Thèse--Univ. de Bâle. / Curriculum vitae. "Bibliographie": p. 7-8.

Siegen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2001.

Inaug.-Diss.--Würzburg. / Lebenslauf. "Schrifttum": 4th prelim. leaf (2 p. ).

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mesorhizobium loti possesses a symbiosis island (ICEMlSym[R7A]) that confers upon the bacterium the ability to form a symbiotic association with legumes of the genus Lotus. Nodulation (nod, nol and noe) genes located on the ICEMlSym[R7A] encode enzymes that are responsible for the production of a species-specific signaling molecule, named Nod factor. Perception of Nod factors by plant receptors triggers several plant responses and facilitates bacterial invasion, leading to the formation of root nodules. The studies in this thesis aimed to examine the impact of various structural components of the M. loti Nod factor on host specificity and recognition within Lotus species. The minimal gene requirement for eliciting nodule development on Lotus plants was also determined. The M. loti strain R7A Nod factor has a backbone of five N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues. The non-reducing terminal GlcNAc residue carries an acyl chain of either a vaccenic acid (C[18:1]) or palmitic acid (C[16:0]), a carbamoyl group and a methyl group, while an acetylfucose is present at the reducing terminus. Analysis of loss-of-function [Delta]nodZ and [Delta]nolL mutants showed that the acetylfucose at the reducing terminus was required for efficient nodulation of Lotus species, especially during the initiation of infection threads and for induction of symbiotic gene, NIN. Upon inoculation with R7A[Delta]nodZ, nodulation of Lotus corniculatus and L. filicaulis was significantly delayed and reduced, while only a delay in the onset of nodulation was observed with L. japonicus. Interestingly, nodulation of L. burttii induced by R7A[Delta]nodZ was as efficient as that induced by R7A. Hence, the absolute requirement for the acetylfucose during nodulation was host-dependent. In planta complementation and domain swap experiments using transgenic L. japonicus nfr1 and nfr5 mutants were employed to investigate the role of the reducing terminal acetylfucose in the perception of Nod factor. Nodulation of complemented L. japonicus nfr1 and nfr5 mutants inoculated with R7A[Delta]nodZ was poor, whereas similar plants inoculated with R7A nodulated well. This suggests that the in planta complementation was inefficient and as a result accentuated the effect of the acetylfucose on the Nod factor recognition. The responses of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between L. filicaulis and L. japonicus to inoculation with strain R7A[Delta]nodZ suggested that at least two genetic loci on chromosome 4, in addition to the Nfr1 and Nfr5 genes, contribute to Nod factor perception and in particular the host-specific recognition of the acetylfucose, This suggests the involvement of multiple receptors or a receptor with multiple components in the perception of Nod factors. A gain-of-function study demonstrated that the presence of nodulation genes alone in nonsymbiotic mesorhizobia was sufficient to induce nodulation and bacteroid formation on Lotus plants, indicating that no other ICEMlSym[R7A] genes were required for infection thread formation or bacterial release. Nodulation assays of four Lotus species indicated host-specific requirements for nodulation genes. The presence of the nodA, nodC, nodD1, nodD2, nodZ, noeL and nolK genes was sufficient to permit nodulation of L. burttii, but was insufficient to induce nodulation of L. japonicus, L. corniculatus and L. filicaulis. The importance of the carbamoyl and methyl groups, and the influence of Nod factor concentration during nodulation were also implicated in this study. A model for the Nod factor perception in Lotus was proposed.

Thesis--München. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56).

Cette thèse interroge la relation entre la littérature et l'idée impérialiste chez Pierre Loti. La vogue du voyage en Orient au XIXe siècle correspond au développement de la colonisation commerciale et politique qui change de façon fondamentale la vision du monde pour les gens de l'époque. L'aspiration vers l'ailleurs s'entremêlant à la perspective impériale, l'expansion territoriale européenne influence la perception du dehors de l'Occident. En poursuivant son rêve oriental, Pierre Loti, quant à lui, découvre la réalité locale à l'étranger et écrit de cette expérience existentielle des récits tout aussi exotiques que banals. Le but de notre réflexion est de mettre en question le rapport de l'écrivain à l'Orient sous influence coloniale. Elle s'efforce d'éclaircir le mécanisme de ses pensées sur l'ailleurs à partir des études sur la représentation de la Turquie, de l'Inde et du Japon / The subject of this doctoral thesis is the relation between literature and imperial ideology in the world of Pierre Loti. Journeys to the Orient had a great vogue throughout the 19th century and followed the same direction as the colonial undertaking that influenced the vision of the world at that period. The aspiration for the East intertwined with the imperial perspective, the territorial expansion of the European powers influenced the perception of outside the West. Pierre Loti has discovered the local situation in each country he visited and has written, from this existential experience, exotic and mundane stories. The purpose of our thinking is to call into question the connection between the writer and the East under colonial influence. It attempts to clarify the mechanism of his thoughts on the culture of non-Western civilizations and tries to analyze the representation of Turkey, India and Japan in his novels

