In the wake of declining student performance and interest in science education, efforts to improve the quality of science teaching have intensified, including physics education. A recurring proposal to improve physics teaching is the use of formative assessment. Policy reforms tend to view the implementation of formative assessment as easy, but studies indicate that integrating these strategies into teachers’ practices can be challenging.   Using a phenomenological approach and hermeneutic reflections, the present study explores the opportunities and challenges that teachers’ and students’ experience when implementing formative assessments in the physics classroom. For example, teachers may encounter resistance from their students and colleagues with different expectations of physics teaching, limiting teachers’ opportunities to ‘break free’ from established traditions. However, the study also highlights opportunities for physics teachers to evolve by taking risks and embracing formative assessment as an overarching learning assessment approach.   Furthermore, the present study confirms the results of previous research indicating that students may see assessment rubrics in a positive light as their use can clarify teachers’ expectations and reduce uncertainty in this regard. However, the results of the present study also show that students may approach rubrics only as mechanical and strategic tools to obtain their desired grades, which risks conveying the message to students that physics knowledge is quantitative in nature. The students’ experiences also demonstrated that the use of rubrics could cause stress and anxiety, limiting the formative potential of rubrics.  The results of the study are discussed in relation to the support that teachers and students need in implementing formative assessment and rubric use, and they have implications for teachers’ assessment literacy, including their ability to implement formative assessments in relation to different purposes of physics teaching. One conclusion is that teachers’ and students’ lived experiences of formative assessment and rubric use need to be understood in relation to the wider context of their lifeworlds, which is marked by an increased focus on performance and results. This is crucial so that teachers and students would not be portrayed as the problems when investments in formative assessment do not meet expectations.

Bakgrund: Postoperativt delirium (POD) är ett allvarligt tillstånd som kan bidra till betydande negativa konsekvenser på både individ- och samhällsnivå. Samtidigt visar forskning att sjuksköterskor saknar kunskaper om tillståndet och känner sig osäkra i omvårdnaden relaterat till dessa patienter. Att undersöka patienternas upplevelser av POD, kan bidra till ökade kunskaper om fenomenet och i sin tur en bättre omvårdnad. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av postoperativt delirium. Metod: Resultatet baserades på åtta kvalitativa studier. Artikelsökningarna genomfördes i databaserna Cinahl, Pubmed och Scopus. Analysen utfördes med inspiration från Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Från analysen framkom fem huvudkategorier: ’’De befann sig i en förvirrande värld’’, ’’De upplevde sig isolerade och maktlösa’’, ’’De upplevde en närvaro av döden’’, ’’De upplevde ett känslomässigt kaos’’ och ’’Visuella intryck påverkade upplevelsen av delirium både positivt och negativt” Konklusion: Litteraturstudiens resultat visade att upplevelsen av POD kunde vara skrämmande och medförde en känsla av maktlöshet. Sjuksköterskan samt anhöriga hade en betydande roll för tryggheten i upplevelsen. Det behövs vidare forskning om stöd i efterförloppet av POD och undersökningar om preoperativ information. / Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a serious condition that can contribute to significant negative consequences at both an individual and societal level. At the same time, research shows that nurses lack knowledge about the condition and feel uncertain in the caring for these patients. A survey about patients' experiences of POD can contribute to increased knowledge of the phenomenon and may result in better care. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients' experiences of postoperative delirium. Methods: The result was based on eight qualitative studies. The article searches were performed in the databases Cinahl, Pubmed and Scopus. The analysis was conducted with inspiration from Friberg's five-step model. Results: The analysis revealed five main categories: ''They were in a confusing world'', ''They felt isolated and powerless'', ''They experienced a presence of death'', ''They experienced emotional chaos'' and "Visual impressions influenced the experience of delirium both positively and negatively" Conclusion: The results of the literature study showed that the experience of POD could be frightening and entailed a feeling of powerlessness. The nurse and relatives had an important role in helping the patients feel safe. Further research is needed on support in the aftermath of POD and investigations on preoperative information.

