera begränsningarna och ta sig vidare i livet krävdes planering och acceptans. Genom att fokusera på det som var bra insåg personerna att de är så mycket mer än sjukdomen. Personcentrerad vård är en av sjuksköterskans kärnkompetenser som fokuserar på att se hela människan utifrån respekt och lyhördhet vilket leder till individualiserad vård där personer känner sig sedda och hörda. / Rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive inflammatory disease that causes pain and fatigue. The whole individual and their life is affected by living with rheumatoid arthritis. Lack of knowledge about living with rheumatoid arthritis can lead to that people don´t get the care they need. The purpose of the literature study was to highlight experiences of living with rheumatoid arthritis. The study was conducted as a literature study. Database searches were made systematically using keywords relevant to the purpose. The literature study was based on eight qualitative articles which were analyzed and graded for quality. The themes of the result were limitations and strategies. The experience of living with rheumatoid arthritis was that the symptoms limited the person and their daily life. To manage the constraints and move on in life, planning and acceptance were required. By focusing on what was good, the people realized that they were so much more than the disease. Person-centered care is one of the nurse's core competencies, focusing on seeing the whole human being based on respect and responsiveness, which leads to individualized care where people feel seen and heard.

Several expression systems for recombinant protein production, essentially cells or whole organisms are currently in use today. Recently, research into recombinant protein production revealed a more attractive expression system based on the microalgae, C. reinhardtii, for significant savings in cost and production of correctly folded recombinant proteins. However, protein yield in the microalgae remain very low, non-predictable and whether this was due to limitations in the system was unclear. Using the expression of E. coli β-glucuronidase (gus) in C. reinhardtii chloroplast, the overall aim of the project was to address if the low recombinant gus yield in C. reinhardtii was due to limitations that affect growth and protein production, and if the fluxes for recombinant gus production were suboptimal (limiting). The finding was used to implement a strategy for a more predictable recombinant protein yield in C. reinhardtii. The research involved a range of experiments, analysis, and Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) modelling. The growth of C. reinhardtii cultures were characterized in autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions to identify factors that limit growth and recombinant gus yields. These factors were availability of light, carbon and nitrogen substrates, pH changes, protein burden and energetic limitation (ATP). The highest biomass was obtained in autotrophic and mixotrophic cultures (>1 g/litre), the lowest biomass was in heterotrophic cultures (~0.4 g/litre). The recombinant gus yields on the basis of dry cell weight were: mixotrophic cultures (0.038%), autotrophic cultures (0.032%), heterotrophic cultures (0.026%). No detectable protein burden was observed for expression of recombinant gus in autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, but protein burden was significant in heterotrophic condition (15 – 18% reduction in growth rate). A strategy that significantly increased growth and cell productivity (>3 fold) in heterotrophic condition was identified. FBA was used to identify suboptimal amino acid steady state fluxes (bottlenecks) that limited the gus yield. Using FBA modelling, model verifications and corrections, a strategy that significantly increased the yield of recombinant gus in each cell (~2 fold) was identified. Put together, the total increase represents a 6 fold increase in recombinant gus yield. Furthermore, this research presented a framework for identifying, analysing and understanding the effect of the uptake of individual amino acid towards recombinant protein yield.

This thesis concerns the question of data migration and specifically data migration into the Oracle Exadata database environment. A characteristic project of data migration has been designed which is then specified in a form of a data migration operating guideline creation. Suggested process is then tested on a real database migration. A part of this work is also a detailed description of the Oracle Exadata technological solution including an evaluation of its benefits and limitations in a practical usage. Information and feedbacks necessary to accomplish these goals were gained by interviewing specialists on different positions throughout the organisation that have a real experience with the system. This work can also serve as a valuable source of information for projects dealing with data migration, mainly data migration in the Oracle Exadata environment. As a matter of fact, potential future users can find this work very helpful when considering a purchase of the Oracle Exadata system package.

