Introdução: As fissuras bilaterais de lábio e palato sempre apresentaram divergências a respeito de seu tratamento cirúrgico. Nesta pesquisa duas técnicas cirúrgicas para correção de fissuras de lábio bilaterais, a Clássica de Spina (grupo S) e a de Spina modificada pelo Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP) (grupo TD) foram comparadas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: determinar os resultados estéticos, as complicações pós-operatórias imediatas e mediatas, a satisfação pessoal da aparência e do tratamento recebido, bem como a qualidade de vida em indivíduos com fissuras transforame bilateral, operados no HRAC-USP pelas técnicas de Spina e Spina modificada pelo HRAC-USP. Método: Após aprovação do comitê de ética e pesquisa e obtenção do consentimento informado, foram avaliados setenta e seis indivíduos, 48 do sexo masculino e 28 do sexo feminino. O grupo S apresentou-se com 44 indivíduos e o grupo TD com 32. Julgadores fizeram análises subjetivas em fotografias de sete atributos em cada indivíduo, utilisando-se de uma escala numérica de 1 a 5. Da análise de prontuários foram obtidas as complicações pós operatórias imediatas e mediatas, além do número de internações cirúrgicas e do número de retornos ambulatoriais. Os próprios indivíduos responderam a duas escalas visuais analógicas (EVA), uma de satisfação da sua aparência e outra do tratamento recebido no HRAC-USP e também a um questionário de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-bref). Resultados: As duas técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas não mostraram diferença estatística nas análises fotográficas subjetivas. As complicações cirúrgicas imediatas e mediatas foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Houve diferença estatística significante quanto ao número de cirurgias (p=0,0000), o grupo S apresentou 8,06 (2,18) e o grupo TD apresentou 4,72 (1,45) internações cirúrgicas, os atendimentos ambulatoriais não apresentaram diferenças apresentando para o grupo S 27,49 (17,58) e 22,31 (15,38) vindas ao hospital. As escalas visuais analógicas (EVA) de satisfação da aparência apresentaram para o grupo S 53,80 (14,46) e TD 57,54 (14,41) e do tratamento recebido no HRAC-USP para S 68,14 (11,16) e TD 63,18 (11,39). O WHOQOL-bref também não mostrou diferença entre os grupos em nenhum dos seus domínios. Conclusão: As queiloplastias realizadas pelas técnicas de Spina e de Spina modificada pelo HRAC-USP, não mostraram diferença estatística nos resultados das avaliações fotográficas, das complicações pós operatórias imediatas e mediatas, do número de atendimentos ambulatoriais, das escalas visuais analógicas de satisfação da aparência e do atendimento recebido no HRAC-USP, e do questionário de qualidade de vida. Os indivíudos operados pela técnica de Spina modificada pelo HRAC-USP apresentaram menos internações cirúrgicas que indivíduos os operados pela técnica clássica de Spina, com resultados estatísticos significativos. / Background: The bilateral cleft lip palate ever had a divergence of its treatment. In this research two techniques to correction bilateral cleft lip, Spina classic technique (S group) and Spina modified by HRAC-USP (TD group). Aims: Determine the esthetical results, immediate and mediate postoperative complications, the number of surgeries and ambulatory attendance, the personal satisfaction with its appearance and received attendance, and the quality of life in subjects with bilateral clef lip palate, operated in the HRAC-USP by Spina and Spina modified by HRACUSP techniques of cheiloplasty. Method: After approve of the ethical committee and attainment of assent, was evaluated 74 subjects, 46 male and 28 female. The S group had 42 and the TD group with 32 subjects. Judges made facial analysis in photographs of seven attributes in each subject, using an analogical scale of 1 to 5. From the bedside assessment the immediate and mediate complications was taken. The number of surgical procedures and ambulatorial coming was tabulated. The own subjects answer two visual analogical scale (EVA) of satisfaction of appearance and the treatment received at HRAC-USP and an OMS quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-bref). Results: The two techniques utilized did not show statistic difference in the subjective facial analyses. The immediate and mediate complications were similar between the groups. There were significant difference in the number of surgical procedures (p=0000), S group had 8,06 (± 2,18) and TD group 4,72 (± 1,45) surgical internment. The ambulatory coming did not show differences, the S group had 27,49 (± 17,58) and TD 22,31 (± 15,38) coming to to the Hospital. The visual analogical scales (EVA) of satisfaction whit the appearance shows for S group 53,80 (± 14,46) e TD 57,54 (± 14,41) and the do treatment received at HRAC-USP for S group 68,14 (± 11,16) e TD 63,18 (± 11,39). The WHOQOL-bref did not show differences between the groups in none of their dominion. Discussion: All elements of this work were interpreted and analysis was performed whit literature correlation. Conclusion: The cheiloplasty whit the technique of Spina and Spina modified by HRAC-USP, did not show statistical difference in the results of photographs evaluation, immediate e mediate complications, the number of coming to the hospital, the visual analogical scale of satisfaction whit the appearance and the treatment received at HRAC-USP and the questionnaire of quality of life. The subjects submitted to the Spina technique modified by HRAC-USP shows less surgical procedures that those submitted to the classical Spina technique whit statistical significance difference.

