No description available.

Le psoriasis est une maladie de peau auto-immune et chronique. Le rhumatisme psoriasique est une de ses principales complications qui est très invalidante pour les patients. Cette pathologie reste encore incurable à ce jour. L'usage des médicaments disponibles actuellement dans le psoriasis est limité par leurs effets secondaires dépendant de la dose et de la durée d'utilisation. Le but de ce travail était de développer des nanovecteurs médicamenteux à base de lipides pour un usage topique, en particulier ciblant l'épiderme viable qui est le site principal de la physiopathologie du psoriasis, mais aussi le derme et au-delà pour atteindre les articulations endommagées. Grâce à une nouvelle technique que nous avons développé et optimisé, le double déplacement de solvants, basée sur une organisation des phospholipides en deux temps, nous avons préparé des vésicules lipidiques encapsulant du diclofénac d'une part et de la ciclosporine A 'autre part. Ensuite, nous avons évalué leur aptitude à traverser la peau et cibler les régions d'intérêt. Après une étude systématique permettant d'optimiser les paramètres de préparation, les vésicules lipidiques encapsulant le diclofénac et la cyclosporine A ont montré une efficacité d'encapsulation (EE%) comprise entre 50% et 90% respectivement, selon la concentration en phospholipides. Après réalisation des études in vitro sur peau de cochon, nous avons observé que la formulation contenant une concentration basse en phospholipides (8,5 mg / mL) permettait d'encapsuler plus de 80% du diclofénac et de cibler le derme et au-delà. La formulation de vésicules lipidiques chargées de cyclosporine A qui encapsule la quantité la plus élevée (environ 80%) était également celle contenant la concentration basse de phospholipides. Contrairement au diclofénac, cette formulation n'était pas la meilleure pour cibler une couche profonde de la peau comme l'épiderme viable, alors que c'était le cas pour la formulation avec une concentration élevée de phospholipides (15 mg / mL), bien que l'EE% était d'environ 55%. Le double déplacement de solvant est une technique très prometteuse de préparation de vésicules lipidiques, capable de produire une population monodisperse d'échelle nanométrique. Cette méthode n'est que légèrement impactée lors d'une transposition d'échelle et serait donc facile à mettre en oeuvre à l'échelle industrielle. Cette méthode a été conçue dès le début pour utiliser des solvants favorisant la pénétration cutanée mais l'étendue de ces applications reste à explorer / Psoriasis is an auto-immune and chronic skin disease. Psoriatic arthritis is the main complication which is very disabling for patients. This pathology still remains incurable to date. The currently psoriasis indicated medicines use is limited by their side effects which are dose and use duration dependent. The aim of this work was to develop lipid based nanocarriers for skin targeting, especially the viable epidermis which is the main site of psoriasis physiopathology but also the dermis and beyond in order to reach the damaged articulations. Thanks to a new technique we developed and optimized called the double solvent displacement, based on a two-step phospholipid organization, we prepared diclofenac and cyclosporine A loaded lipid vesicles. Then, we evaluated their potential to cross the skin and target the skin layers of interest. After a systematic study to optimize preparation parameters, diclofenac and cyclosporine A loaded lipid vesicles displayed an encapsulation efficiency (EE %) between 50% and 90% respectively, according to the phospholipid concentration. After in vitro skin studies, we observed that the formulation containing the lower phospholipid concentration (8.5 mg/mL) allowed to encapsulate more than 80% of diclofenac and also to target the dermis and beyond. The formulation of cyclosporine A loaded lipid vesicles which encapsulates the higher amount (around 80%) is also the one containing the lower phospholipid concentration. Unlike to diclofenac, this formulation was not the better to target the viable epidermis whereas the formulation with the higher phospholipid concentration (15 mg/mL) was even though the EE% was of around 55%. The double solvent displacement is a very promising technique of lipid vesicle preparation, capable to produce monodisperse population of nanoscale carriers. This method is hardly impacted during scale-up and would be easy to implement at an industrial scale. This method was designed from the beginning to use skin penetration enhancer solvents but the scope of its applications still remains to be explored

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No description available.

