Eyewitness identification is being researched for many years prior. However, research on eyewitness identifiaction was mostly conducted with crimes that involved only one perpetrator. For this reason, the present thesis focuses on eyewitness identification for a multiple perpetrator crime. The literature review summarises current knowledge regarding each aspect of recognition and tries to bring insight into the problem of recognition for multiple perpetrator crimes. For the empirical part of this thesis, an experiment was conducted, which aimed to compare simultaneous and sequential line-up identification accuracy. The experiment was changed from live to on-line enviroment due to the pandemic situation. The experiment was conducted on 151 young adult participants. Participants viewed a mock crime video recording involving a perpetrator and his accomplice. Participants were then randomly assigned two simultaneous or sequential line-ups and a target-present or target-absent condition. A week after viewing the video recording, each participant tried to identify the perpetrator and the accomplice in the assigned condition. Results indicated no statistically significant difference between simultaneous and sequential line-up identification. Discussion tries to explain possible influence of changing the...

The following thesis explores the obtaining of evidence during criminal proceedings via a line-up technique which is listed in section 104b, Act No. 141/1961, Criminal Procedure Code. The chosen topic is reviewed in its complexity from several different angles including theoretical aspects and my own personal experience. The thesis concentrates on a line-up of subjects in natura, problems associated with the procedure and offers possible solutions on how to face the given problems. In the first chapter the thesis provides general definition of a line-up and its variations and remaining subchapters to the possibility of its urgency and unrepeatability as well as to the question whether an object must participate. Next it follows the historical development of line-ups, offers views both current and historical on the practice as a method of criminal evidence gathering and explores the fact that it has only recently become part of the Criminal Procedure Code. This is opposed to being considered, as was the case for a long time, as a specific kind of interrogation, a view that can still be found among some theorists up to this day. In the next two chapters, a line-up is compared to other methods of criminal evidence that are part of the Criminal Procedure Code and the thesis also takes a closer look at...

The topic of my thesis is a recognition in criminal proceedings. The thesis deals with recognition in terms of crimilonogy and criminal procedure. The recognition is one of the important evidence, which are often based on evidence in criminal proceedings. At first sight it may seem that a recognition is easy procedure in criminal proceedings, but closer examination reveals its complexity. The aim of the thesis is to introduce the recognition as a special way of proving and its specifics, summarization of the knowledge gained by studying textbooks and monographs, articles in journals and some judicial decisions, as well as outlining the selected questions and poiting out possible problems, especially the obligation of the defendant to attend the recognition. The thesis is divided into eight chapters, which are divided to subchapters. Following the introduction, the first chapter defines the concept of recognition, and then focuses on psychological basics of recognition, historical evolution of recognition as an evidence since 1873 and also its grounding in the Code of Criminal Procedure. Second chapter describes the relationship between recognition and other criminal methods, poiting out some of the common features and also its differences. Third chapter defines different types of recognition - with...

The submitted diploma thesis deals with one of the special methods of the taking of evidence in criminal proceedings known as human recognition or line up. This method is specified in the current legal regulation of section 104b, Act No. 141/1961 Coll., Criminal Procedure Code. Particular attention is paid to the general definition of human recognition "in natura". However, some less common ways of execution of this method are also mentioned, such as blank line up occurring in some foreign jurisdictions (especially in Poland). Further attention is then focused on possible significant defects during the process of recognition with its legal consequences. The whole issue is even more complicated when we take into account that recognition as a criminal method is essentially unrepeatable. The thesis analyses foreign researches carried out in some countries, especially in the United States of America. Attention is then focused also on legal regulation of line-up (parade) in England and Wales, because these countries use one of the most modern methods in the world, such as video parade or CCTV. The question of the obligation to passively pass the recognition is also mentioned. Legislation does not deal with many of important questions and details so it's necessary to build on case law and opinions of criminal law...