Radial lip seals are used to prevent leakage between machine elements in many industrial applications. During operation, fluid film between seal lip and shaft surface generates a pressure distribution on the lip which is elastically deformed due to hydrodynamic pressure. Surface roughness parameters in terms of moments of height profile distribution (rms roughness, skewness and kurtosis) affect the rate of oil leakage. A computer program is developed for elastohydrodynamic analysis of radial lip seals. Both the fluid mechanics of the lubricating film and the elastic deformation of the lip are taken into consideration to determine the hydrodynamic pressure distribution and the oil flow through the seal lip. The effect of shaft surface roughness on hydrodynamic analysis is taken into account by using average Reynolds equation with flow factors. For non-Gaussian surfaces, the modified flow factors are used to investigate the effects of skewness and kurtosis on the oil leakage. Numerical tests are performed for different skewness, kurtosis and initial seal tightness values. Results show that when a seal is mounted with a high initial tightness, the hydrodynamic pressure developed is not enough to deform the lip to form a fluid film between the shaft and the seal lip. It is observed that for the same rms roughness and skewness, the side flow rate increases as the kurtosis value increases. However, for the same rms roughness and kurtosis values, the side flow rate decreases for all skewness values.

In this thesis, 3D animation of human facial expressions and lip motion and their synchronization with a Turkish Speech engine using JAVA programming language, JAVA3D API and Java Speech API, is analyzed. A three-dimensional animation model for simulating Turkish lip motion and facial expressions is developed. In addition to lip motion, synchronization with a Turkish speech engine is achieved. The output of the study is facial expressions and Turkish lip motion synchronized with Turkish speech, where the input is Turkish text in Java Speech Markup Language (JSML) format, also indicating expressions. Unlike many other languages, in Turkish, words are easily broken up into syllables. This property of Turkish Language lets us use a simple method to map letters to Turkish visual phonemes. In this method, totally 37 face models are used to represent the Turkish visual phonemes and these letters are mapped to 3D facial models considering the syllable structures. The animation is created using JAVA3D API. 3D facial models corresponding to different lip positions of the same person are morphed to each other to construct the animation. Moreover, simulations of human facial expressions of emotions are created within the animation. Expression weight parameter, which states the weight of the given expression, is introduced. The synchronization of lip motion with Turkish speech is achieved via CloudGarden&reg / &rsquo / s Java Speech API interface. As a final point a virtual Turkish speaker with facial expression of emotions is created for JAVA3D animation.