Bakgrund: Fibromyalgi omfattar upp till tre procent av befolkningen och cirka 90 procent är kvinnor som drabbas av FM. Orsaken till sjukdomen är ännu okänd. Det finns inte någon specifik diagnostisk metod utan diagnosen ställs utifrån patientens subjektiva upplevelser. Behandlingen är individuell och anpassas till patientens specifika symptom såsom smärta, depression eller sömnsvårigheter. Sjuksköterskor behöver öka sin kunskap om fibromyalgi för att främja patienternas hälsa och psykiska välmående. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att belysa personens upplevelser att leva med fibromyalgi. Metod: En litteraturstudie gjordes av åtta vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna PubMed och Cinahl Complete. De åtta valda artiklarna analyserades och sammanställdes med avseende på likheter och skillnader. Det bildade fyra huvudteman och fem underteman. Resultat: I resultatet framträdde att personer med FM upplevde olika fysiska och psykiska utmaningar och svårigheter som påverkade deras familjeliv, sociala liv och arbetsliv. Vidare att de möttes av misstro, bristande kunskap och förståelse och stigmatisering g ällande deras tillstånd, både från sin omgivning och vården. Vikten av familjens stöd, både praktiskt och emotionellt, betonades av deltagarna. Könsaspekter indikerade att både män och kvinnor hade liknande upplevelser av FM, även om deras perspektiv och å sikter skiljde sig åt. Slutsats: Sammanfattningsvis, från patientens perspektiv, är FM mer än bara ett smärtsamt tillstånd, det är kopplat till flera symtom och har en betydande negativ inverkan på psykisk och fysisk hälsa. Sjukdomen tvingar de som lever m ed FM att omstrukturera sina familjeliv, yrkesliv och sociala identiteter. Ett holistiskt tillvägagångssätt vad gäller behandling och omvårdnad skulle omfatta personens somatiska och psykiska symtom på ett bättre sätt och leda till effektivare vård. / Background Fibromyalgia affects up to three percent of the population, with approximately 90 percent of women being affected by FM. The cause of the disease is still unknown. There is no specific diagnostic method, and the diagnosis is based on the patient's subjective experiences. Treatment is individualized and tailored to the patient's specific symptoms such as pain, depression, or sleep difficulties. Nurses need to increase their knowledge about fibromyalgia to promote the health and mental well-being of patients. Aim The aim of the study was to illuminate the individual's experience of living with fibromyalgia. Method A literature review was conducted on eight scientific articles from the databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete. The eight selected articles were analyzed and compiled in terms of similarities and differences. Four main themes and five subthemes were identified. Results In the results, it emerged that individuals with FM experienced various physical and mental challenges and difficulties that affected their family, social, and work lives. Additionally, they faced distrust, lack of knowledge and understanding, and stigma regarding their condition, both from their surroundings and healthcare providers. The participants emphasized the importance of family support, both practical and emotional. Gender aspects indicated that both men and women had similar experiences with FM, although their perspectives and opinions differed. Conclusions In summary, from the patients perspective, FM is more than just a painful condition; it is associated with multiple symptoms and has a significant negative impact on mental and physical health. The disease forces those living with FM to restructure their family lives, careers, and social identities. A holistic approach to treatment and care would better address the individual's somatic and mental symptoms and result in more effective healthcare.

Although Hispanics are graduating from high school at greater rates, it is not leading to college success as college graduation rates remain low. In Texas, the Hispanic population has grown to the point that one out of three of all Texans are Hispanic. A phenomenological approach to research was used to investigate the perceptions of Hispanic college students on how well their public high school prepared them for college. Through face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions, eight Hispanic college students provided insight concerning their high school experience and how it translated into college readiness. Four questions guided the study: 1) in what ways do Hispanic college students believe their public high school prepared or failed to prepare them academically for post-secondary education; 2) in what ways do Hispanic college students believe their public high school prepared or failed to prepare them culturally for post-secondary education; 3) in what ways do Hispanic college students believe their public high school prepared or failed to prepare them socio-emotionally for post-secondary education; and 4) how do Hispanic students perceive their cultural identity in regards to their high school experience. Findings revealed four themes relating to how Hispanic students perceive their high school experience prepared them for college which include, academic readiness, cultural readiness, socio-emotional readiness, and cultural identity. The research demonstrated the complex process of transitioning from high school to college for Hispanics.

No / The use of first-hand service user accounts of mental illness is still limited in the professional literature available. This is, however, beginning to change, with a new ‘recovery’ focus in mental health services meaning that the voices of service users are finally being heard. Recovering from Psychosis: Empirical Evidence and Lived Experience synthesises a narrative approach alongside an evidence-based review of current treatment by including Stephen Williams’ own personal experience as it relates to psychosis, recovery and treatment. A mental health professional himself, the author’s account of his own recovery from severe mental health difficulties, without sustained intervention, challenges the orthodoxy of representation of service users in mental health. Recovering from Psychosis critically explores and reviews the current state of the art of research and knowledge about the nature and treatment of psychosis. Working simultaneously from empirical, lived experience and philosophical perspectives,Stephen Williams: Evaluates political and power related issues in professional understanding, knowledge-creation and treatment of people with psychosis; Introduces the current ‘recovery movement’, unpacking its origins and implications for the future development of ‘recovery oriented services’; Reviews, summarizes and critiques the current state of ‘recovery’ research, looking at the advantages and disadvantages of such an approach, examining how this is influencing the transformation of UK mental health services; Analyses the difficulties in organisational implementation of recovery approaches, summarises the most empirically robust approaches to practice, personal and service delivery measurement; Reviews current ‘models’ of psychosis and how various professional scientific groups explain the experience and nature of psychosis; Uses lived-experience accounts taken from the scientific literature, portraying the nature of such experiences and analysing them in the face of contemporary psychological models. Recovering from Psychosis is an essential comprehensive guide for mental health professionals, psychologists, social workers and carers, who are working with people with severe and enduring mental health difficulties diagnosed as psychosis. It addresses the practical implications of working with such difficult conditions and serves as a hopeful story of recovery for service users.