Lipidmembranen ermöglichen die räumliche Anordnung von Biomolekülen. Einerseits repräsentieren Lipidvesikel Kompartimente zur Aufrechterhaltung chemischer Milieus und dienen der Verkapselung verschiedenster Substanzen. Anderseits stellen inhomogene Membranen Matrizen für eine laterale Organisation von Membrankomponenten dar. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden lipophile Nukleinsäuren zum Aufbau kompartimentalisierter Strukturen auf der Basis von Lipidmembranen benutzt, erstens, für die geordnete, dreidimensionale Assemblierung von Vesikeln, zweitens, für eine spezifische Funktionalisierung inhomogener Lipidmembranen. Definierte Schichten stabiler Lipidvesikel wurden auf „layer-by-layer“ beschichteten Silikapartikeln angeordnet. Mit Hilfe einer optischen Pinzette wurde der gerichtete Transport der mit Vesikeln beschichteten Partikel demonstriert. Moleküle konnten in den Vesikeln verkapselt und bei Bedarf vor Ort freigesetzt werden. Zudem wurde die kontrollierte Fusion der immobilisierten Veskel gezeigt, die eine Durchmischung von verschiedenen Membrankomponenten zur Folge hatte. Lipophile Nukleinsäuren wurden in die Membranen von lipiddomänenbildenden Vesikeln inkorporiert. Cholesterolbasierte DNS verteilte sich hierbei homogen über die gesamte Membran. Palmitoylierte Peptid-Nukleinsäure konzentrierte sich hingegen in der flüssig-geordneten Phase von flüssig-flüssig phasenseparierten Membranen, welche sogenannten Lipid Rafts in Zellmembranen ähnelt. Mittels der palmitoylierten Peptid-Nukleinsäure und tocopherolmodifizierter DNS wurden lateral inhomogene Membranen domänenspezifisch funktionalisiert. Beide Konstrukte konnten temperaturabhängig vermischt und separiert werden. / Lipid membranes are versatile tools for the spatial organization of biomolecules. On one hand, lipid vesicles represent enclosed compartments to maintain chemical environments and allow the efficient entrapment of substances. On the other hand, lateral inhomogeneous membranes provide the two dimensional sorting of membrane-bound compounds. In this work, lipophilic nucleic acids were used to build multicompartment systems based on lipid membranes by the controlled assembly of vesicles and the domain specific functionalization of inhomogeneous membranes. Three dimensional architectures of vesicles were formed by the sequential assembly of vesicles on layer-by-layer coated particles. Upon binding of the vesicles to the particles the vesicles remained stable – they did not fuse neither became leaky. Molecules could be entrapped inside the vesicles and released on demand. It was shown that the vesicles assembled on a particle can be transported to a defined destiny using an optical tweezer. Thus, the targeted delivery and the release of encapsulated molecules on site was achieved. It was also shown that vesicles immobilized on the particles can be fused by remote control, resulting in a mixing of membrane associated compounds. Different lipophilic nucleic acids were arranged in two dimensional patterns by incorporation into domain-forming vesicles. Cholesterol-modified DNA revealed an equal distribution to both domains in liquid-liquid phase-separated membranes, whereas palmitoylated peptide nucleic acid partitioned into the liquid-ordered domain, which resembles lipid rafts of cellular membranes. Using the palmitoylated peptide nucleic acid and tocopherol-modified DNA both domains of liquid-liquid phase-separated vesicles were functionalized with different DNA recognitions sites. Both constructs could be mixed and separated by temperature control.

