Num debate entre "A invenção do Nordeste e outras artes" - de Durval Muniz de Albuquerque Júnior - e a produção musical contemporânea pernambucana, discuto reinvenção desse espaço cultural, refletido pela utilização de linguagens e recursos globalizados que interligam tradição popular e cultura pop, como resultado da prática musical proposta pelo Manguebeat. A partir de uma narrativa da invenção, que defende a tradição cultural nordestina como uma construção discursiva, apresento interpretações que invertem esse seu sentido de tradição, influenciado por outras narrativas que convivem, reforçam e se modificam de acordo com as práticas mundiais contemporâneas, sem a intenção de definir períodos históricos ou estéticos. / In a debate that involves The invention of the Northeast and other arts and the contemporaneous musical production from Pernambuco, I analyze the reinvention of the Northeast that appears reflected in the usage of languages and global resources that connect popular tradition and pop culture, here represented by the Manguebeat music production. Going through the building of a narrative about the Northeast Cultural tradition to the interpretat ions which shift the purpose of their tradition, we get to the consequences that today these changes provide to their reality, with the intention of observing if these changes reinforce the traditional image, modify it or cohabit permeated by their local quotidian, with the contemporary world practices.

Num debate entre "A invenção do Nordeste e outras artes" - de Durval Muniz de Albuquerque Júnior - e a produção musical contemporânea pernambucana, discuto reinvenção desse espaço cultural, refletido pela utilização de linguagens e recursos globalizados que interligam tradição popular e cultura pop, como resultado da prática musical proposta pelo Manguebeat. A partir de uma narrativa da invenção, que defende a tradição cultural nordestina como uma construção discursiva, apresento interpretações que invertem esse seu sentido de tradição, influenciado por outras narrativas que convivem, reforçam e se modificam de acordo com as práticas mundiais contemporâneas, sem a intenção de definir períodos históricos ou estéticos. / In a debate that involves The invention of the Northeast and other arts and the contemporaneous musical production from Pernambuco, I analyze the reinvention of the Northeast that appears reflected in the usage of languages and global resources that connect popular tradition and pop culture, here represented by the Manguebeat music production. Going through the building of a narrative about the Northeast Cultural tradition to the interpretat ions which shift the purpose of their tradition, we get to the consequences that today these changes provide to their reality, with the intention of observing if these changes reinforce the traditional image, modify it or cohabit permeated by their local quotidian, with the contemporary world practices.

The graduation thesis is focused on the phenomenon of Embellishment and by using a case study particulary researches the Association for Embellishment in Jílové u Prahy. The subject of my study is related character of former and present Association. Using a semi-structured interview process, I have attempted to find out how important local cultural tradition is for civic members and how far it is only a formal pattern for resumption of association's activities after 1989. I also tried to determine how the present Association deals with a current environmental issues and how it is used in practice.

Au Moyen-âge, les hommes ont coutume de courir avec les taureaux à travers les rues de leur village. Dès le XVIe siècle, l’Eglise et la Monarchie interdisent cette pratique au motif qu’elle occasionne de trop nombreuses blessures et des pertes humaines. Toutefois, ce divertissement est tellement ancré dans les mœurs qu’il finit par être toléré. Sous la pression de la Société protectrice des animaux, la loi du 2 juillet 1850, dite loi Grammont, va sanctionner les mauvais traitements commis publiquement et abusivement envers les animaux domestiques. A cette même époque, les courses de taureaux à la mode espagnole s’implantent dans le pays. Diverses actions sont alors intentées sur le fondement de ce nouveau texte pour condamner l’ensemble des acteurs des spectacles taurins, mais certains juges refusent d’appliquer cette loi à de telles manifestations malgré la position contraire de la Chambre criminelle. Face à cette situation paradoxale, les courses de taureaux avec mise à mort sont finalement légalisées sous certaines conditions à partir de 1951. Cette exception est confirmée par la loi du 19 novembre 1963 lorsqu’une tradition locale ininterrompue est rapportée. Contestant fermement ce compromis dégagé par le législateur, les opposants à la corrida réclament la suppression de cette dérogation prévue au régime protecteur des animaux domestiques. La reconnaissance de la sensibilité et du bien-être de l’animal dans sa dimension d’être vivant par la loi du 10 juillet 1976 et le traité d’Amsterdam, va fragiliser cet équilibre instauré par le législateur français, même si l’Union européenne entend préserver les traditions culturelles propres à chaque Etat membre. / In the Middle Ages, it was commonplace for the men to run with the bulls in the streets of their villages. From the 16th century, the Church and the monarchy forbade this practice on the grounds that it caused too many casualties. Nevertheless, this entertainment was so weaved into the fabric of society that it ended up being tolerated. Following pressure from the animal welfare organisations, the Act of 2 July 1850 – or the Grammont Act - sanctioned any public ill-treatment wrongly perpetrated against domestic animals. At the same time, Spanish-style bullfights were established in the country. Various legal actions were initiated on the basis of this new law in order to condemn the bullfight actors, but some judges refused to apply this legislation to such events despite the contrary opinion of the Criminal Division. In response to this paradoxical situation, from 1951 the bullfights ending with the killing of the bull were eventually legalized under certain conditions. This exception is confirmed by the Act of 19 November 1963 when an unbroken local tradition is claimed. Firmly contesting this compromise reached by the legislator, the opponents of bullfighting asked for this derogation planned in the animal protection regime to be abolished. The recognition of the animal welfare and sensitivity by the Act of 10 July 1976 and the Treaty of Amsterdam weakens the balance established by the French legislator even if the objective of the European Union is to maintain the cultural traditions specific to each Member State.

