<p>Na uzorku od 9746 akcidenata sa 19 opasnih materija, ispitivan<br />je uticaj logističkih podsistema (proizvodnja, skladištenje,<br />pretovar transport i distribucija) na kvalitativni ishod<br />posledica po život i zdravlje ljudi. Primenom odabranih<br />statističkih testova za svaku opasnu materiju su ustanovljeni<br />logistički podsistemi sa najvećim rizikom. Osobine opasnih<br />materija značajno variraju vrednosti i pozicije rizika.<br />Ustanovljeni model se može primeniti u praksi.</p> / <p>In a sample of 9746 accidents are divide with 19 hazardous substances, the<br />influence of logistics systems (production, storage, transshipment, transport<br />and distribution) to the qualitative outcome of the result of the health and<br />safety of people. By applying selected statistical tests for each hazardous<br />material are established logistics subsystems with the highest risk.<br />Characteristics of hazardous materials vary value and risk positions in<br />logistics sybsistems. The established model can be applied in paractice.</p>

Os documentos fiscais eletrônicos estão implantados no Brasil desde 2006, e significaram relevante modernização na forma como as operações comerciais são documentadas no país. Contudo, apesar de possuírem informações que transcendem a fiscalização tributária, a legislação brasileira impõe o chamado \"sigilo fiscal\", restringindo o acesso a esses documentos apenas à administração tributária. Nesse sentido, o trabalho tem os objetivos de analisar o conceito e os contornos do sigilo fiscal imposto pela legislação brasileira e propor aplicações práticas de como as informações constantes nos documentos fiscais eletrônicos poderiam ser utilizadas pelos demais órgãos públicos e pela iniciativa privada. Dentre os diversos usos potenciais o trabalho foca no tema de sistemas logísticos, mais especificamente no que se refere ao rastreamento de veículos e mercadorias. Nesse sentido são apresentados e detalhados quatro casos práticos de interesse para a iniciativa privada e outros órgãos de fiscalização: identificação do trânsito de veículos de carga com excesso de peso em rodovias; identificação do transporte de produtos perigosos em áreas urbanas; rastreamento de mercadorias de alto valor agregado pelas empresas; e o conhecimento prévio do fluxo de mercadorias, para fins de planejamento de carga e descarga em armazéns, portos e aeroportos. Aborda, também, um caso prático de rastreamento útil para a própria administração tributária, as chamadas \"fronteiras virtuais\". Apresenta, por fim, a especificação técnica mínima para a implantação dos quatro casos práticos de rastreamento, que servirá tanto para a Secretaria da Fazenda como para os órgãos e empresas interessados nas informações contidas nos documentos eletrônicos. / Electronic tax documents have been implemented in Brazil since 2006, and have meant a relevant modernization in the way commercial operations are documented in the country. However, despite having information that transcends tax inspection, Brazilian law imposes so-called \"fiscal secrecy\", restricting access to these documents only to the tax administration. In this sense, the objectives of this paper are to analyze the concept and the contours of fiscal secrecy imposed by Brazilian legislation and propose practical applications of how the information contained in electronic tax documents can be used by other public agencies and private initiative. Among the various potential uses, the work focuses on the topic of logistics systems, more specifically on the tracking of vehicles and goods. In this sense, four practical cases of interest to the private sector and other inspection bodies are identified and detailed: identification of the traffic of overloaded vehicles on highways; identification of transport of hazardous products in urban areas; tracking of high value-added goods by companies; and prior knowledge of the flow of goods for loading and unloading planning in warehouses, ports and airports. It also addresses a practical case of useful tracking for the tax administration itself, the so-called \"virtual borders\". Finally, it presents the minimum technical specification for the implementation of the four practical cases of tracing, which will serve both the Treasury Department and the agencies and companies interested in the information contained in the electronic documents.

