Šiuolaikinėje chemoterapijoje plačiai naudojami įvairūs chinonai. Pastaraisiais metais atkreiptas dėmesys į tai, kad chinonai, turintys aziridino grupes savo struktūroje yra labai toksiški piktybinėms ląstelėms. Šių junginių citotoksiškumo mechanizmai nėra pakankamai išanalizuoti. Šio darbo tikslas buvo ištirti skirtingų chinonų, tarp jų ir aziridino grupes turinčių, poveikį GLV – transformuotoms FLK ląstelėms. Tai yra avies embriono inkstų ląstelės, fibroblastų kilmės, transformuotos galvijų leukemijos virusu. Jos pasižymi vėžinėms ląstelėms būdingomis savybėmis: neribota proliferacija ir padidėjusiu prooksidantinių fermentų aktyvumu, kuris sąlygoja didesnį jautrumą chinonams, sukeliantiems oksidacinį stresą ir skatinantiems ląstelės žūtį. Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad chinonai, turintys savo struktūroje aziridino grupes (RH1 ir MeDZQ) yra toksiškesni FLK ląstelėms, negu chinonai, neturintys aziridino grupių (daunorubicinas ir durochinonas). Visų šių chinonų citotoksinį poveikį lemia kombinuotas mechanizmas: oksidacinis stresas, DT-diaforazės ir ksantinoksidazės veikla. Manoma, kad kai kurie aziridinilo grupes turintys chinonai gali būti labai perspektyviais priešvėžiniais vaistais. / Many of recently used chemotherapeutic agents have a quinoidal structure. It is supposed that the main mechanism of antitumour aziridinyl substituted benzoquinones is their two-electron reduction to alkylating products. However, other possible cytotoxicity mechanisms, e.g., oxidative stress, are studied insufficiently. The goal of our investigation was to analyse quinones influence to apoptosis in FLK (foetal lamb kidney fibroblasts) line, which posses increased prooxidant activities. The results show that quinones, which have aziridinyl substituents (RH1 and MeDZQ) are more cytotoxic than quinones without these substituents (daunorubicin and duroquinone). Cytotoxic effect of those quinones to cells is conditioned by combinative mechanism of oxidative stress, DT-diaforase and xantinoxidase action. It is supposed that aziridinyl substituted benzoquinones may be very perspective in antitumour treatment.

Baigiamojo darbo tikslas - nustatyti Baltijos jūros kranto pokyčius, atsiradusius 2005–2009 metais. Tyrimo objektas – penkiolikos kilometrų ilgio Baltijos jūros kranto linijos ruoţas ties Palanga. Tyrimo metodas – empirinis. Kranto linjos pokyčiams nustatyti taikyta 2005 ir 2009 metų ortofotografiniuose ţemėlapiuose M 1: 10 000 išmatuotos koordinatės. Koordinatės išmatuotos kas dvidešimt metrų. Iš viso 751 koordinatė. Atlikta matematinė statistinė išmatuotų kranto linijos pokyčių analizė. Nustatyta, kad 2005–2009 m. kranto linijos padėtis pakito nuo -36 m. iki +27 m. Akumuliacijos arealų plotai apie 15 % didesni uţ eroduojamus plotus. Šiaurinėje tyrinėtos atkarpos pusėje vyrauja eroziniai procesai, o pietinėje – akumuliaciniai. Mokslinis naujumas – nustatyti Baltijos jūros kranto linijos ties Palanga kaitos bendrieji dėsningumai 2005 – 2009 metais. / The objective of the final thesis is to determine changes of the Baltic Sea shore during the period between 2005 and 2009. The research object - 15 kilometers long strip of the Baltic Sea shore beside Palanga. The research method - empirical. Coordinates measured in orthographic maps (scale 1: 10 000) of 2005 and 2009 were applied when determining the changes of the shore strip. The coordinates were measured every 20 meters. There is a 751 coordinate in total. Mathematical statistics analysis of the measured shore strip was performed. It was determined that during the period between 2005 and 2009 the position of the shore strip altered from -36 meters to +27 meters. Cumulative habitat areas are 15% larger than the erodated areas. Erosive processes dominate on the Northern side of the analyzed strip and cumulative processes on the Southern side. The novelty of the research - overall features of the Baltic Sea shore strip alteration beside Palanga during the period of 2005 and 2009 were determined.