Sebastian Beverloo: "Damn Pinkerton, and all such as he! – Om orientalism i Madame Butterfly." Exa- mensarbete på kandidatnivå i musikvetenskap, Institutionen för musik- och teatervetenskap, Stockholms universitet, ht 2014. Orientalism är teorin att Väst, genom representation i konsten, har förmedlat en ofördelaktig bild av Ori- entens folk, seder och bruk. Begreppet förklarar de estetiska strömningar som följde med den ostindiska handeln och den europeiska kolonialismen. Problemen som teorin om kulturell orientalism sätter fingret på innefattar olika aspekter av representation; hur orientalerna (redan det ett problematiskt begrepp i sig) har gestaltats i konsten. Ett av de centrala problemen är att etnicitet lyfts fram före individualitet: en orien- talisk man är i första hand orientalisk, och bara i andra hand man. Det här arbetet problematiserar repre- sentationen av rollpersonerna i den kvartett av verk, som jag kallar för Madame Geisha-berättelsen (Lotis Madame Chrysanthème (1887), Longs Madame Butterfly (1898), Belascos Madame Butterfly (1900), Puc- cinis Madama Butterfly (1904-7)). Mer specifikt undersöks hur den japanska kvinnan gestaltas genom alla de fyra verken – i synnerhet med hänsyn till relationen mellan japansk kvinnlighet och västerländsk man- lighet. Ett av huvudproblemen är att centralfiguren i berättelsen är en japansk kvinna, trots att ingen av de inblandade författarna var varken japansk eller en kvinna. Verken studeras sida vid sida och jämförs utifrån orientalistiska och genusrelaterade problem. En del av undersökningen ägnas även åt Butterflys påstaådda verkliga ursprung.

No description available.

Pierre Loti est encore considéré par bien des lecteurs comme désuet, voire complètement démodé. Or le démodé est en réalité une caractéristique essentielle de l’homme et de son style. Cette étude démontre que le temps est une clef de lecture fondamentale pour aborder l’œuvre de Loti et comprendre une esthétique qui trahit sa relation au monde, plus temporelle que géographique. Loti n’est rien moins qu’obsédé par le temps, par un temps qui engendre inexorablement la perte – une perte tout à fait ambivalente puisqu’elle est positive dans sa négativité, désirée comme redoutée. Le passé est rassurant parce qu’intangible. Cette recherche explore l’enfance de Loti comme souvenir rétrospectif, construction littéraire et création d’un mythe personnel. L’enfance est le paradis perdu que Loti regrettera toujours avec une profonde mélancolie, tandis que ses voyages ultérieurs formeront une recherche d’Éden, mais d’un Éden qui apparaît toujours déjà en ruine. L’essai propose aussi une analyse de l’élaboration d’une identité hétéronymique : c’est par les pouvoirs de la littérature, du transvestissement, du divertissement nocturne et des scénographies du moi que Julien Viaud devient Pierre Loti. Ce nouveau soi, concourant et non concurrent de l’autre, doit être vu comme une construction comblant les pertes de sa propre vie. De manière similaire, la mort de son frère aîné détermine sa recherche d’une mâle altérité, tant fictive que réelle, tout comme elle innerve son œuvre de nouvelles disparitions qui rejouent l’originelle. L’étude analyse également la mise en scène de l’échec dans différents romans de l’auteur, la mort des héros amenant à une démonstration de la fascination de Loti pour la mort. Enfin, l’œuvre de Loti est passée au crible de la mélancolie de son regard, de la nostalgie de son écriture et de la fadeur de son style, dans le but de révéler l’ampleur de sa prédilection pour le passé, toujours préféré au présent ou à l’avenir. Et cela parce que le passé, même chimérique, est le seul refuge contre la vanité de l’existence. / Pierre Loti is still considered by most readers as old-fashioned. But being old-fashioned, or even moreout-of-fashion is an essential characteristic of Loti’s mind and stylistics. This study aims at showing how time isa fundamental key in reading Pierre Loti’s books and in understanding his aesthetics, which betray his rathertemporal than geographic relationship to the world. Loti is not less than obsessed by time: time goes by in apermanent flow that generates loss – an ambivalent loss which is both positive and negative, desired and feared.The past is comforting because intangible. This research explores Loti’s childhood as a retrospective memory, aliterary construction and a mythologizing of self. Childhood is a paradise lost which Loti will always regret witha deep melancholy as his own travels can be seen later on as a quest for Eden, but for an Eden that will alwaysappear already ruined. Then, the essay suggests an analysis of the construction of a heteronymic identity: JulienViaud becomes Pierre Loti by the powers of literature, travesty, parties’ entertainment and scenographies of theself. This other self, completing, not competing with the other one, can be considered as a construction fulfillingthe losses of his own life. In the same manner, the death of his older brother determines his search of fictive andreal manly otherness, as well as it innervates his work with further disappearances replaying the original one.Therefore, the essay highlights the staging of failure in different novels of the author, the death of heroes leading to an explanation of Loti’s fascination for death. At last, Loti’s work is being looked over through thecriteria of melancholy of sight, nostalgia of writing and blandness of stylistics, in order to unveil the width of hisfondness for things past, always preferred to the present ones, or to events to come. An this because the past –even if chimerical – is Loti’s only refuge against his feeling of the vanity of life.