As empresas de navegação que operam com transporte de contêineres têm como desafio alocar a quantidade de navios, com características específicas (entre elas capacidade de transporte e velocidade), em uma rota dedicada, atendendo à demanda em um determinado período. Para tanto, é também necessário que sejam disponibilizados aos clientes uma frota de contêineres, que serão retirados nos depósitos de vazios, carregados nas origens e enviados aos portos de embarque para serem transportados pela frota, em ciclo fechado, aos outros terminais que compõem a rota, de acordo com a matriz de cargas de cada navio. Esse trabalho apresenta um modelo de simulação para o dimensionamento da quantidade de contêineres necessária para operar junto a uma frota de navios que atende determinada rota (em ciclo fechado) ao mesmo tempo em que se consideram as operações de carregamento e esvaziamento dos contêineres junto aos clientes, em terra. Além deste modelo de simulação, apresenta-se um processo de busca por melhores soluções apresenta resultados que minimizem a frota de contêineres à disposição da empresa. Os principais parâmetros estudados são: o tempo de retenção de contêineres nos clientes (seja para carregamento ou descarregamento dos mesmos), os estoques iniciais de contêineres nos portos e o reposicionamento de contêineres vazios entre os terminais que compõem a rota. Os resultados apresentados mostraram que a técnica de simulação aplicada a este problema possibilitou o dimensionamento proposto, além de avaliar a sensibilidade do sistema em relação a estes principais parâmetros. / Shipping companies operating with container transportation have the challenge of allocating an amount of ships with specific features (including transport capacity and speed), in determined route, and attend the demand in a given period. For such, it is also necessary to make a container fleet available to the customers, which will be removed in the empty warehouse, loaded in the origins and sent to ports to be transported by the ships, in closed cycle, to other terminals that compose the route, according to the loading matrix of each ship. This work presents a simulation model to dimension the quantity of containers required to operate with a ship fleet that attends determined route (in closed loop) and at the same time considers the loading operations and emptying of containers with customers, on land. It is presented a process of searching for better solutions provides results that minimize the container fleet at its disposal The main parameters studied are: retention time of containers with clients (either for loading or unloading operations), initial container stocks in ports and repositioning of empty containers between the terminals that compose the route. The results showed that the simulation technique applied to this problem allowed the proposed dimensioning, in addition to assessing the sensitivity of the system in relation to these key parameters.

Os documentos fiscais eletrônicos estão implantados no Brasil desde 2006, e significaram relevante modernização na forma como as operações comerciais são documentadas no país. Contudo, apesar de possuírem informações que transcendem a fiscalização tributária, a legislação brasileira impõe o chamado \"sigilo fiscal\", restringindo o acesso a esses documentos apenas à administração tributária. Nesse sentido, o trabalho tem os objetivos de analisar o conceito e os contornos do sigilo fiscal imposto pela legislação brasileira e propor aplicações práticas de como as informações constantes nos documentos fiscais eletrônicos poderiam ser utilizadas pelos demais órgãos públicos e pela iniciativa privada. Dentre os diversos usos potenciais o trabalho foca no tema de sistemas logísticos, mais especificamente no que se refere ao rastreamento de veículos e mercadorias. Nesse sentido são apresentados e detalhados quatro casos práticos de interesse para a iniciativa privada e outros órgãos de fiscalização: identificação do trânsito de veículos de carga com excesso de peso em rodovias; identificação do transporte de produtos perigosos em áreas urbanas; rastreamento de mercadorias de alto valor agregado pelas empresas; e o conhecimento prévio do fluxo de mercadorias, para fins de planejamento de carga e descarga em armazéns, portos e aeroportos. Aborda, também, um caso prático de rastreamento útil para a própria administração tributária, as chamadas \"fronteiras virtuais\". Apresenta, por fim, a especificação técnica mínima para a implantação dos quatro casos práticos de rastreamento, que servirá tanto para a Secretaria da Fazenda como para os órgãos e empresas interessados nas informações contidas nos documentos eletrônicos. / Electronic tax documents have been implemented in Brazil since 2006, and have meant a relevant modernization in the way commercial operations are documented in the country. However, despite having information that transcends tax inspection, Brazilian law imposes so-called \"fiscal secrecy\", restricting access to these documents only to the tax administration. In this sense, the objectives of this paper are to analyze the concept and the contours of fiscal secrecy imposed by Brazilian legislation and propose practical applications of how the information contained in electronic tax documents can be used by other public agencies and private initiative. Among the various potential uses, the work focuses on the topic of logistics systems, more specifically on the tracking of vehicles and goods. In this sense, four practical cases of interest to the private sector and other inspection bodies are identified and detailed: identification of the traffic of overloaded vehicles on highways; identification of transport of hazardous products in urban areas; tracking of high value-added goods by companies; and prior knowledge of the flow of goods for loading and unloading planning in warehouses, ports and airports. It also addresses a practical case of useful tracking for the tax administration itself, the so-called \"virtual borders\". Finally, it presents the minimum technical specification for the implementation of the four practical cases of tracing, which will serve both the Treasury Department and the agencies and companies interested in the information contained in the electronic documents.