The aim of this paper is to add to the genealogical structure of breeding Black and White cattle, to analyse their productivity and other profitable features of farms by methods of genetic statistics. The Results of Survey. The first line of Black and White bulls in Lithuania were Plessas LT 149, Gulbių Riteris LT 277, Olaf LT 276, Hanmaksas LT 1200, Kraft-Stipruolis LT 1201, Garsas LT 200 and etc. In Lithuania a new period of creation and breeding of Black and White genealogical structure started when Black and White cattle from Holland were used en masse in order to improve the cattle breed. The best Black and White bulls from Holland were chosen as initials. Those breeds were: Annas Adema 30587, Wytsturt Annas Adema 36079, Frizo Wouter 33116, Haubois Annas Adema 44162, Diamant 33251, Haskera Governeur 44506, Hiltjes Adema 37910, Rotterda Paul 36498, Jelsumer Rudolf Jan 42884 and Adema 25473. The evaluation of bull’s inheritable features was done with help of features of descendant’s productivity and cattle’s were chosen and bought very purposefully. From 1967 till 1976 the following breeds were created: B. Pieter LJ 305, Sietse LJ 340, Hildoj 363, Katso LJ 483, Vautero LJ 738 and some lines of Klaso LJ 335, Adema LJ 770. Paulio LJ 771, Imperatoriaus LJ 1160, Burto LJ 2085, LangerioLJ 2523 descent. In thirty latter years Black and White cattle’s in Lithuania were being intensively improved by Black and White breed from Holland, Denmark, England and Germany and by Holsteins... [to full text]

Many architects is working with AutoCAD system. But it is very time consuming work when it is needed to do such a work like drawing 3D models of walls with openings. This can be solved because of AutoCAD open architecture. Advantages of this would be less of errors in drawings and more time for other work for architects. Created software is able from 2D draft of lines make 3D walls and, if was chossed, openings. The user describes dimensions of wall and / or opening and the program will change selected line by set of planes with the opening inside. There are a few aviable options for user choise: openings may have a form of triangle or rectangular, walls maybe be like surfaces or lines, it is possible to create a wall with an array of rectangular openings, and delete already created walls leaving primary lines. For software creation was choosen Visual Basic for Aplication programing language because of it is object – oriented and easy comunication with standart AutoCAD’s classes and graphical objects. User‘s dialog’s form was choosen nearly these, what apear in such software like Architectural Desktop because of its logical simplicity. Supposing created software will be developed further in these ways: o Adding more opening’s shapes o Creating library of opening’s o Supporting all standarts needed for professional.

Multiconductor line with non homogeneous dielectric is modeled and analyzed. Model of the multiconductor line is presented. The finite element method and Matlab PDE Tools software were used for analysis and calculation of characteristic impedances. The program for characteristic impedance calculation was developed. Calculation results are presented and analyzed. They confirm that the finite element method and the presented program can be used for calculations of characteristic impedances of multiconductor lines with non homogeneous dielectric.

Šiame darbe nagrinėjama panoraminio vaizdo tyrimo metodikos ir taikymo problematika. Aptariami pagrindiniai algoritmai naudojami ArcGIS programoje. Darbe pateikiama keletas pavyzdžių, kaip panoraminio vaizdo tyrimai taikant GIS programinę įrangą yra pritaikomi praktikoje. Antroje darbo dalyje yra atliekamas tyrimas, kurio tikslas išsiaiškinti, ar racionalu ir reikalinga būtų taikyti panoraminio matomumo tyrimus žemėlapyje, nekilnojamo turto reklama užsiimančiuose interneto puslapiuose. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidžia, kad vietovės vaizdingumas yra svarbus veiksnys renkantis nekilnojamą turtą, o žmonės yra pasiruošę naudotis naujomis žemėlapio funkcijomis suteikiančiomis daugiau galimybių atliekant nekilnojamo turto vertinimą, tačiau panoraminio matomumo įrankio diegti į sistemas nerekomenduojama, dėl darbe aptariamų šios funkcijos trūkumų. Kita vertus autorius siūlo diegti naujas funkcijas, kurios pagerintų nešališką nekilnojamo turto vertinimą. / Work is developing the problem of methodology and applications of viewshed. Author is writing about main algorithms of this GIS function in ArcGIS program. Few practicable applications of viewshed are presented at work also. Item, some problems of these algorithms and applications of viewshed are developing. In second part of work author presents research about applications of viewshed for the internet web sites where is presented commercial of realty. The result consequent upon the research said that visibility is one of the main criterions of realty. Also Purchasers are ready for innovations of geographical information systems. On the other hands realty needs new GIS and mapping applications. In the conclusion of work author says that it is not worth to add the tool if viewshed to GIS systems to web pages of commercial of realty, because this tool have some problems for applications. On the other hand author suggests add some other functions to these maps which will improve neutral evaluation of realty.

