Bibliography: leaves 216-237 / vii, 327 leaves, [31] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Physiology, 1985

Thesis (M.Arch.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-129). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:40:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 841636 bytes, checksum: e76fa6ba8697bd0a60aa4b219d3b0456 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this work was to study the effects of nitrogen fertilization and growth retardants on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The study was conducted at the Experimental Station Prof. Diogo Alves de Mello, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa-MG (20º45 ' S; 42º51 ' W; 650-m altitude), in 2005 and 2006. Three experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with four repetitions. In the first experiment, two wheat cultivars (BRS 210 and Pioneiro) were fertilized by two methods of N application (total dose applied at seed sowing or 20 kg ha-1 at sowing and the remaining as topdressing in the beginning of tillering), and five N doses (40, 60, 80, 100, 120 kg ha-1) in a 2X2X5 factorial design. The results showed that the cultivar Pioneiro had higher productive potential than cultivar BRS 210, however with lower lodging resistance; splitting nitrogen fertilization increased lodging and brought no benefit to grain yield; grain yield response to N doses was quadratic, reaching maximum at 96.8 kg ha-1, and produced linear increase in lodging of cultivar Pioneiro. The second experiment, with the cultivar Pioneiro, had factors arranged in factorial and hierarchical design with a control treatment. The treatments consisted of three growth retardants (chlormequat, trinexapac-ethyl and paclobutrazol) combined in three doses (500, 1000 and 1500 g ha-1 of chlormequat; 62.5, 125 and 187.5 g ha-1 of trinexapac-ethyl and 40, 80 and 120 g ha-1 of paclobutrazol) with two application times (Time 1 = growth stage 6 or Time 2 = growth stage 8 of Feeks and Large scale), and a control treatment lacking retardant application. There was no occurrence of lodging in any of the studied treatments. It was concluded that trinexapac-ethyl and chlormequat were efficient in reducing wheat plant height; paclobutrazol was not efficient in reducing plant height; chlormequat and paclobutrazol effect on plant height was independent of application time; trinexapac-ethyl applied at growth stage 8 produced more marked effects than when applied at the stage 6 of the referred scale; the increase in retardant doses produced lower plant heights; chlormequat doses and paclobutrazol had no effect on grain yield; the largest trinexapac-ethyl doses reduced yield. The third experiment was arranged in a 5X4 factorial design, consisting of a combination of five nitrogen doses (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg ha-1) with four doses of the growth retardant trinexapac-ethyl (0, 62.5, 125, 187.5 g ha-1). Lodging and height of plants increased linearly with increase of nitrogen doses and with reduction of trinexapac-ethyl doses. Grain yield decreased with the increase of trinexapac-ethyl doses in the treatments with 30 and 60 kg ha-1 N, gave quadratic response in the treatments with 90 and 120 kg ha-1 N and had linear increase with 150 kg ha-1 N. Increasing N doses produced quadratic responses of grain yield with 0, 62.5, and 125g ha-1 of trinexapac-ethyl and linear increase with 187.5 g ha-. The results led to the conclusion that the application of 0, 62.5, 125 and 187.5 g ha-1 of 1 trinexapac-ethyl allows the use of 83.46; 92.21; 100.95 and 150 kg ha-1 of N, respectively, and that 60 kg ha-1 N without trinexapac-ethyl produces the highest grain yield. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada e de redutores de crescimento na cultura do trigo (Triticum aestivum L.). O estudo foi conduzido na Estação Experimental Prof. Diogo Alves de Mello, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG (20º45 S e 42º51 W e altitude de 650 metros), nos anos de 2005 e 2006. Foram realizados três experimentos, no delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. No primeiro, duas cultivares de trigo (BRS 210 e Pioneiro) foram submetidas a duas formas de aplicação de N (dose total aplicada por ocasião da semeadura ou 20 kg ha-1 na semeadura mais o restante da dose em cobertura, no início do perfilhamento) e cinco doses de N (40, 60, 80, 100, 120 kg ha-1), constituindo um fatorial 2X2X5. Conclui-se que a cultivar Pioneiro apresenta maior potencial produtivo que a cultivar BRS 210, porém apresenta menor resistência ao acamamento; o parcelamento da adubação nitrogenada proporciona maior acamamento e não traz benefícios à produtividade dos grãos; as doses de N promovem resposta quadrática da produtividade dos grãos, com ponto de máxima estimado na dose de 96,8 kg ha-1 e, aumento linear do acamamento de plantas da cultivar Pioneiro. O segundo experimento, conduzido com a cultivar Pioneiro, foi montado com fatores em esquema fatorial e hierárquico com uma testemunha. Os tratamentos foram três redutores de crescimento (clormequat, trinexapac-etil e paclobutrazol) combinados com três doses (500, 1000 e 1500 g ha-1 de clormequat; 62,5, 125 e 187,5 g ha-1 de trinexapac-etil e 40, 80 e 120 g ha-1 de paclobutrazol) e duas épocas de aplicação (Época 1= estádio 6 ou Época 2= estádio 8 da escala Feeks e Large), mais um tratamento testemunha que não recebeu aplicação de redutor. Não houve acamamento de plantas em nenhum dos tratamentos estudados. Conclui-se que o trinexapac-etil e o clormequat são eficientes em reduzir a estatura das plantas de trigo; o paclobutrazol não é eficiente em reduzir a estatura das plantas; a ação dos redutores clormequat e paclobutrazol sobre a altura de plantas independe da época de aplicação; o trinexapac-etil aplicado na época em que as plantas encontram-se no estádio 8 promove efeitos mais acentuados, do que quando aplicado no estádio 6 da referida escala; o aumento das doses dos redutores promove menor estatura das plantas; as doses de clormequat e paclobutrazol não afetam a produtividade dos grãos; as maiores doses de trinexapac-etil promovem redução na produtividade. O terceiro experimento foi conduzido seguindo um fatorial 5X4, constituído pela combinação de cinco doses de nitrogênio (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg ha-1) com quatro doses do redutor de crescimento trinexapac-etil (0, 62,5, 125, 187,5 g ha-1). O acamamento e a altura das plantas aumentaram linearmente com o incremento das doses de nitrogênio e com redução das doses de trinexapac-etil. A produtividade dos grãos decresceu com o aumento das doses de trinexapac-etil, nos tratamentos com 30 e 60 kg ha-1 de N, respondeu de forma quadrática nos tratamentos com 90 e 120 kg ha-1 de N e aumentou de forma linear na dose de 150 kg ha-1 de N. O aumento das doses de N promoveu respostas quadráticas da produtividade dos grãos, nas doses de 0; 62,5, 125g ha-1 de trinexapac-til e aumento linear na dose de 187,5 g ha-1 do redutor. Conclui-se que a aplicação de 0; 62,5; 125 e 187,5 g ha-1 de trinexapac-etil permite utilizar as doses de 83,46; 92,21; 100,95 e 150 kg ha-1 de N, respectivamente, e que a dose de 60 kg ha-1 de N sem aplicação de trinexapac-etil promove a maior produtividade dos grãos.