A própolis verde brasileira é um dos produtos de abelha mais consumidos no mundo devido às suas atividades antioxidantes, antiinflamatórias, antimicrobianas e antitumorais. Coletada pela espécie Apis mellifera, esta própolis possui a maior porcentagem de Artepilina C dentre as demais própolis. A molécula, derivada do ácido cinâmico, possui dois grupos prenilados, o que favorece a afinidade do composto pelo ambiente lipofílico. Um grupo carboxila também está presente na estrutura da Artepilina C, tornando-a um composto sensível ao pH, o que pode modular sua atividade biológica relacionada a interações com a membrana celular de organismos e tecidos. Neste trabalho investigamos as propriedades da Artepilina C em solução aquosa e interações entre Artepilina C e agregados anfifílicos comumente usados como modelos de membranas, ou seja, micelas e vesículas unilamelares, usando absorção óptica e espectroscopias de fluorescência em estado estacionário e resolvida no tempo. O grupo carboxila pode estar tanto na forma protonada quanto na forma desprotonada, mostrando equilíbrio em pH 4,65. Em pH abaixo do valor de pKa, uma banda de absorção aumentou em torno de 350 nm em concentração de Artepillin C acima de 50 M devido à agregação da molécula. Em pH neutro, com excitação a 310 nm, a Artepilina C apresenta dupla emissão a 400 e 450 nm, onde a segunda pode estar relacionada com diferentes interações entre as formas isoméricas da molécula. O tempo de vida fluorescente foi ajustado por uma função triexponencial, dominada por uma componente muito curta, em torno de 60 ps. Desta forma, a emissão fluorescente ocorreu antes da despolarização, resultando em valores muito altos de anisotropia de fluorescência. A interação da Artepilina C e membranas modelo foi estudada com micelas aniônicas, catiônicas e zwitteriônicas (respectivamente SDS, CTAB e HPS) e com vesículas unilamelares grandes de DMPC, DMPG e DODAB. Devido às cargas na superfície das micelas e das vesículas, o pH local é diferente do meio (bulk) e os espectros de absorção óptica mostraram que o estado de protonação do composto depende deste pH local. A polaridade em torno da Artepilina C diminuiu na presença de micelas e vesículas de acordo com os espectros de emissão de fluorescência, levando-nos a acreditar que a molécula está localizada na interface água/lipídio. A carga negativa do composto em estado desprotonado favorece a interação com micelas catiônicas e vesículas neutras. Os efeitos são mais proeminentes quando vesícula lipídica está na fase fluida. / Brazilian green propolis is one of the most consumed bee product in the world because of its known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Collected by the species Apis mellifera, this propolis has the major percentage of Artepillin C among others worldwide propolis. The molecule, derived of cinnamic acid, has two prenylated groups, which improves the affinity of the compound for lipophilic environment. A carboxylic group is also present in the Artepillin C structure, making it a pH-sensitive compound, what may modulate its biological activity related to interactions with the cellular membrane of organisms and tissues. In this work we investigated the properties of Artepillin C on aqueous solution and interactions between Artepillin C and amphiphilic aggregates commonly used as membrane models, namely, micelles and unilamellar vesicles, using optical absorption, steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopies. The carboxyl group may be either in protonated or deprotonated form, showing equilibrium at pH 4,65. In pH below the pKa value, an absorption band raised around 350 nm at Artepillin C concentration above 50 M, due to aggregation of the molecule. In neutral pH, with excitation at 310 nm, Artepillin C presents dual emission at 400 and 450 nm, where the second one could be related with different interactions between isomeric forms of the molecule. The fluorescent lifetime is a three-exponential function dominated by a very short component, around 60 ps. Therefore, the emission occurred before fluorescence depolarization, resulting in very high values of fluorescence anisotropy. The interaction of Artepillin C and membrane models was studied with anionic, cationic and zwitterionic (respectively SDS, CTAB and HPS) micelles, and with large unilamellar vesicles of DMPC, DMPG and DODAB. Due to the charges in micelles and in vesicles surfaces, the local pH was different from the bulk and the optical absorption spectra showed that the protonation state of the compound depends on this pH. The polarity around Artepillin C decreased in the presence of micelles and vesicles according to fluorescence emission spectra, leading us to believe that the molecule should be located at the water/lipid interface. The negative charge of the compound in deprotonated state favors the interaction with cationic micelles and neutral vesicles. The effects are more prominent when the lipid vesicles are in the fluid phase