Magistrinis darbas skirtas modernizuoti nemetalinių medžiagų gaminių gamybos liniją. Šiai užduočiai buvo pasirinkta antklodžių gamybos linija. Pagrindinis tikslas – suprojektuoti naujus įrengimus, kurie palengvintų žmogaus darbą, suteiktų ergonomiškesnes darbo sąlygas ir padidintų gaminamų gaminių skaičių bei kokybę. Darbe sprendžiami keli pagrindiniai uždaviniai: kaip padidinti linijos našumą; kaip sudaryti darbuotojams geresnes darbo sąlygas ir palengvinti žmogaus atliekamą darbą.Darbe išanalizuota senosios antklodžių gamybos linijos ir įrenginių struktūra, taip pat atlikta analogiškų įrenginių apžvalga, jų galimybės bei kainos. Pasitelkus šiuolaikines technologijas buvo suprojektuoti nauji įrenginiai ir aprašyti jų konstravimo ir veikimo ypatumai. / This final master thesis is intended for modernizing the production line of nonmetal materials. Quilt production line was selected. The main objective of the work – to project new equipment that facilitates human work, ensures more ergonomic working conditions and enhances the number and the quality of produced goods. The main tasks of the work: how to enlarge the productivity of the line and how to create better working environment and facilitate human performing works. In this final thesis we have analyzed the structure of the old equipment for producing quilts. The survey of analogue equipment was performed, and their potential and prices were evaluated and compared. With the help of modern technologies new equipment was constructed and its constructing and working singularities were analyzed.