Empreendimentos imobiliários e de base imobiliária em geral e empreendimentos hoteleiros em particular tem seus desempenhos, em primeiro lugar, associados à localização. O produto hoteleiro possui elevada rigidez estrutural, o que significa reduzida capacidade de readaptação sem provocar quebras irreversíveis na qualidade do investimento. Portanto, o processo de decisão com relação aos investimentos em empreendimentos hoteleiros depende de um sistema de informações que contemple atributos de expressão espacial, que considere fatores como localização e posição, dispersão e concentração, forma, inter-relacionamentos, conectividade e facilidade de acesso. A estruturação de um sistema de informação geográfica para o suporte ao planejamento do produto hoteleiro é mais do que um aplicativo ou sistema de computação. Ela envolve desde a coleta, o armazenamento, a manipulação e a análise até a apresentação das informações. Num empreendimento hoteleiro, a localização e a vocação da região em estudo e a escolha do produto estão intrinsecamente ligados. Em função da importância que a demanda por viagens de negócios representam dentro do universo dos produtos hoteleiros, estabeleceu-se o foco desse trabalho na estruturação de um sistema de informação geográfica para planejamento do produto hoteleiro em cidades de demanda expressiva por viagens de negócios. Considerando-se a relevância dessa demanda na cidade de São Paulo e de sua intensa competitividade interna, foram coletados dados para esse município, do setor hoteleiro e da economia. / Real estate projects and real estate backed investments in general, and lodging projects in particular have its performance firstly associated with the location. The lodging investment has high structural rigidity, meaning little readjustment capacity without irreversible losses in the quality of the investment. Therefore, the decision process related to the investments in lodging projects depends on the information system that consider geographic attributes as location, position, dispersion and concentration, shape, inter-relationships, connection and accessibility. The structure of a geographic information system to support the lodging project planning is more than computer software. It involves the collection, the storage, the manipulation, the analysis and the presentation of geographic information. In lodging projects, the location and the vocation of the region in study and the selection of the best project works together. As the importance that business trips means in the universe of lodging projects, this study aims to build up a structure of a geographic information system for the planning of a lodging enterprise in cities with expressive demand for business trips. Considering the relevance of such demand in the city of São Paulo and its intense internal competitiveness, statistical data on the city regarding its business aspects were collected and also statistical data from the lodging industry and from the city economic aspects.