A própolis verde brasileira é um dos produtos de abelha mais consumidos no mundo devido às suas atividades antioxidantes, antiinflamatórias, antimicrobianas e antitumorais. Coletada pela espécie Apis mellifera, esta própolis possui a maior porcentagem de Artepilina C dentre as demais própolis. A molécula, derivada do ácido cinâmico, possui dois grupos prenilados, o que favorece a afinidade do composto pelo ambiente lipofílico. Um grupo carboxila também está presente na estrutura da Artepilina C, tornando-a um composto sensível ao pH, o que pode modular sua atividade biológica relacionada a interações com a membrana celular de organismos e tecidos. Neste trabalho investigamos as propriedades da Artepilina C em solução aquosa e interações entre Artepilina C e agregados anfifílicos comumente usados como modelos de membranas, ou seja, micelas e vesículas unilamelares, usando absorção óptica e espectroscopias de fluorescência em estado estacionário e resolvida no tempo. O grupo carboxila pode estar tanto na forma protonada quanto na forma desprotonada, mostrando equilíbrio em pH 4,65. Em pH abaixo do valor de pKa, uma banda de absorção aumentou em torno de 350 nm em concentração de Artepillin C acima de 50 M devido à agregação da molécula. Em pH neutro, com excitação a 310 nm, a Artepilina C apresenta dupla emissão a 400 e 450 nm, onde a segunda pode estar relacionada com diferentes interações entre as formas isoméricas da molécula. O tempo de vida fluorescente foi ajustado por uma função triexponencial, dominada por uma componente muito curta, em torno de 60 ps. Desta forma, a emissão fluorescente ocorreu antes da despolarização, resultando em valores muito altos de anisotropia de fluorescência. A interação da Artepilina C e membranas modelo foi estudada com micelas aniônicas, catiônicas e zwitteriônicas (respectivamente SDS, CTAB e HPS) e com vesículas unilamelares grandes de DMPC, DMPG e DODAB. Devido às cargas na superfície das micelas e das vesículas, o pH local é diferente do meio (bulk) e os espectros de absorção óptica mostraram que o estado de protonação do composto depende deste pH local. A polaridade em torno da Artepilina C diminuiu na presença de micelas e vesículas de acordo com os espectros de emissão de fluorescência, levando-nos a acreditar que a molécula está localizada na interface água/lipídio. A carga negativa do composto em estado desprotonado favorece a interação com micelas catiônicas e vesículas neutras. Os efeitos são mais proeminentes quando vesícula lipídica está na fase fluida. / Brazilian green propolis is one of the most consumed bee product in the world because of its known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Collected by the species Apis mellifera, this propolis has the major percentage of Artepillin C among others worldwide propolis. The molecule, derived of cinnamic acid, has two prenylated groups, which improves the affinity of the compound for lipophilic environment. A carboxylic group is also present in the Artepillin C structure, making it a pH-sensitive compound, what may modulate its biological activity related to interactions with the cellular membrane of organisms and tissues. In this work we investigated the properties of Artepillin C on aqueous solution and interactions between Artepillin C and amphiphilic aggregates commonly used as membrane models, namely, micelles and unilamellar vesicles, using optical absorption, steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopies. The carboxyl group may be either in protonated or deprotonated form, showing equilibrium at pH 4,65. In pH below the pKa value, an absorption band raised around 350 nm at Artepillin C concentration above 50 M, due to aggregation of the molecule. In neutral pH, with excitation at 310 nm, Artepillin C presents dual emission at 400 and 450 nm, where the second one could be related with different interactions between isomeric forms of the molecule. The fluorescent lifetime is a three-exponential function dominated by a very short component, around 60 ps. Therefore, the emission occurred before fluorescence depolarization, resulting in very high values of fluorescence anisotropy. The interaction of Artepillin C and membrane models was studied with anionic, cationic and zwitterionic (respectively SDS, CTAB and HPS) micelles, and with large unilamellar vesicles of DMPC, DMPG and DODAB. Due to the charges in micelles and in vesicles surfaces, the local pH was different from the bulk and the optical absorption spectra showed that the protonation state of the compound depends on this pH. The polarity around Artepillin C decreased in the presence of micelles and vesicles according to fluorescence emission spectra, leading us to believe that the molecule should be located at the water/lipid interface. The negative charge of the compound in deprotonated state favors the interaction with cationic micelles and neutral vesicles. The effects are more prominent when the lipid vesicles are in the fluid phase

No description available.