<p>Radioterapija (RT) je jedan od najvažnijih modaliteta lečenja solidnih malignih tumora i koristi je vi&scaron;e od 50% pacijenata (52,3%) sa malignim tumorima. Nauka koja proučava efekte elektromagnetnog zračenja na biolo&scaron;ke sisteme naziva se radiobiologija. Radiobiologija se fokusira na odgovor ćelija, tkiva i organizma kao celine na jonizujuće zračenje i proučava mehanizme radiobiolo&scaron;kog odgovora. Izlaganje ćelija niskim dozama JZ koje su nakon određenog vremenskog intervala praćene uobičajenim radioterapijskim dozama naziva se radioadaptivno zračenje. Adaptivni odgovor u sebi može da sadrži nekoliko fenomena: hiperradiosenzitaciju/radiorezistenciju, &ldquo;bystander&rdquo; efekat i radioadaptivni efekat u užem smislu. O molekularnim mehanizmima koji stoje iza navedenih efekata ne zna se dovoljno. U ovom radu ispitivan je odgovor malignih i zdravih ćelija na različite modalitete jonizujućeg zračenja u cilju boljeg poznavanja puteva ćelijske smrti i preživljavanja. Potpuno razumevanje molekularnih puteva koji vode u apoptozu ili u preživljavanje ćelija nakon izlaganja jonizujućem zračenju moglo bi koristiti u iznalaženju novih i efikasnijih strategija i modaliteta lečenja malignih tumora u cilju njihove potpune eredikacije. U istraživanju su kori&scaron;tene dve humane ćelijske linije ćelijska linija humanog kolorektalnog karcinoma HT-29 i ćelijska linija humanih fetalnih fibroblasta pluća MRC-5. Ćelije su zračene u dva režima različitim pre-iradijacionim dozama(0,03; 0,05 i 0,07Gy) i istom kurativnom dozom (2Gy) tokom 4 dana. Vi&scaron;ekratna primena niskih doza JZ nije značajno smanjila vijabilnost HT-29 ćelija, dok su dve radioadaptivne doze (0,05+2Gy i 0,07+2Gy), adekvatne doze JZ za radioterapijski postulat po&scaron;tede zdravih ćelija i bolji antitumorski efekat u odnosu na neradioadaptivno zračenje od 2Gy u toku 4 dana. Pokazana je mogućnost modulisanja ćelijskog odgovora na JZ uz pomoć niskih doza JZ koje su praćene dozom od 2Gy (radioadaptivni tip zračenja) u oba dizajnirana režima zračenja. Stepen o&scaron;tećenja hromozoma za većinu isporučenih doza pokazao dozno zavisni trend. Dozno-zavisno o&scaron;tećenje naslednog materijala izazvano radioadaptivnim zračenjem potvrđuje hipotezu da je stepen o&scaron;tećenja zdravih, MRC-5, ćelija manji nego u ćelijama kolorektalnog adenokarcinoma. Fragmentacija DNK je zabeležena za pojedine doze JZ u obe ćelijske linije, a uočena je i razlika u odgovoru zdrave i tumorske ćelijske linije. Detekcijom mutacija primarne sekvence fragmenta p53 gena pokazano je da se broj mutacija povećava sa povećanjem doze JZ. Oba režima radioadaptivnog zračenja, u obe ćelijske linije izazivaju vi&scaron;i nivo ekspresije p53. Ekspresija p38 MAPK proteina u HT-29 ćelijama bila je niža za sve isporučene doze JZ u odnosu na nezračene ćelije. U MRC-5 ćelijama, povi&scaron;ena ekspresija p38 MAPK utvrđena je samo u uzorcima koji su jednokratno primili samo niske doze JZ i dozu od 2Gy dnevno tokom 4 dana, u odnosu na nezračenu kontrolu. Razlike u ekspresiji ispitivanih proteina dobijene nakon primene dva režima radioadaptivnog zračenja posledica su delovanja niskih pre-iradijacionih doza JZ na modulisanje radiobiolo&scaron;kog odgovora obe ćelijske linije. Nivo ekspresije Bcl-2 i Bax proteina i njihov međusobni odnos, u obe ćelijske linije, su odraz različitog radiobiolo&scaron;kog odgovora ispitivanih ćelija koji zavisi od primenjenog režima zračenja.</p> / <p>Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most important treatment modality for solid malignant tumors and it is applied in more than 50% of the patients (52.3%). Radiobiology id scientific discipline which studies the effects of electromagnetic irradiation on biological systems. Radiobiology focuses on the response of the cells, tissues and the organism as a whole to ionizing radiation and studying the mechanisms of radiobiological response. Exposure of cells to low-dose irradiation (priming dose) followed by challenging doses is called radioadaptive radiation. Adaptive response is described as several phenomena: hyperradiosensitivity / radiorezistence, &quot;bystander&quot; effect and radioadaptive effect in sensu strict. Molecular mechanisms underlying the above effects are not sufficiently known. In this study, the response of malignant and healthy cells on various modalities of ionizing radiation is explored in order to improve knowledge of pathways of cell death and survival. Fully understanding the molecular pathways leading to apoptosis or cell survival after exposure to ionizing radiation may be used in finding new and more effective strategies and modalities for the treatment of malignant tumors. The study used two human cell lines: human colorectal cancer HT-29 cell line and the human fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5. The cells were irradiated in two modalities using different pre-irradiation doses (0.03, 0.05 and 0,07Gy) and the same challenging dose (2Gy) for 4 days. Everyday use of low-dose did not significantly reduce the viability of HT-29 cells, while two radioadaptive doses (0.05 + 2Gy and 0.07+2Gy), are adequate doses for sparing healthy cells with better anti-tumor effects. The possibility of modulating the cellular response to the ionizing radiation was shown using low-doses followed by 2Gy (radioadaptive radiation) in both designed regimes of radiation. The level of chromosomal damage showed a dose-dependent trend. Dose-dependent damage to the genetic material caused by radiation confirms the hypothesis that the degree of damage to MRC-5 cells is smaller than the HT29 cells. DNA fragmentation differed between HT29 and MRC-5 cells. Detection of mutations in p53 gene fragment sequence increased with increasing doses. Both irradiation modalities, in both cell lines induce a higher level of p53 expression. Expression of p38 MAPK protein in the HT-29 cells was lower for all delivered doses compared to nonirradiated. In MRC-5 cells, increased expression of the p38 MAPK was found only in the samples that had only received on first day low-doses compared to the control nonirradiated cells. Differences in the expression of the tested proteins reflect different molecular mechanisms activated in normal and tumor cells. The level of Bcl.2 and Bax expression also reflected different radiobiological responses between normal and tumor cells, which depended on the applied irradiation regime.</p>