Dans le contexte actuel de crise énergétique mondial, la consommation d'énergie et l'empreinte carbone, prennent une influence inévitable dés la conception architectonique,premier maillon du processus de construction. Les nouvelles contraintes associées aux accords internationaux tels que, le Sommet de Rio (1992), le protocole de Kyoto (1997) et,spécifiquement en France, le Grenelle Environnement (2007), diversifient le nombre des intervenants dans la conception architecturale, réservée traditionnellement aux architectes.La course pour diviser par deux la consommation énergétique des bâtiments (RT 2012),ainsi que lʼobjectif de diviser par quatre les émissions de gaz à effet serre à l'horizon 2050,mettent en péril la liberté du processus créatif architecturale. Des exigences si fortes dérivent vers des solutions techniques banalisantes et amènent à la standardisation et à la délocalisation des éléments architecturaux. L'objectif de cette recherche est de placer la démarche architectonique de nouveau au centre de la conception durable. Ceci devient possible en validant la performance de la forme de la maison en tant que réponse efficace face à des contraintes environnementales. Pour cela nous nous intéressons à la maison vernaculaire, toujours caractérisée par des formes simples et adaptées à leur contextes socioculturel et géo-climatique. Cet habitat, qui est le résultat d'une optimisation sur du long terme, est forcément durable. L'habitat vernaculaire est analysé ici à la recherche des motivations qui l'ont façonné. Pour cela sont considérés des circonstances géographiques et climatiques qui peuvent déterminer la forme de ces maisons. Nous estimons qu'il est possible d'obtenir de l'information sur l'environnement géoclimatique à partir de l'analyse de déterminants architectoniques visibles, et d'identifier des relations d'influence qui les lient. Ces relations d'influence sont modélisées suivant une approche qui s'appuie sur une représentation qualitative de la connaissance. L'établissement d'un modèle construit à partir de fonctions qualitatives, permet d'effectuer un raisonnement automatique, à partir de la connaissance recueillie sur l'environnement géo-climatique, pour établir les déterminants architectoniques visibles correspondants. Finalement l'outil proposé a une double vocation : permettre d'évaluer la performance de la forme des nouvelles constructions et structurer une démarche de conception d'habitations adaptées à un contexte local. / In the context of the current energy crisis, energy consumption and the carbon trace have become a mayor influence in the architectonic conception, the first link in the construction process. Recent constrains associated with international agreements such as the Rio Summit (1992), the Kyoto Protocole and, specifically in France, Grenelle delʼEnvironnement Round Table (2007), have diversified the number of stakeholders in the architectural conception, traditionally reserved to architects. The race to reduce by hal fenergy consumption in buildings (RT 2012) as well as the goal to cut by four greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 (Grenelle de lʼEnvironnement), puts the architectural creative process in jeopardy. Such demanding requirements favor trivial technical solutions and encourage standardization and off shoring of architectural elements.This researchʼs purpose is to place the architectural approach at the center of the sustainable conception. This allows the validation of the performance of a houseʼs shape as an effective response to environmental constrains. For this, we have placed our interest in the vernacular house, usually characterized by simple forms and adapted to their sociocultural and geo-climatic context. This habitat, which has resulted from a long term optimization, is inevitably sustainable. The vernacular habitat is analyzed herein in the search of the motivations that have shaped it. In consequence, geographical and climate circumstances that could have determined the shape of houses have been considered. We claim that from the analysis of visible architectural features it is possible to obtain information on the geo-climatic environment as well as the influence relationships that connect them.These influence relationships are modeled following a qualitative approach supported by a qualitative representation of knowledge. The representation, based upon qualitative functions, enables automatic reasoning, starting from gathered awareness of geo-climatic environment, for establishing corresponding architectural features. Finally, the modeled result both allows the evaluation of the form of new houses and assist the conception of houses adapted to their local context.