Esta pesquisa dedica-se a compreender a natureza da atividade conhecida, na indústria hoteleira, por auditoria noturna. É importante por esta atividade ainda não ter sido estudada adequadamente do ponto de vista conceitual e das práticas do mercado, embora seja tratada pela literatura didática e desenvolvida em hotéis. Com o objetivo de verificar o state of the art da auditoria noturna, foi adotada a estratégia de criar o conceito instrumental de hotel ‘complexo’, definido como dotado de porte e/ou categoria de prestação de serviços suficientes para justificar a existência de estruturas organizacionais intrincadas. A premissa subjacente é que o alto investimento absoluto ou relativo (por unidade habitacional) exige processos com maior eficiência e eficácia. A cidade de São Paulo foi escolhida para a pesquisa de campo graças ao seu significativo parque hoteleiro. A fim de estabelecer bases teóricas que pudessem subsidiar a investigação de campo, a auditoria noturna foi situada no contexto organizacional de um empreendimento hoteleiro; foram analisados a evolução e o conceito de auditoria interna; e caracterizados os sistemas de informação utilizados pela indústria hoteleira para a atividade, dada a relevância de sua configuração para condicionar processos operacionais e financeiros. Selecionados 41 hotéis complexos de São Paulo, 38 colaboraram com a fase exploratória da pesquisa, dedicada a caracterizar o perfil pessoal e organizacional de 82 funcionários responsáveis pela auditoria noturna. Dentre eles, 10 hotéis, que contavam formalmente com o cargo de auditor noturno, foram objeto de uma pesquisa descritiva, a fim de elencar suas tarefas e de obter suas percepções do software hoteleiro utilizado. Todos os hotéis complexos selecionados têm atividades de auditoria noturna, com o foco principal voltado ao exame diário de todas as contas correntes de recepção. Os responsáveis pela auditoria noturna desenvolvem tarefas operacionais, estão freqüentemente subordinados ao departamento auditado e desconsideram o ambiente de controle. Como resultado, este trabalho propõe que a auditoria noturna hoteleira não se enquadra no moderno entendimento do conceito de auditoria interna; é uma atividade de inspeção que supre a deficiência ou cumpre o papel de controles internos. A avaliação positiva realizada pelos auditores noturnos dos hotéis complexos da cidade de São Paulo a respeito dos sistemas de informação utilizados não invalida a constatação de que os principais softwares hoteleiros são falhos, oriundos da automatização de tarefas tradicionais, limitando a própria atividade de auditoria noturna. / This study is dedicated to the examination of an activity known in the hotel industry as the night audit. The importance of this research is reflected in the fact that the night audit is an activity that has been little studied from the conceptual and practical points of view, although it has been amply described in educational and industry literature. Given that the primary objective is to define the state of the art of the night audit, this paper initially establishes the contextual concept of the hotel property, as defined as hospitality operations that offer a size or category of service warranting the existence of complex organizational structure. The underlying assumption is that properties with expensive investments necessitate extensive processes to ensure greater efficiency or effectiveness. The city of São Paulo was chosen for field research as its hotel park is the largest in South America. With the objective to establish a theoretical base to support the field investigation, the night audit was placed in the organizational context of the hotel property; basic concepts, as well as, the evolution of the internal audit were analyzed; and the information systems used by the hospitality industry were described, given their relevance in conditioning operational and financial processes. Of the forty-one major hotel properties in São Paulo, thirty-eight collaborated in the exploratory phase of the project. In this phase, based on interviews with 82 night audit employees, the profile of the night auditor was established, as well as, his position and relationships within the organizational structure. Of all the subject properties, ten hotels have formally established the position of night auditor in their organizational structure. These employees were the subject of the second phase of the study in which the functions of the night auditor were quantified and described. They were also interviewed in depth as to their opinion on hospitality software. The results of the study demonstrate that all the subject properties have night auditing activities, but with a primary focus on the daily examination of all open accounts in the front office. The employees responsible for the night audit also execute operational activities and are frequently subordinated within the department that they audit, effectively eliminating any element of actual control. As a result, this study proposes that the night audit as practiced by the hospitality industry does not correspond to the modern concept of the internal audit; it is an activity of inspection and account verification, isolated to the front office, and in effect, compensates for process deficiencies or, at best, mimics internal controls. Even though the evaluations by the night auditors were for the most part positive, there are many aspects in which hospitality software is deficient, limiting its use in the auditing capacity.