Magistro baigiamajame darbe tiriamos nevienalyčių plačiajuosčių periodinių sistemų užtvarinės savybės. Aptariamos periodinės sistemos ir jų charakteristikų skaičiavimo metodai. Nevienalyčių periodinių savybių tyrimui panaudoti du modeliai. Pradžioje nagrinėjamos periodinės ilgosios linijos savybės, vėliau taikomas spiralinės sistemos modelis. Modelių analizė atliekama klasikiniu, matriciniu ir daugialaidžių linijų metodais. Taikomas kompiuterinis modeliavimas. Sudarytos įėjimo varžos, perdavimo ir lėtinimo koeficientų, vėlinimo laikų bei pereinamosios charakteristikos skaičiavimo programos. Parodyta, kad linijos su periodiniais netolygumais įgyja užtvarinio filtro savybes, kurios ryškėja, didėjant sistemos nevienalytiškumui. / In order to reveal general properties of the structures, containing periodical inhomogeneities, the inhomogeneous electromagnetic line and the inhomogeneous helical retard structure are considered. The overview of periodical systems and methods of their analysis are presented. The structures, containing periodical inhomogeneities, are analyzed using classical, matrix and multiconductor line methods. The programs for calculation of line input impedance, transfer coefficient, delay coefficient and width of the stop-band are developed. The results show that the stop–band appears due to periodical inhomogeneities and the width of the stop-band and the attenuation in it depend on intensities of periodical inhomogeneities.

<p>Izmereni su Stark-ovi pomeraji maksimuma 8 spektralnih linija neutralnog helijuma u gustoj niskotemperaturnoj plazmi impulsnog luka. Osobine izvora plazme, sem postizanja visoke elektronske koncentracije, obezbeđuju relativno jednostavan način određivanja Stark-ovog pomeraja. Izvr&scaron;ena je dijagnostika plazme, pri čemu je određena elektronska koncentracija u intervalu od (6.2 &minus; 70) &middot; 10²² m^&minus;3 i elektronska temperatura u intervalu (16400 &minus; 21400) K. Eksperimenatlne vrednosti Stark-ovih pomeraja upoređene su sa do sada objavljenim eksperimentalnim rezultatima kao i sa rezultatima teorijskih pristupa. Proveren je uticaj Debye-evog ekraniranja na pomeraj ovih linija. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na popravku Stark-ovog pomeraja uračunavanjem<br />uticaja Debye-evog ekraniranja, kao i potrebu korigovanja semiklasičnih teorijskih vrednosti elektronske sudarne polu-polu&scaron;irine i pomeraja.</p> / <p>The results of an experimental study of the Stark shifts AB of 8 neutral helium lines are presented. The plasma sour-ce was a linear pulsed arc with plasma electron&nbsp; density in the range (6.2 &minus; 70) &middot; 10 ²² m^&minus;3 and plasma temperature in the range (16400 &minus; 21400) K. Details of the experimental setup that enables a relatively quick&nbsp; Stark shift determination technique is presented. The results of these measurements are presented together with the corresponding plasma parameters and compared to other experimental and theoretical data. The influence of Debye shielding is carefully examined from the semiclassical point of view. The comparison of experimental&nbsp; results obtained in this work with the semiclassical results suggests that Debye shielding has an important role on higher electron densities. Also, based on all the available experimental data, appropriate correction factors are suggested for the semiclassical Stark shift calculations for the examined lines.</p>