The growing demand for products and services puts great pressure on logistics performance and enhances the role that logistics plays in determining a company’s competitiveness. This research focuses on internal logistics systems, which includes all logistics activities and processes within the physical limits of an isolated company. Internal logistics is vital for the overall function of many companies. However, despite its importance, this part of logistics has traditionally not been viewed or developed in a strategic way. Since internal logistics activities are often characterized by a high degree of manual handling and hence strongly affect the cost of operations, there is a large incentive for improvements in this area.   One possible way to improve an internal logistics system is with the help of automation. In many areas, automation is a well-known means to increase productivity and cut costs, thus improving competitiveness. However, automation is not commonly used within internal logistics activities, and there is a lack of knowledge and research within this new application area. The main objective of this research, therefore, is to contribute to an increased understanding of how automation can be used to develop competitive internal logistics systems. Four empirical studies have been performed to investigate how companies perceive and work with their internal logistics systems, specifically in terms of improvements using automation. The empirical studies also aimed at identifying and describing how the studied companies could benefit from automation within internal logistics activities. From the studies, the importance of assessing and being aware of the current state of logistics performance was discovered as a basic requirement that needs to be fulfilled before conducting improvement work. Further, one of the main overall conclusions from this research is the need for a logistics strategy that includes goals and plans for the operation and development of an internal logistics system. As a result of the research, a structure and procedure for the development of a logistics strategy and a framework for conducting an improvement process in internal logistics using automation were developed. / Lean Automation

In today&rsquo / s conditions, systems that surround individuals have evolved in structure such that, nature of variable interactions are much more complex and changing continuously. Logistics systems, which constitute an example for such systems, have also necessitated fast management and decision-making in a fast paced environment, under limited sources with the additional effect of increasing customer requirements and competition. These conditions require a dynamic analysis. In this study, system dynamics approach was shown to be a competent alternative to analyze complex and dynamic systems like logistics systems and its cost structure studied. A theoretical logistics model with a user interface is presented. Then the developed model implemented in an organization operating in aluminum industry by making the required modifications. A scenario analysis regarding a new investment decision studied. All analysis and modeling studies were carried out in Stella 6.0.1.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1985. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 300-307). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

In today&#039 / s conditions, systems that surround individuals have evolved in structure such that, nature of variable interactions are much more complex and changing continuously. Logistics systems, which constitute an example for such systems, have also necessitated fast management and decision-making in a fast paced environment, under limited sources with the additional effect of increasing customer requirements and competition. In this study, system dynamics approach was shown to be a competent alternative to analyze complex and dynamic systems like logistics systems and its cost structure is studied. A theoretical logistics model with a user interface is presented. Then the developed model implemented in an organization operating in aluminum industry by making the required modifications. A scenario analysis regarding a new investment decision studied. All analysis and modeling studies were carried out in Stella 6.0.1.