Introdução: As fissuras bilaterais de lábio e palato sempre apresentaram divergências a respeito de seu tratamento cirúrgico. Nesta pesquisa duas técnicas cirúrgicas para correção de fissuras de lábio bilaterais, a Clássica de Spina (grupo S) e a de Spina modificada pelo Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP) (grupo TD) foram comparadas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: determinar os resultados estéticos, as complicações pós-operatórias imediatas e mediatas, a satisfação pessoal da aparência e do tratamento recebido, bem como a qualidade de vida em indivíduos com fissuras transforame bilateral, operados no HRAC-USP pelas técnicas de Spina e Spina modificada pelo HRAC-USP. Método: Após aprovação do comitê de ética e pesquisa e obtenção do consentimento informado, foram avaliados setenta e seis indivíduos, 48 do sexo masculino e 28 do sexo feminino. O grupo S apresentou-se com 44 indivíduos e o grupo TD com 32. Julgadores fizeram análises subjetivas em fotografias de sete atributos em cada indivíduo, utilisando-se de uma escala numérica de 1 a 5. Da análise de prontuários foram obtidas as complicações pós operatórias imediatas e mediatas, além do número de internações cirúrgicas e do número de retornos ambulatoriais. Os próprios indivíduos responderam a duas escalas visuais analógicas (EVA), uma de satisfação da sua aparência e outra do tratamento recebido no HRAC-USP e também a um questionário de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-bref). Resultados: As duas técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas não mostraram diferença estatística nas análises fotográficas subjetivas. As complicações cirúrgicas imediatas e mediatas foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Houve diferença estatística significante quanto ao número de cirurgias (p=0,0000), o grupo S apresentou 8,06 (2,18) e o grupo TD apresentou 4,72 (1,45) internações cirúrgicas, os atendimentos ambulatoriais não apresentaram diferenças apresentando para o grupo S 27,49 (17,58) e 22,31 (15,38) vindas ao hospital. As escalas visuais analógicas (EVA) de satisfação da aparência apresentaram para o grupo S 53,80 (14,46) e TD 57,54 (14,41) e do tratamento recebido no HRAC-USP para S 68,14 (11,16) e TD 63,18 (11,39). O WHOQOL-bref também não mostrou diferença entre os grupos em nenhum dos seus domínios. Conclusão: As queiloplastias realizadas pelas técnicas de Spina e de Spina modificada pelo HRAC-USP, não mostraram diferença estatística nos resultados das avaliações fotográficas, das complicações pós operatórias imediatas e mediatas, do número de atendimentos ambulatoriais, das escalas visuais analógicas de satisfação da aparência e do atendimento recebido no HRAC-USP, e do questionário de qualidade de vida. Os indivíudos operados pela técnica de Spina modificada pelo HRAC-USP apresentaram menos internações cirúrgicas que indivíduos os operados pela técnica clássica de Spina, com resultados estatísticos significativos. / Background: The bilateral cleft lip palate ever had a divergence of its treatment. In this research two techniques to correction bilateral cleft lip, Spina classic technique (S group) and Spina modified by HRAC-USP (TD group). Aims: Determine the esthetical results, immediate and mediate postoperative complications, the number of surgeries and ambulatory attendance, the personal satisfaction with its appearance and received attendance, and the quality of life in subjects with bilateral clef lip palate, operated in the HRAC-USP by Spina and Spina modified by HRACUSP techniques of cheiloplasty. Method: After approve of the ethical committee and attainment of assent, was evaluated 74 subjects, 46 male and 28 female. The S group had 42 and the TD group with 32 subjects. Judges made facial analysis in photographs of seven attributes in each subject, using an analogical scale of 1 to 5. From the bedside assessment the immediate and mediate complications was taken. The number of surgical procedures and ambulatorial coming was tabulated. The own subjects answer two visual analogical scale (EVA) of satisfaction of appearance and the treatment received at HRAC-USP and an OMS quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-bref). Results: The two techniques utilized did not show statistic difference in the subjective facial analyses. The immediate and mediate complications were similar between the groups. There were significant difference in the number of surgical procedures (p=0000), S group had 8,06 (± 2,18) and TD group 4,72 (± 1,45) surgical internment. The ambulatory coming did not show differences, the S group had 27,49 (± 17,58) and TD 22,31 (± 15,38) coming to to the Hospital. The visual analogical scales (EVA) of satisfaction whit the appearance shows for S group 53,80 (± 14,46) e TD 57,54 (± 14,41) and the do treatment received at HRAC-USP for S group 68,14 (± 11,16) e TD 63,18 (± 11,39). The WHOQOL-bref did not show differences between the groups in none of their dominion. Discussion: All elements of this work were interpreted and analysis was performed whit literature correlation. Conclusion: The cheiloplasty whit the technique of Spina and Spina modified by HRAC-USP, did not show statistical difference in the results of photographs evaluation, immediate e mediate complications, the number of coming to the hospital, the visual analogical scale of satisfaction whit the appearance and the treatment received at HRAC-USP and the questionnaire of quality of life. The subjects submitted to the Spina technique modified by HRAC-USP shows less surgical procedures that those submitted to the classical Spina technique whit statistical significance difference.