Yes / Foodbank use in the UK is rising but, despite high levels of poverty, Pakistani women are less likely to use foodbanks than white British women. This study aimed to understand the lived experience of food in the context of poverty amongst Pakistani and white British women in Bradford, including perspectives on food aid. Design: Sixteen Pakistani and white British women, recruited through community initiatives, participated in three focus groups (one interview was also held as a consequence of recruitment difficulties). Each group met for two hours aided by a moderator and professional interpreter. The transcripts were analysed thematically using a three-stage process. Findings: Women in low-income households employed dual strategies to reconcile caring responsibilities and financial obligations: the first sought to make ends meet within household income; the second looked to outside sources of support. There was a reported near absence of food insecurity amongst Pakistani women which could be attributed to support from social/familial networks; resource management within the household; and cultural and religious frameworks. A minority of participants and no Pakistani respondents accessed charitable food aid. There were three reasons for the non-use of food aid: it was not required because of resource management strategies within the household and assistance from familial/social networks; it was avoided out of shame; and knowledge about its existence was poor. Originality: This case study is the first examination of varying experiences of food insecurity amongst UK white British and Pakistani women. Whilst the sample size is small, it presents new evidence on perceptions of food insecurity amongst Pakistani households and on why households of varying ethnicities do not use food aid. / NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care Yorkshire and Humber (NIHR CLAHRC YH)(Grant number IS-CLA-0113-10020); IKnowFood Research Programme at the University of York (https://iknowfood.org/) which is funded through the Global Food Security’s “Resilience of the UK Food System Programme” with support from BBSRC, ESRC, NERC and Scottish Government.

<p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2002</p> / digitalisering@umu

This thesis explores the dynamics of narrative production and contestation within individuals’ stories and the collective stories of the communities in which they live. The research is focused on trying to understand the relationship between public stories constructed about place and community, and the stories told by the inhabitants of those places. A case study in the city of Bradford provides a focus for inquiry. A qualitative research design is utilised, combining theory with primary data collection and analysis. A narrative analysis of national, academic and local stories about Bradford is used to disaggregate collective narratives of the city and explore the relationship between popular, political and academic discourses. It provides a context for the analysis of in-depth interviews with a range of inhabitants from a selected geographic area within Bradford, centred on how their individual stories relate to the identified collective stories of Bradford. Analysis of the fieldwork data shows that individuals are often engaged in complex negotiations of public discourse in ways that may reinforce and contest existing stories, but also complement them with parallel stories that neither reinforce nor contest but construct a different narrative. It reveals and reflects on apparent contradictions within everyday storytelling, for example, how nostalgia can be displayed about harsh times of socio-economic decline, or how attitudes to change over time can be variably positive and negative depending both on the speakers’ positioning of themselves and of the interviewer, and the speakers’ purpose in the interaction.