[pt] Na indústria de produtos de limpeza, o serviço ao cliente pode ser um importante fator competitivo. O objetivo central deste trabalho é, através de um estudo de caso, mostrar como a consolidação de cargas pode proporcionar, com pouco investimento, ganhos consideráveis na distribuição física, reduzindo o custo de frete e, simultaneamente, elevando o nível de serviço ao cliente. O caso apresentado contrasta com a maioria dos encontrados na literatura, que indicam a necessidade de investimentos substanciais e um claro antagonismo entre os objetivos de redução de custos e de melhoria do nível de serviço. O estudo de caso é apresentado de forma didática e a análise feita dentro do contexto industrial, de modo a servir a propósitos educacionais. Este trabalho também visa expor a metodologia utilizada no desenvolvimento do projeto analisado que pode ser adequada para outras empresas. / [en] In the cleaning products industry, the service to customers may be an important competitive factor. The main objective of this study is to show, by means of a case study, how a load consolidation program demanding little investment may yield considerable benefits to the physical distribution by reducing freight cost and, at the same time, increasing the customer service level. This case study contrasts with most of the studies found in literature that indicate substantial investment requirements and a clear opposition between the goals related to cost saving and customer service level increase. The case study is presented didactically and its analysis conducted within the industrial context in order to serve educational purposes. This study also intends to expose the methodology used for developing the load consolidation project analyzed that may be applicable to other companies.

As empresas de navegação que operam com transporte de contêineres têm como desafio alocar a quantidade de navios, com características específicas (entre elas capacidade de transporte e velocidade), em uma rota dedicada, atendendo à demanda em um determinado período. Para tanto, é também necessário que sejam disponibilizados aos clientes uma frota de contêineres, que serão retirados nos depósitos de vazios, carregados nas origens e enviados aos portos de embarque para serem transportados pela frota, em ciclo fechado, aos outros terminais que compõem a rota, de acordo com a matriz de cargas de cada navio. Esse trabalho apresenta um modelo de simulação para o dimensionamento da quantidade de contêineres necessária para operar junto a uma frota de navios que atende determinada rota (em ciclo fechado) ao mesmo tempo em que se consideram as operações de carregamento e esvaziamento dos contêineres junto aos clientes, em terra. Além deste modelo de simulação, apresenta-se um processo de busca por melhores soluções apresenta resultados que minimizem a frota de contêineres à disposição da empresa. Os principais parâmetros estudados são: o tempo de retenção de contêineres nos clientes (seja para carregamento ou descarregamento dos mesmos), os estoques iniciais de contêineres nos portos e o reposicionamento de contêineres vazios entre os terminais que compõem a rota. Os resultados apresentados mostraram que a técnica de simulação aplicada a este problema possibilitou o dimensionamento proposto, além de avaliar a sensibilidade do sistema em relação a estes principais parâmetros. / Shipping companies operating with container transportation have the challenge of allocating an amount of ships with specific features (including transport capacity and speed), in determined route, and attend the demand in a given period. For such, it is also necessary to make a container fleet available to the customers, which will be removed in the empty warehouse, loaded in the origins and sent to ports to be transported by the ships, in closed cycle, to other terminals that compose the route, according to the loading matrix of each ship. This work presents a simulation model to dimension the quantity of containers required to operate with a ship fleet that attends determined route (in closed loop) and at the same time considers the loading operations and emptying of containers with customers, on land. It is presented a process of searching for better solutions provides results that minimize the container fleet at its disposal The main parameters studied are: retention time of containers with clients (either for loading or unloading operations), initial container stocks in ports and repositioning of empty containers between the terminals that compose the route. The results showed that the simulation technique applied to this problem allowed the proposed dimensioning, in addition to assessing the sensitivity of the system in relation to these key parameters.