In South Africa, nearly 80 % of electricity is generated from coal fired power plants. Due to the complexity of the interconnected systems that make up a typical power plant, analysis of the root causes of load losses is not a straightforward process. This often leads to losses incorrectly being ascribed to the Induced Draught (ID) fan, where detection occurs, while the problem actually originates elsewhere in the plant. The focus of this study was to develop and demonstrate a modelling methodology to quantify the effects of major plant anomalies on the capacity of ID fans in coal fired power plants. The ensuing model calculates the operating point of the ID fan that is a result of anomalies experienced elsewhere in the plant. This model can be applied in conjunction with performance test data as part of a root cause analysis procedure. The model has three main sections that are integrated to determine the ID fan operating point. The first section is a water/steam cycle model that was pre-configured in VirtualPlantTM. The steam plant model was verified via energy balance calculations and validated against original heat balance diagrams. The second is a draught group model developed using FlownexSETM. This onedimensional network is a simplification of the flue gas side of the five main draught group components, from the furnace inlet to the chimney exit, characterising only the aggregate heat transfer and pressure loss in the system. The designated ID fan model is based on the original fan performance curves. The third section is a Boiler Mass and Energy Balance (BMEB) specifically created for this purpose to: (1) translate the VirtualPlant results for the steam cycle into applicable boundary conditions for the Flownex draught group model; and (2) to calculate the fluid properties applicable to the draught group based on the coal characteristics and combustion process. The integrated modelling methodology was applied to a 600 MW class coal fired power plant to investigate the impact of six major anomalies that are typically encountered. These are: changes in coal quality; increased boiler flue gas exit temperatures; air ingress into the boiler; air heater inleakage to the flue gas stream; feed water heaters out-of-service; and condenser backpressure degradation. It was inter alia found that a low calorific value (CV) coal of 14 MJ/kg compared to a typical 17 MJ/kg reduced the fan's capacity by 2.1 %. Also, having both HP FWH out of service decreased the fan's capacity by 16.2 %.

Next generation of wireless communication mostly relies on multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) configuration and full-duplex relaying to improve data-rates, spectrale efficiency, spatial-multiplexing, quality-of-service and energy-efficiency etc. However, multiple radio frequency (RF) transceivers in MIMO system and multi-hops in relay networks, accumulate transceiver impairments, rendering an unacceptable system performance. Majority of the technical contributions either assume ideal hardware or inappropriately model hardware impairments which often induce misleading results especially for high data-rate communication systems. We propose statistical mathematical modeling of various hardware impairment (HWI) to characterize their deteriorating effects on the information signal. In addition, we model the aggregate HWI as improper Gaussian signaling (IGS), to fully characterize their asymmetric properties and the self-interfering signal attribute under I/Q imbalance. The proposed model encourages to adopt asymmetric transmission scheme, as opposed to traditional symmetric signaling. First, we present statistical baseband equivalent mathematical models for general MIMO system and two special scenarios of receive and transmit diversity systems under HWI. Then, we express their achievable rate under PGS and IGS transmit schemes. Moreover, we tune the IGS statistical characteristics to maximize the achievable rate. We also present optimal beam-forming/pre-coding and receive combiner vector for multiple-input single-output (MISO) and single-input multiple output (SIMO) systems, which lead to SDNR maximization. Moreover, we propose an adaptive scheme to switch between maximal IGS (MIGS) and PGS transmission based on the described conditions to reduce computational overhead. Subsequently, two case studies are presented. 1) Outage analysis has been carried out for SIMO, under transceiver distortion noise, for two diversity combining schemes 2) The benefits of employing IGS is investigated in full duplex relaying (FDR) suffering from two types of interference, the residual self-interference (RSI) and I/Q distortions. We further optimize the pseudo-variance to compensate the interference impact and improve end-to-end achievable rate. Finally, we validate the analytic expressions through simulation results, to quantify the performance degradation in the absence of ideal transceivers and the gain reaped from adopting IGS scheme compared with PGS scheme.