The purpose of this research is to explore the challenges of leaders (lodging owners) when implementing sustainable practices in the lodging industry in Sri Lanka. The authors have used two established models (SPM3 & STM) to create the new model called SLM3, which was used to extract data and measure the perceptions of leaders with a sustainable narrative, when implementing sustainable practices within their lodging in Sri Lanka. This was done in order to bridge a gap for the authors, since there was no established model yet, that could be used for the purpose of this research. After using the model for the current research in the context of Sri Lanka, the authors conclude that the model mostly fulfilled the aim that it was created for, although some minor alterations were made to improve its simplicity and make it more understandable. The main findings are that the main challenges of lodging owners with a sustainable narrative, when implementing sustainable practices are gender equality, lack of collaboration and networks, limited influence, the hierarchical system and long-term thinking related to education. The reported challenges prevent the lodging owners in Sri Lanka from implementing sustainable practices to the extent to which they would like to.

No description available.

This study reviews the effect of Internet bookings on the Central Florida lodging market over the past five years. As the number of lodging accommodations booked directly by the consumer over the Internet continues to increase, the ramifications brought about by this emerging distribution channel have not been fully investigated or interpreted. This study observes how Internet-enabled distribution channel bookings have trended in occupancy and average daily rate in the Central Florida lodging market in the past five years. Specifically the author segmented the survey respondents into the lodging product service categories of budget, moderate, upscale and luxury to analyze if there were any observable trends between the categories over the past five years. The author also segmented the respondents into the lodging geographic sub-categories of airport, downtown, suburban and resort/attractions area to determine if there were any observable trends between the sub-classifications over the past five years. Utilizing a descriptive approach, the author determined that each product service category and lodging sub-classification displayed continuous growth in Internet-enabled distribution channel bookings over the five-year period of 1999-2003. The author also observed that each product service category continuously represented a discounted Internet distribution channel rate over the five-year period of 1999-2003. This analysis suggests that lodging properties in the Central Florida market are discounting their Internet-enabled distribution channel rates in comparison to the property's overall average rate. At the same time, these properties appear to be increasing their Internet-enabled distribution channel bookings as a percentage of overall bookings.

This study compared lodging managers' job competency expectations for newly hired employees in possession of four-year (baccalaureate) degrees from a college or university. Lodging managers mentally separated new hires into two distinct categories when rating the importance of specific job competencies: 1) new hires in possession of a hospitality management baccalaureate degree, and 2) new hires in possession of a non-hospitality management baccalaureate degree. Lodging managers who were current members of the Central Florida Hotel & Lodging Association (CFHLA) at the time of the survey participated and all were employed in the central Florida area at the time of the study. In the fall of 2004, lodging managers (N=156) were sent an electronic mail correspondence requesting participation. Usable responses were received from 137 lodging managers for a response rate of 87.82%. The survey instrument was developed from a literature review of hospitality job competencies and was refined to 3 content areas: knowledge, ability, and attitude. Research questions were designed to identify differences, if any, in lodging manager new hire expectations based upon several criteria: a) type of baccalaureate degree held by the new hire (hospitality management versus other field), b) gender of the manager, c) number of years the manager had worked in the lodging industry, d) whether or not the manager possessed a baccalaureate degree at the time of the survey, e) if the manager possessed a baccalaureate degree, whether the degree was hospitality or non-hospitality specific, and, f) the type of lodging facility employing the manager at the time of questionnaire completion. These comparisons were made between the two groups of new-hires with baccalaureate hospitality degrees and new-hires with non-hospitality baccalaureate degrees. Consistently, lodging managers rated higher expectations for new-hires when the newly hired employees possessed a baccalaureate degree in hospitality or lodging management versus a non-hospitality discipline. Ramifications of these findings are discussed pursuant to higher education hospitality programs, the lodging industry, and human resource professionals recruiting future lodging managers. Future research is suggested utilizing a wider regional, national, and/or international sample.

The Piedras Blancas Motel is a 1950’s era roadside motel comprised of 11 lodging units, plus a cafe, laundry room, manager’s apartment, and adjacent storage area. It is located seven miles north of San Simeon and nine miles south of the San Luis Obispo/Monterey County line. In 2005, the property was purchased using State, Federal, and private funds, and then transferred to the California Department of Parks and Recreation (State Parks). Although it has been closed to the public since 2005, the Site offers day-use parking and convenient beach access. This professional project, under contract with the California Coastal Conservancy, provides information necessary for the future redevelopment of the Piedras Blancas Motel. It demonstrates the feasibility of a preferred development alternative through several analyses including: a structural analysis of the existing building(s), a constraints analysis, an evaluation of regulatory requirements, and an assessment of redevelopment options based on preliminary market research and financial analysis. The primary objective of the Coastal Conservancy and State Parks is to provide low-cost overnight lodging and visitor services along the Big Sur Coast. The Motel would serve as an alternative to existing expensive lodges or resorts as well as existing tent or RV camping that may not serve as an option for some visitors.