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de verificar os efeitos das cirurgias primárias sobre os arcos dentários de crianças com fissura completa de lábio e palato unilateral submetidas a dois diferentes protocolos cirúrgicos, Spina + Von Langenbeck (Grupo 1) e Millard + Von Langenbeck (Grupo 2), considerando também a presença ou ausência de bandeleta de Simonart. Para a avaliação da relação interarcos foi utilizado o Índice de Atack em uma amostra de 145 modelos de gesso obtidos aos 5 a 6 anos de idade. Nos resultados relativos aos protocolos cirúrgicos a comparação dos escores agrupados demonstrou maior ocorrência de índices 4 e 5 (42%) para ambos os grupos, com índices oclusais médios de 3,22 para o Grupo 1 e 3,12 para o Grupo 2. Houve maior prevalência de índices 4 e 5 tanto para os pacientes com bandeleta (53%) como sem bandeleta (39%), que apresentaram índices oclusais médios de 3,41 e 3,11, respectivamente. A avaliação individual do protocolo cirúrgico Spina + Von Langenbeck, considerando a presença de bandeleta, demonstrou maior porcentagem de índice 3, para os pacientes com bandeleta (42%) e índices 4 e 5 para os sem bandeleta (44%), com índices oclusais médios de 3,0 e 3,27, respectivamente. Para o protocolo de Millard + Von Langenbeck, o grupo com bandeleta apresentou acentuada maioria de índices 4 e 5 (76%) enquanto que no grupo sem bandeleta prevaleceu índices 1 e 2 (50%), com índices oclusais médios de 3,88 e 2,71, respectivamente, com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre eles (p=0,001). Na amostra estudada a avaliação dos protocolos cirúrgicos e da presença de bandeleta, de acordo com os valores dos índices oclusais, demonstrou que a maioria dos casos apresentou uma pobre relação entre os arcos, com prognóstico de tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico. / This study analyzed the effects of primary surgeries on the dental arches of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate submitted to two different surgical protocols, Spina + Von Langenbeck (Group 1) and Millard + Von Langenbeck (Group 2), also considering the presence or absence of a Simonarts band. The interarch relationship was assessed by the Atack index on a sample of 145 dental casts obtained at 5 to 6 years of age. In results related to the surgical protocols, the comparison of grouped scores revealed higher occurrence of scores 4 and 5 (42%) for both groups, with mean occlusal scores of 3.22 for Group 1 and 3.12 for Group 2. There was higher prevalence of scores 4 and 5 both for patients with band (53%) and without band (39%), who presented mean occlusal scores of 3.41 and 3.11, respectively. Individual analysis of the surgical protocol Spina + Von Langenbeck, considering the presence of a Simonarts band, demonstrated higher percentage of score 3 for patients with band (42%) and scores 4 and 5 for patients without band (44%), with mean occlusal scores of 3.0 and 3.27, respectively. Concerning the protocol Millard + Von Langenbeck, the group with band exhibited great majority of scores 4 and 5 (76%), while the group without band had predominance of scores 1 and 2 (50%), with mean occlusal scores of 3.88 and 2.71, respectively, with statistically significant difference between them (p=0.001). In the present study sample, evaluation of the surgical protocols and presence of a Simonarts band according to the values of occlusal scores demonstrated that most cases presented poor interarch relationship, thereby with prognosis for orthodontic-surgical treatment.