This thesis deals with analog bass guitar preamplifiers and related functional blocks such as equalizers and bass effects. The first part contains a theoretical analysis of individual functional blocks preamplifiers and principles as well as an outline of the design and construction principles. In the following section is presented a design of connection that involves a bass guitar preamplifier, including an equalizer, an integrated distortion effect and an amplifier for headphone output. The proposed connections are simulated in the PSpice program and the printed circuit boards design is carried out using the Eagle program. Based on previous results, the construction of a bass guitar preamplifier is realized. The parameters of the individual blocks are measured and compared with the simulations.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund  Långvarig smärta hos barn och ungdomar är vanligt förekommande och flickor är mer drabbade än pojkar. Smärtan påverkar den drabbade i stor utsträckning vilket ofta visar sig i det sociala livet, vid dagliga aktiviteter och under skolgången. Syfte  Syftet med denna studie var att utforska flickor med långvarig smärtas upplevelser och erfarenheter av fysioterapeutisk behandling.  Metod En kvalitativ studie genomfördes med data baserat på semistrukturerade intervjuer. Bekvämlighetsurval användes för att rekrytera informanter. Data analyserades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med abduktiv ansats.   Resultat Under intervjuerna framgick det att den långvariga smärtan bidrog till både fysiska och psykologiska begränsningar. Det som framförallt upplevdes som positivt med den fysioterapeutiska behandlingen var att känna sig delaktig och att kunna påverka utfallet, samtidigt som restriktioner från fysioterapeuten upplevdes begränsande. Behandlingen bidrog bland annat till en positivare inställning, en ökad aktivitetsnivå och ett förbättrat psykiskt välmående. Alla informanter var positivt inställda till att ha träffat en fysioterapeut även om vissa fått begränsade resultat av behandlingen. Det framkom att det var viktigt att fysioterapeuten visade intresse och kommunicerade med ungdomen i första hand.  Slutsats  Flickor som lever med långvarig smärta hade erfarenheter av både fysiska och psykologiska begränsningar. De positiva effekterna av den fysioterapeutiska behandlingen beskrevs som en ökad aktivitetsnivå och delaktighet i det sociala livet. Trots att behandlingen inte alltid givit den effekt som informanten eller dess anhöriga förväntat sig, hade fysioterapeutens bemötande och engagemang gjort ett stort avtryck hos informanten. / Abstract  Background  Chronic pain in children and adolescents is common and girls are more affected than boys. The pain effects the affected person widely which is often showed in the social life, in daily activities and in school. Aim  The aim of this study was to explore experiences of physiotherapeutic treatment among girls with chronic pain. Methods A qualitative study was made, and data were collected through semi structured interviews. Convenience sample was used to recruit informants. Data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis with an abductive approach.   Results Chronic pain in young girls caused both physical and psychological limitations. Positive experiences of the physiotherapeutic treatment included to feel involved in one’s own treatment and to be able to influence the outcome, while getting restrictions from the physiotherapist seemed limiting. The treatment contributed to a more positive attitude, an increased level of physical activity and an improved mental well-being. The informants had a positive attitude towards meeting a physiotherapist, even though some of them had seen limited results of the treatment. It was important that the physiotherapist showed an interest and communicated with the adolescent in the first place.  Conclusion Girls who live with chronic pain had experiences of both physical and psychological limitations. The positive effects of the physiotherapeutic treatment were described as an increased activity level and participation in social life. Even though some of the girls had seen limited results of the treatment, the physiotherapist’s commitment made a great impression on the informants.

Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är en växande folksjukdom som drabbar allt fler individer i världen. Hjärtsvikt är ett tillstånd när hjärtat inte kan pumpa tillräckligt med blod för att tillgodose kroppens behov, vilket påverkar både hälsan och det vardagliga livet. För att sjuksköterskor ska kunna ge god vård till personer med hjärtsvikt krävs det kunskap och förståelse kring upplevelsen av att leva med hjärtsvikt. Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelse av att leva med hjärtsvikt.   Metod: En litteraturöversikt med utgång i forskning med kvalitativ design och induktiv ansats. Resultatartiklar insamlades från databaserna CINAHL, MedLine och PsycInfo som analyserades med hjälp av Fribergs femstegsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet uppkom tre teman och sex underteman. Dessa teman beskriver vilka förändringar hjärtsvikt förde med sig och hur det påverkade vardagen. Slutsatser: I litteraturöversikten framkom det olika aspekter av att leva med hjärtsvikt. Hjärtsvikt skapade begränsningar och emotionella förändringar i livet. Bristen på information från sjukvården försvårade hanteringen av hjärtsvikt. Nivå av KASAM kan påverka förutsättningar till att kunna hantera sjukdomen. För att underlätta omvårdnad och stöttning är det betydelsefullt att sjuksköterskor inneha kunskap och förståelse för upplevelsen av att leva med hjärtsvikt. / Background: Heart failure is a growing public health problem and is affecting many people around the world. Heart failure is a condition when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body’s needs which affect the health and the daily life. For nurses to be able to provide good healthcare, it requires knowledge of experience of people living with heart failure. Aim: To describe people’s experience of living with heart failure. Method: A literature review based on qualitative design and inductive approach. Result articles were collected from the databases CINAHL, MedLine and PsycInfo and analyzed using Friberg’s five-step analysis. Result: The result revealed tree themes and six sub-themes. These themes describe how heart failure changed and affected everyday lives of people living with it. Conclusion: The literature study revealed various aspects of living with heart failure. Heart failure created limitations and emotional changes in life. The lack of knowledge from the healthcare made managing heart failure difficult. The level of SOC can affect the prerequisites of managing the disease. It is important that nurses have knowledge and understanding of the experience of living with heart failure, to facilitate nursing.