Bakgrund: Då en patient får en diagnos eller sjukdom kan vården vara inriktad på kuration eller palliation. Vård med kurativ inriktning syftar till att bota sjukdom medan palliativ vård syftar till att lindra genom stödjande åtgärder. Att genomgå en transition är något som påverkar människans alla dimensioner. En av sjuksköterskans uppgifter är att stödja patienten genom transitioner, för att kunna göra det krävs en förtroendefull relation mellan patient och sjuksköterska. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienters upplevelser av transitionen från kurativ till palliativ vård. Metod: Metoden som använts är en litteraturöversikt som syftar till att skapa en överblick över det valda kunskapsområdet. Resultatet har författarna skapat av tio kvalitativa originalartiklar som identifierades i databaserna: Cinahl Complete, Pubmed och Medline. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra huvudteman och tre subteman. Med det första temat “Vårdrelationen” och subtemana “Behovet av att få information” och “Stödet från sjuksköterskan” beskrivs patienters upplevelser av att få information och att bli introducerad till palliativ vård och upplevelsen av stödet från vårdpersonalen. Det andra temat “Från att vara självständig till att bli beroende” skildrar patienters upplevelse av förändrade och en rädsla för att bli en börda för någon annan: Det senare framgår av subtemat ”Rädslan för att bli en börda för andra”.  Det tredje temat “Tankar om framtiden” handlar om patienters upplevelser och tankar om framtiden vid transitionen från kurativ till palliativ vård. Det fjärde temat “Upplevelser av att anpassa sig till sin nya situation” beskriver patienters upplevelse av att försöka anpassa sig till sin nya situation. Diskussion: Utifrån Meleis transitionsteori diskuterades resultatet som var relaterat till patienternas upplevelse av transitionen från kurativ till palliativ vård. Att få information har varit viktigt för patienterna i denna transition, något som även transitionsteorin bekräftar. I diskussionen lyfte författarna även problematiken kring rollförändringar och upplevelsen av hopp. / Background: When a patient receives a diagnosis or contracts a disease, treatment can be focused on curation or palliation. Care with a curative orientation aims to cure the disease, whilst palliative care aims to relieve through supportive measures. Undergoing a transition affects all human dimensions. One of the nurse's tasks is to support the patient through transitions, doing so requires a trusting relationship between patient and nurse. Aim: The aim was to highlight patients´ experiences through the transition from curative to palliative care. Method: The method used was a literature review that aims to create an overview of the chosen field of knowledge. The authors created the result using ten original articles from the databases: Cinahl Complete, PubMed and Medline. Results: The result of the literature overview shows four main themes and four subthemes. The first theme "The nursing relationship" has two subthemes "The need to get information" and "The patients´ experience of the support from the nurse" describes patients´ experience of getting information and introduction to palliative care and the experience of the support from the nurse. The second theme "From independent to dependent" portrays patients' experience of changing roles and a fear of becoming a burden to someone else with one subtheme "The fear of being a burden to someone else". The third theme "Thoughts on the Future" is about patients' experiences and thoughts about the future during the transition from curative to palliative care. The fourth theme "Experiences of adapting to their new situation," describes patients' experiences of trying to adapt to their new situation. Discussion: Based on Meleis transition theory the results were discussed and related to the patient's experience of the transition from curative to palliative care. Getting the information has been important for the patients in this transition, which also confirms by the transition theory. The authors highlighted the problem of role changes and the experience of hope in the discussion.

<p>Studien undersøker studenters sorgerfaringer som fenomen. Den fokuserer levd erfaring i handlingsperspektiv og meningsperspektiv. Innledningsvis redegjøres det for foreliggende forskning om sorgerfaring. Deretter introduseres teoretiske perspektiv som anvendes i studien. Ut fra respondentenes erfaring analyseres de rom for handling og meningsdannelse som finnes på studiestedene.</p><p>Studiens formål er å utvikle dypere forståelse for hva det innebærer i studenters daglige liv å erfare sorg. Studien anvender en hermeneutisk-fenomenologisk metode, inspirert av van Manen. Datainnsamlingen ble gjennomført ved semistrukturerte forskningsintervjuer med seks respondenter, to intervjusamtaler med hver med +/- fire måneders mellomrom. I intervjuingen er det lagt vekt på meningsfortetning og tolkning i samtalene. Respondentene er tre kvinner og tre menn mellom 22 og 30 år, alle studenter som har mistet foreldre eller søsken ved dødsfall. De avdøde var fra 25-60 år, relasjon til respondenter: Tre fedre, en mor og to brødre.</p><p>Databearbeidingen har foregått ved lytting og gjenlytting, skriving og analysering av lydfiler og transkriberte tekster fra forskningsintervjuene. I prosessen er det analysert fram betydningsbærende elementer fra studentenes fortellinger som så er forsøkt rekontekstualisert i møte med teoretiske perspektiv. Framstillingen sikter mot å formidle en kunnskap som er kongruent med sorgerfaringen som fenomen.</p><p>Resultatet presenteres først som seks fortellinger som formidler noe vesentlig ved sorgerfaringen og skaper resonans. Deretter presenteres åtte tema som har utkrystallisert seg gjennom analysen: Å være merket (1), Sårbarhet (2), Fravær (3), "Det som har skjedd, er en del av meg" (4), Å føre noe videre (5), Dødsfall kan komplisere nære relasjoner (6), Lengsel etter den reine sorgen (7), Å holde kontakt (8). For det tredje redegjøres det for studentenes opplevde rom for handling. Til sist utvikles meningstolkning i dialog mellom studenters sorgerfaring, slik den er analysert fram i studien, nyere sorgforskning og teoretiske perspektiv. Fortellingens rolle som grunnlag for mening og konstruktiv handling viser seg avgjørende.</p>