The term “deepfakes” refers to media content that has been manipulated using deep learning. This thesis project seeks to answer the question of how well humans are able to detect deepfakes. In particular, the project compares people’s ability to detect deepfakes between two different deepfake categories; face swap and lip sync. In order to achieve this, a perceptual user test was performed, in which 30 participants were given a number of lip sync, face swap and unaltered videos and were asked to classify which of them were unaltered and which of them were manipulated using deepfake technology. These results serve to fill in the gap in knowledge regarding perceptual user tests on deepfakes, for which only a small amount of research has been made. The results also serve to shed light on which types of deepfakes pose the biggest threat regarding the problem of malicious impersonation. The main conclusion from this study was that lip sync is likely harder for humans to detect than face swap. The percentage of correct classifications of lip sync videos was 52.7%, and the percentage of correct classifications of face swap videos was 91.3%. / Deepfakes är videor som har blivit manipulerade med hjälp av deep learning. Detta examensarbete utforskar huvudsakligen två olika kategorier av deepfakes, dessa två är: face swap och lip sync. Syftet med projektet är att svara på frågan: Hur bra är människor på att se om en video innehåller deepfakes eller inte? Dessutom ställs frågan: Vilken typ av deepfake mellan face swap och lip sync är svårare för människor att märka av? För att svara på dessa frågor genomfördes en användarsudie där 30 deltagare fick titta på ett antal lip sync, face swap och icke-manipulerade videor, och fick sedan försöka avgöra vilka av dom som var manipulerade och vilka som inte var manipulerade. Resultaten från den här studien hjälper till att fylla kunskapsklyftan som finns angående människors förmåga att upptäcka deepfakes, där bara en väldigt begränsad mängd studier finns. Resulaten kan också användas för att peka ut på vilka typer av deepfakes som utgör större hot angående lurendrejeri. Slutsatsen från studien var att lip sync är troligtvis svårare för människor att märka av än face swap, eller åtminstone för datasetet FakeAVCeleb. Andelen korrekta gissningar för lip sync videorna i studien var 52.7%, medan andelen korrekta gissningar för face swap var 91.3%.

?rea de concentra??o: Ci?ncias farmac?uticas. / Data de aprova??o ausente. / Disponibiliza??o do conte?do parcial, conforme Termo de Autoriza??o no trabalho. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-12-20T19:20:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) sara_pacelli_sousa_marcial_parcial.pdf: 166236 bytes, checksum: c01c4f087337cd82c64b06b90a1cc4dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-17T18:55:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) sara_pacelli_sousa_marcial_parcial.pdf: 166236 bytes, checksum: c01c4f087337cd82c64b06b90a1cc4dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T18:55:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) sara_pacelli_sousa_marcial_parcial.pdf: 166236 bytes, checksum: c01c4f087337cd82c64b06b90a1cc4dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / O paclitaxel (PTX) ? um agente quimioter?pico que tem uma importante fun??o no tratamento de v?rios tipos de c?ncer, especialmente o c?ncer de mama. No entanto, a baixa solubilidade do PTX em meio aquoso (coeficiente de parti??o log = 3,96) representa uma limita??o para a administra??o intravenosa. A formula??o convencional do PTX cont?m uma alta concentra??o de Cremofor-EL? (derivado polietoxilado do ?leo de r?cino), o qual induz significante toxicidade, restringindo sua utiliza??o cl?nica. A encapsula??o do PTX em sistema de libera??o de f?rmacos pode melhorar a absor??o e aumentar a sua efic?cia terap?utica. Neste estudo, tr?s diferentes nanossistemas lip?dicos contendo PTX, nanopart?culas lip?dicas s?lidas (NLS), nanoemuls?o (NE) e carreadores lip?dicos nanoestruturados (CLN) foram preparados e as propriedades f?sico-qu?micas e a atividade citotoxicidade in vitro foram avaliadas. Em rela??o ao di?metro m?dio, o CLN branco mostrou valor de di?metro aproximadamente 2 e 1,7 vezes menor que os obtidos para NLS e NE, respectivamente. A presen?a de PTX levou a um aumento significativo no di?metro das part?culas em todos os sistemas avaliados, exceto no NE. Al?m disso, o aumento da concentra??o do f?rmaco (0,01% para 0,025%) produziu um aumento do di?metro para a prepara??o de CLN. Todas as formula??es com PTX mostraram ?ndice de polidispers?o superior a 0,3, exceto para NE-PTX na concentra??o do f?rmaco igual a 0,01% (p/v). Valores negativos de potencial zeta foram observados para todas as formula??es avaliadas. CLN-PTX foi o sistema mais est?vel ap?s armazenado por 30 dias a 4 ?C. O estudo de citotoxicidade nas linhagens celulares de c?ncer de mama (MDA-MB-231 e MCF-7) demonstrou atividade citot?xica mais pronunciada para CLN-PTX do que para o PTX livre em ambos as linhagens celulares do tumor. Baseado nesses resultados, CLN-PTX parece ser uma ferramenta potencial para o tratamento do c?ncer de mama. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, [2016]. / Paclitaxel (PTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that plays an important role in the treatment of several types of human cancer, especially breast cancer. However, the low solubility of PTX in aqueous medium (partition coefficient log of 3.96) represents a barrier for intravenous administration. The conventional PTX formulation contains a high concentration of Cremophor-EL? (polyethoxylated castor oil), which is associated with significant toxicities restricting its clinical use. The encapsulation of the PTX in drug delivery systems could improve the uptake and increase its therapeutic efficacy. In this study, three different lipid nanosystems containing PTX, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN), nanoemulsion (NE), and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) were prepared, and the physicochemical properties and in vitro cytotoxic activity were evaluated. Concerning the mean diameter, NLC blank showed diameter values approximately 2 and 1.7-fold lower than those obtained for SLN and NE, respectively. The presence of PTX leads to a significant increase in the particle diameter in all systems evaluated, except NE. In addition, increases in drug concentration (0.01% to 0.025%) produced an enhanced diameter for NLC preparation. All formulations containing PTX showed PI higher than 0.3, except for NE-PTX at drug concentration equal to 0.01% (w/v). Negative zeta potential values were observed in all formulations evaluated. NLC-PTX was the system more stable after storage for 30 days at 4 oC. The cytotoxicity studies on breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) demonstrated cytotoxic activity more pronounced for NCL-PTX than for free PTX for both tumor cell lines. Thus, the results showed that NCL-PTX seems to be a potential tool for the treatment of breast cancer.

Background. The treatment of patients born with cleft lip and palate has been gradually modified over the years as the surgical procedures have developed and improved. Multidisciplinary team care has evolved and provided improved care with enhanced results. Clefts in the alveolus can be reconstructed by alveolar bone grafting or by periosteoplasty. The main goal is to repair and close the alveolar cleft and create a continuous alveolar processes so that the teeth can erupt. Aims. This thesis has several aims: to investigate the impact of dental status and initial cleft width on the outcome of Secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) in patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) at the 10-year follow-up (Studies I and II); to compare the outcomes of primary periosteoplasty (PPP) with those of SABG in patients born with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (CLA) (Study III); to evaluate clinical and radiographic conditions and identify factors important for the final treatment outcomes after SABG ( Study IV); to evaluate two radiographic methods, i.e. occlusal radiographs and cone beam tomography (CBCT)) for assessing alveolar bone height ( study IV). Results. In UCLP patients, SABG achieved excellent results in terms of bone height; tended to reduce with time, correlated with dental status and dental restoration factors. Occlusal radiographs correspond well with the CBCT, for evaluating alveolar bone height in cleft area. The width of the initial cleft does not seem to affect the success of SABG. Finally, patients with CLA treated with PPP at the time of lip repair have inferior bone formation outcomes in the cleft area compared with patients treated with SABG at the time of mixed dentition. Conclusion.  Poor dental status and malpositioning negatively affect the long-term survival of bone in the alveolar cleft. The initial cleft width affects certain dental status factors. In adults with UCLP, the alveolar bone height in the cleft was correlated to the presence of gingival inflammation and restorations at 20 years follow-up. Specially designed maintenance therapy is beneficial, after complex dental restorations in the cleft area. SABG is preferred to PPP for the reconstruction of alveolar clefts.