OF DISSERTATION IN ENGLISH Doctoral Student: JUDr. Kateřina Juřicová Topic of Dissertation: Limitations on Freedom of Contract in the Civil Law Supervisor of Dissertation: Prof. JUDr. Jan Dvořák, CSc. Doctoral Programme of Study: Theoretical Legal Sciences - Civil Law, Univerzita Karlova, Právnická fakulta, katedra občanského práva Date of Closing of Dissertation: 31.12.2019 The dissertation covers the limitations on freedom of contract in civil law and provides with the summary and following analysis of both general and specific limitations on freedom of contract in civil law. The general limitations consist of mandatory rules and stipulations prohibited by law. As part of the analysis of the general limitations both character and distinction between mandatory and non-mandatory rules are analyzed, as well as the criteria for the provisions to be designated as mandatory such as statutory prohibition, stipulations contrary to good morals, public order or the law concerning the status of persons, including the right to protection of personality rights. Similarly, the list of specific limitations on self-authorship describes legal relationships between landlord and tenant, employer and employee or consumer and entrepreneur, various cases in the community property of spouses or contracts with minors,...

This thesis considers the application of information inequalities, Cramér-Rao type bounds, based on Fisher information, to linear systems. These tools are used to study the trade-offs between learning and performance in two application areas: adaptive control and control systems security. In the first part of the thesis, we study stochastic adaptive control of linear quadratic regulators (LQR). Here, information inequalities are used to derive instance-dependent  regret lower bounds. First, we consider a simplified version of LQR, a memoryless reference tracking model, and show how regret can be linked to a cumulative estimation error. This is then exploited to derive a regret lower bound in terms of the Fisher information generated by the experiment of the optimal policy. It is shown that if the optimal policy has ill-conditioned Fisher information, then so does any low-regret policy. This is combined with a Cramér-Rao bound to give a regret lower bound on the order of magnitude square-root T in the time-horizon  for a class of instances we call uninformative. The lower bound holds for all policies which depend smoothly on the underlying parametrization. Second, we extend these results to the general LQR model, and to arbitrary affine parametrizations of the instance parameters. The notion of uninformativeness is generalized to this situation to give a structure-dependent rank condition for when logarithmic regret is impossible. This is done by reduction of regret to a cumulative Bellman error. Due to the quadratic nature of LQR, this Bellman error turns out to be a quadratic form, which again can be interpreted as an estimation error. Using this, we prove a local minimax regret lower bound, of which the proof relies on relating the minimax regret to a Bayesian estimation problem, and then using Van Trees' inequality. Again, it is shown that an appropriate information quantity of any low regret policy is similar to that of the optimal policy and that any uninformative instance suffers local minimax regret at least on the order of magnitude square-root T. Moreover, it shown that the notion of uninformativeness when specialized to certain well-understood scenarios yields a tight characterization of square-root-regret. In the second part of this thesis, we study control systems security problems from a Fisher information point of view. First, we consider a secure state estimation problem and characterize the maximal impact an adversary can cause by means of least informative distributions -- those which maximize the Cramér-Rao bound. For a linear measurement equation, it is shown that the least informative distribution, subjected to variance and sparsity constraints, can be solved for by a semi-definite program, which becomes mixed-integer in the presence of sparsity constraints. Furthermore, by relying on well-known results on minimax and robust estimation, a game-theoretic interpretation for this characterization of the maximum impact is offered. Last, we consider a Fisher information regularized minimum variance control objective, to study the trade-offs between parameter privacy and control performance. It is noted that this can be motivated for instance by learning-based attacks, in which case one seeks to leak as little information as possible to a system-identification adversary. Supposing that the feedback law is linear, the noise distribution minimizing the trace of Fisher information subject to a state variance penalty is found to be conditionally Gaussian. / <p>QC 20210310</p><p>QC 20210310</p>