Foi observado que para execução do planejamento diário, no qual há o envolvimento de diversas equipes como operação, perfuração e atividade de apoio, despende-se muito tempo para determinação dos alvos de produção. Em contrapartida, a maior parte das minas de grande porte utilizam sistemas de gerenciamento de equipamentos que são capazes de fornecer dados para tratamento e transformação em informação que poderiam auxiliar nesse planejamento, no entanto na maioria dos casos esses dados são pouco conhecidos e utilizados. Este estudo faz a estimativa de indicadores de desempenho de lavra, oriundos do banco de dados do sistema de Despacho, que podem ser utilizados no planejamento diário (tipo Line-Up aplicado na mina do Sossego, em Canaã dos Carajás - Pará). Metodologicamente, para atingir o proposto, foram realizadas as etapas de análise do Banco de Dados (BD) do sistema de Despacho, descrição do Line-Up da mina do Sossego, análise do contexto operacional entre os dois sistemas: Line-Up e Despacho, estimativa dos indicadores e definição de um cálculo de aderência ao Line-Up. Esse estudo demostra que a partir da coleta e sistematização dos dados é possível tornar as informações contidas no BD do Despacho mais conhecidas e utilizadas na programação diária, permitindo que a utilização dessas informações auxilie na gestão do planejamento de curto prazo, reduzindo o tempo de execução da programação diária e tornando o processo de avaliação da aderência ao Line-Up mais rápido e menos subjetivo. Os dados utilizados para esse estudo são do banco de dados do sistema de despacho da Mina do Sossego (local de exemplo de aplicação). / Daily planning execution, which calls for several teams such as operation, drilling and support to be engaged, has been observed to be a rather time-consuming activity in order for production targets to be determined. On the other hand, most of large-size mine sites make use of equipment management systems capable of providing data to be treated and eventually made into information that may assist such planning efforts. However, such data are mostly scarcely known and used. This paper provides the estimation of mine performance indicators stemming from Dispatch system database that may come in handy for daily planning efforts (Line-Up type, applied to Sossego mine site, in Canaã dos Carajás, state of Pará, Brazil). Methodologically speaking, in order for proposed outcomes to be attained, Dispatch system database has been analyzed, Sossego mine site Line-Up has been described, operational context underlying both systems, Line-Up and Dispatch, has been analyzed, indicators have been estimated, and a Line-Up adherence calculation has been defined. The present paper indicates that, based on data gathering and systematization, information from Dispatch database can be made well known and used during daily scheduling efforts, thus allowing for such information to assist short-term plan management, daily scheduling performance timeframe to be cut down on, and Line-Up adherence assessment process to be faster and less subjective. Data used for this paper come from Sossego mine site dispatch system database (example of local application).

Foi observado que para execução do planejamento diário, no qual há o envolvimento de diversas equipes como operação, perfuração e atividade de apoio, despende-se muito tempo para determinação dos alvos de produção. Em contrapartida, a maior parte das minas de grande porte utilizam sistemas de gerenciamento de equipamentos que são capazes de fornecer dados para tratamento e transformação em informação que poderiam auxiliar nesse planejamento, no entanto na maioria dos casos esses dados são pouco conhecidos e utilizados. Este estudo faz a estimativa de indicadores de desempenho de lavra, oriundos do banco de dados do sistema de Despacho, que podem ser utilizados no planejamento diário (tipo Line-Up aplicado na mina do Sossego, em Canaã dos Carajás - Pará). Metodologicamente, para atingir o proposto, foram realizadas as etapas de análise do Banco de Dados (BD) do sistema de Despacho, descrição do Line-Up da mina do Sossego, análise do contexto operacional entre os dois sistemas: Line-Up e Despacho, estimativa dos indicadores e definição de um cálculo de aderência ao Line-Up. Esse estudo demostra que a partir da coleta e sistematização dos dados é possível tornar as informações contidas no BD do Despacho mais conhecidas e utilizadas na programação diária, permitindo que a utilização dessas informações auxilie na gestão do planejamento de curto prazo, reduzindo o tempo de execução da programação diária e tornando o processo de avaliação da aderência ao Line-Up mais rápido e menos subjetivo. Os dados utilizados para esse estudo são do banco de dados do sistema de despacho da Mina do Sossego (local de exemplo de aplicação). / Daily planning execution, which calls for several teams such as operation, drilling and support to be engaged, has been observed to be a rather time-consuming activity in order for production targets to be determined. On the other hand, most of large-size mine sites make use of equipment management systems capable of providing data to be treated and eventually made into information that may assist such planning efforts. However, such data are mostly scarcely known and used. This paper provides the estimation of mine performance indicators stemming from Dispatch system database that may come in handy for daily planning efforts (Line-Up type, applied to Sossego mine site, in Canaã dos Carajás, state of Pará, Brazil). Methodologically speaking, in order for proposed outcomes to be attained, Dispatch system database has been analyzed, Sossego mine site Line-Up has been described, operational context underlying both systems, Line-Up and Dispatch, has been analyzed, indicators have been estimated, and a Line-Up adherence calculation has been defined. The present paper indicates that, based on data gathering and systematization, information from Dispatch database can be made well known and used during daily scheduling efforts, thus allowing for such information to assist short-term plan management, daily scheduling performance timeframe to be cut down on, and Line-Up adherence assessment process to be faster and less subjective. Data used for this paper come from Sossego mine site dispatch system database (example of local application).