Grâce aux informations spatiales et spectrales qu'elle apporte, l'imagerie multispectrale de la peau est devenue un outil incontournable de la dermatologie. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'évaluer l’intérêt de cet outil pour la cosmétologie à travers trois études : la détection d'un fond de teint, l'évaluation de l'âge et la mesure de la rugosité.Une base d'images multispectrales de peau est construite à l'aide d'un système à multiples filtres optiques. Une phase de prétraitement est nécessaire à la standardisation et à la mise en valeur de la texture des images.Les matrices de covariance des acquisitions peuvent être représentées dans un espace multidimensionnel, ce qui constitue une nouvelle approche de visualisation de données multivariées. De même, une nouvelle alternative de réduction de la dimensionnalité basée sur l'ACP est proposée dans cette thèse. L'analyse approfondie de la texture des images multispectrales est réalisée : les paramètres de texture issus de la morphologie mathématique et plus généralement de l'analyse d'images sont adaptés aux images multivariées. Dans cette adaptation, plusieurs distances spectrales sont expérimentées, dont une distance intégrant le modèle LIP et la métrique d'Asplünd.Les résultats des prédictions statistiques générées à partir des données de texture permettent de conclure quant à la pertinence du traitement des données et de l'utilisation de l'imagerie multispectrale pour les trois études considérées. / Thanks to its precision in spatial and spectral domain, multispectral imaging has become an essential tool in dermatology. This thesis focuses on the interest of this technology for cosmetological parameters assessment through three different studies: the detection of a foundation make-up, age assessment and roughness measurement.A database of multispectral skin images is build using a multiple optical filters system. A preprocessing step allows to standardize those texture images before their exploitation.Covariance matrices of mutispectral acquisitions can be displayed in a multidimensional scaling space which is a novel way to represent multivariate data sets. Likewise, a new dimensionality reduction algorithm based on PCA is proposed in this thesis.A complete study of the images texture is performed: texture features from mathematical morphology and more generally from image analysis are expanded to the case of multivariate images. In this process, several spectral distances are tested, among which a new distance associating the LIP model to the Asplund metric.Statistical predictions are generated from texture data. Thoses predictions lead to a conclusion about the data processing efficiency and the relevance of multispectral imaging for the three cosmetologic studies.

Les fentes labiales et palatines (FLP) sont les malformations faciales humaines les plus fréquentes. Selon l'origine ethnique et/ou géographique des populations étudiées, elles peuvent concerner jusqu'à 1 /500 naissances. La venue au monde d'un enfant porteur de FLP est un événement particulièrement stressant et traumatisant pour les parents. Une écoute attentive des familles dont l'un des enfants est porteur de FLP révèle l'importance du contexte psychologique et les risques d'une structuration disharmonieuse des relations parents-enfant avec leurs conséquences sur le développement de l'enfant. Dans une démarche éthique de bienfaisance, il est donc primordial de prendre en compte ces risques et de mieux connaitre le vécu des parents par rapport à cette malformation et de ses conséquences sur le développement de l'enfant. Quatre études cliniques multidisciplinaires et multicentriques dont un Projet Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC) national, ont été ainsi élaborées et réalisées avec cet objectif. Les résultats montrent qu'il est urgent d'améliorer la qualité de cette information et de l'accompagnement des parents, et cela, dès l'annonce. Il s'agit de soutenir ces parents pour " investir " cet enfant si "différent" de celui attendu et espéré. L'organisation de cette prise en charge doit être renforcée entre les équipes médicales intervenant avant et après la naissance afin d'améliorer la prise en compte thérapeutique et sociétale de ces enfants et de leurs parents. / Cleft lip and patate (CLP) are the most common facial malformations in humans. Depending on the ethnie and/or geographical origin of the populations studied, they can affect up ta 1 /500 of newborn infants.Careful consideration of families concerned shows the importance of the psychological context, and the repercussions of a disharmonious structuring of the parent-child relationship on the child's development.The prospective, multidisciplinary and multi-centre studies described here aimed to assess the psychological perceptions of parents of children affected by CUP over the year following the birth,and to analyse the degree of psychological suffering experienced by the child, and the parent-child relationship. The results show that it is urgent to improve the quality of the information given to the parents, and their accompaniment and support, as soon as the malformation is disclosed. Parents need support to become "committed" to their child, so "different" from their hopes and expectations. The organisation of this support needs to be reinforced between medical teams before the birth and after, so as to improve the way the condition is catered for, from both the therapeutic and the social viewpoint. We believe the results of this research will enable us ta develop new methods to lessen the psychological impact of the malformation on the parents, and improve treatment for the children in the long term.