本論文計有一冊，約五萬字，並分為六章十八節，其旨在於建立一模式來求得自動販 賣通路之經濟規模。茲將內容提要分示如左： １•第一章 緒論：共分五節，第一節研究動機及目的，第二節研究範圍及對象，第 三節研究方法，第四節研究架構，第五章研究假定及限制。 ２•第二章 學理及文獻探討：共分五節，第一節通路通理，第二節經濟規模理論， 第三節排隊理論，第四節存貨理論，第五章相關實證研究。 ３•第三章 自動販賣業特性及發展概況：共分三節，第一節自動販賣業特性，第二 節國外發展概況，第三節國內發展概況。 ４•第四章 分析模型：共分二節，第一節分析模型之前提，第二節分析模型之建立 。 ５•第五章 實證分析：共分二節，第一節實證結果，第二節實證結果之分析。 ６•第六章 結論與建議。

一、本論文共計壹冊，約五萬字，計分六章，十八節。 二、內容提要： 第一章：緒論 第一節 研究動機與研究目的 第二節 研究範圍及研究程序 第三節 研究架構 第二章：規模經濟理論之探討 第一節 規模經濟文獻之檢討 第二節 規模經濟之來源 第三節 規模不經濟之來源 第四節 規模經濟之測度方法 第三章：產業介紹及問題發掘、研究方向 第一節 產業介紹 第二節 問題發掘 第三節 研究方向 第四章：實際生產成本法理論之介紹 第一節 實際生產成本法之介紹 第二節 排隊理論 第三節 存貨理論 第五章：分析模式的建立與研究限制 第一節 分析模式的建立 第二節 資料之分析 第三節 研究限制 第六章：研究結果及建議 第一節 研究結果 第二節 研究建議

The aim of this study was to examine surfers ́ experiences of surf culture in sweden and all over the world how this compares to the rest of the world. The overall research questions for this study were ”How do the surfers experience the culture in Swedish surfing” and ”How do the surfers experience the Swedish surf culture compared to abroad”? In order to answer these questions in the study, five Swedish surfers were interviewed about their experiences. The data was analyzed and categorized into different themes by drawing on Bourdieu ́s concept of field, capital and habitus. The result of the study shows that the surfers thoughts, feelings and experiences was very much the same for how they look at the surfing culture both in Sweden and abroad. They all highlighted key elements of surfing culture and identeties as related to nature experiences. In conclusion the surfers also had a clear picture about their thoughts about nature experiences, hierarchy and localism.

La présente étude porte sur les effets de la familiarité dans l’identification d’individus en situation de parade vocale. La parade vocale est une technique inspirée d’une procédure paralégale d’identification visuelle d’individus. Elle consiste en la présentation de plusieurs voix avec des aspects acoustiques similaires définis selon des critères reconnus dans la littérature. L’objectif principal de la présente étude était de déterminer si la familiarité d’une voix dans une parade vocale peut donner un haut taux d’identification correcte (> 99 %) de locuteurs. Cette étude est la première à quantifier le critère de familiarité entre l’identificateur et une personne associée à « une voix-cible » selon quatre paramètres liés aux contacts (communications) entre les individus, soit la récence du contact (à quand remonte la dernière rencontre avec l’individu), la durée et la fréquence moyenne du contact et la période pendant laquelle avaient lieu les contacts. Trois différentes parades vocales ont été élaborées, chacune contenant 10 voix d’hommes incluant une voix-cible pouvant être très familière; ce degré de familiarité a été établi selon un questionnaire. Les participants (identificateurs, n = 44) ont été sélectionnés selon leur niveau de familiarité avec la voix-cible. Toutes les voix étaient celles de locuteurs natifs du franco-québécois et toutes avaient des fréquences fondamentales moyennes similaires à la voix-cible (à un semi-ton près). Aussi, chaque parade vocale contenait des énoncés variant en longueur selon un nombre donné de syllabes (1, 4, 10, 18 syll.). Les résultats démontrent qu’en contrôlant le degré de familiarité et avec un énoncé de 4 syllabes ou plus, on obtient un taux d’identification avec une probabilité exacte d’erreur de p < 1 x 10-12. Ces taux d’identification dépassent ceux obtenus actuellement avec des systèmes automatisés. / The present study deals with the effects of familiarity on speaker identification in the context of voice line-ups. The voice line-up is a paralegal technique, inspired by a visual identification procedure. The voice line-up consists in presenting a number of voices sharing similar acoustic parameters as specified in established procedures. The main objective was to determine if the familiarity of a voice could lead to a high rate of correct identification (> 99 %). Our study is the first to quantify the familiarity criterion linking an identifier and a « target voice ». The quantification was based on four parameters bearing on the degree of contact between individuals: recency, frenquency, duration, and the period during which the contact occurred. Three different voice line-ups were elaborated, each containing 10 voices, including one target voice which was well known by the identifier according to a questionnaire that served to quantify familiarity. Participants (identifiers, n = 44) were selected on the basis of their familiarity with the target voice. The speakers used in the voice line-ups were native speakers of Quebec French and all presented voices had similar fundamental frequencies (to within one semitone). In each line-up we used utterances of 4 different lengths (1, 4, 10, and 18 syll.). The results show that by controlling the familiarity criterion, a correct identification rate of a 100 % is obtained with an exact error probability of p < 1 x 10-12.These rates are superior to current automatic systems of voice identification.