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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A micromachined magnetic field sensor for low power electronic compass applications

Choi, Seungkeun 09 April 2007 (has links)
A micromachined magnetic field sensing system capable of measuring the direction of the Earths magnetic field has been fabricated, measured, and characterized. The system is composed of a micromachined silicon resonator combined with a permanent magnet, excitation and sensing coils, and a magnetic feedback loop. Electromagnetic excitation of the mechanical resonator enables it to operate with very low power consumption and low excitation voltage. The interaction between an external magnetic field surrounding the sensor and the permanent magnet generates a rotating torque on the silicon resonator disc, changing the effective stiffness of the beams and therefore the resonant frequency of the sensor. MEMS-based mechanically-resonant sensors, in which the sensor resonant frequency shifts in response to the measurand, are widely utilized. Such sensors are typically operated in their linear resonant regime. However, substantial improvements in resonant sensor performance can be obtained by designing the sensors to operate far into their nonlinear regime. This effect is illustrated through the use of a magnetically-torqued, rotationally-resonant MEMS platform. Platform structural parameters such as beam width and number of beams are parametrically varied subject to the constraint of constant small-deflection resonant frequency. Nonlinear performance improvement characterization is performed both analytically as well as with Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation, and confirmed with measurement results. These nonlinearity based sensitivity enhancement mechanisms are utilized in the device design. The complete magnetic sensing system consumes less than 200 microwatts of power in continuous operation, and is capable of sensing the direction of the Earths magnetic field. Such low power consumption levels enable continuous magnetic field sensing for portable electronics and potentially wristwatch applications, thereby enabling personal navigation and motion sensing functionalities. A total system power consumption of 138W and a resonator actuation voltage of 4mVpp from the 1.2V power supply have been demonstrated with capability of measuring the direction of the Earths magnetic field. Sensitivities of 0.009, 0.086, and 0.196 [mHz/(Hz and #903;degree)] for the Earths magnetic field were measured for 3, 4, and 6 beam structures, respectively.
2

Low-Power Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta Modulator for GSM

Liu, Jun-hong 12 July 2012 (has links)
Continuous-time sigma-delta modulator can be applied to wireless communications, photography and MP3 player. Portable electronics products became mainstream the design of a low power consumption analog circuit become important. Therefore, this paper presents a low power consumption continuous-time sigma-delta modulator. The low-power continuous-time sigma-delta modulator includes one-bit quantizer and a third-order loop filter consisting of resistor-capacitor integrators. Through the modified Z-transform, the discrete time loop filter design is transformed to the continuous time loop filter design. The proposed sigma-delta modulator used TSMC 0.18£gm CMOS 1P6M standard process, and its supply voltage is 1V, oversampling ratio is 32, bandwidth is 200 KHz, effective number is 13bit, power consumption is 1.5mW. Keywords: GSM, low power consumption, low power supply, continuous-time, sigma-delta modulator.
3

Efficient Bi-Directional Communications for Low-Power Wireless Mesh Network / 低消費電力無線メッシュネットワークにおける高能率双方向通信

Okumura, Ryota 23 March 2021 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第23328号 / 情博第764号 / 新制||情||130(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科通信情報システム専攻 / (主査)教授 原田 博司, 教授 守倉 正博, 教授 大木 英司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM
4

Wearable Fall Detection using Barometric Pressure Sensor

Liu, Congrui January 2017 (has links)
Wearable wireless sensor devices, which are implemented by deploying sensor nodes on objects, are widely utilized in a broad field of applica-tions, especially in the healthcare system for improving the quality of life or monitoring different types of physical data from the observed objects. The aim of this study is to design an in-home, small-size and long-term wearable fall detection system in wireless network by using barometric pressure sensing for elderly or patient who needs healthcare monitoring. This threshold-based fall detection system is to measure the altitude of different positions on the human body, and detect the fall event from that altitude information. As a surveillance system, it would trigger an alert when the fall event occurs so that to protect people from the potential life risk by immediate rescue and treatment. After all the performances evaluation, the measurement result shows that standing, sitting and fall state was detected with 100% accuracy and lying on bed state was detected with 93.3% accuracy by using this wireless fall detection system. Furthermore, this system with low power consumption on battery-node can operate continuously up to 150 days.
5

Polymer NdFeB Hard Magnetic Scanner for Biomedical Scanning Applications

Pallapa Venkataram, Manu Gopal January 2014 (has links)
Micromirror scanners are the most significant of the micro-optical actuator elements with applications in portable digital displays, automotive head-up displays, barcode scanners, optical switches and scanning optical devices in the health care arena for external scanning diagnostics and in vivo scanning diagnostics. Recent development in microscanning technology has seen a shift from conventional electrostatic actuation to electromagnetic actuation mechanisms with major advantages in the ability to produce large scan angles with low voltages, remote actuation, the absence of the pull-in failure mode and the acceptable electrical safety compared to their electrostatic counterparts. Although attempts have been made to employ silicon substrate based MEMS deposition techniques for magnetic materials, the quality and performance of the magnets are poor compared to commercial magnets. In this project, we have developed novel low-cost single and dual-axis polymer hard magnetic micromirror scanners with large scan angles and low power consumption by employing the hybrid fabrication technique of squeegee coating to combine the flexibility of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the superior magnetic performance of fine particle isotropic NdFeB micropowders. PCB coils produce the Lorentz force required to actuate the mirror for scanning applications. The problem of high surface roughness, low radius of curvature and the magnetic field interaction between the gimbal frame and the mirror have been solved by a part PDMS-part composite fabrication process. Optimum magnetic, electrical and time dependent parameters have been characterized for the high performance operating conditions of the micromirror scanner. The experimental results have been demonstrated to verify the large scan angle actuation of the micromirror scanners at low power consumption.
6

Stratégies d'optimisation de la consommation pour un système sur puce encodeur H.264 / Power optimization strategies within a H.264 encoding system-on-chip

Nguyen, Ngoc-Mai 29 June 2015 (has links)
La consommation d'énergie des systèmes sur puces induit des contraintes fortes lors de leur conception. Elle affecte la fiabilité du système, le coût du refroidissement de la plateforme, et la durée de vie de la batterie lorsque le circuit est alimenté par des batteries. En fait, avec la diminution de la tailles de la technologie des semi-conducteurs, l'optimisation de la puissance consommée est devenue un enjeu majeur, au même titre que le coût lié à la surface silicium et l'optimisation des performances, en particulier pour les applications mobiles. Des puces codec vidéo dédiées ont été utilisés dans diverses applications telles que les systèmes de vidéoconférence, de sécurité et de surveillance, ou encore et des applications de divertissement. Pour répondre aux contraintes des applications mobiles en termes de performance et de consommation énergétique, le codec vidéo est généralement implémenté en matériel plutôt qu'en logiciel, ce qui permet de garantir les contraintes d'efficacité énergétique et de traitement en temps réel. L'une des normes les plus efficaces pour les applications vidéo est aujourd'hui la norme H.264 Encodage Vidéo Avancé (H.264/AVC), qui offre une meilleure qualité vidéo à un débit binaire plus bas que les normes précédentes. Pour pouvoir effectivement intégrer cette norme dans des produits commerciaux, en particulier pour les appareils mobiles, lors de la conception du codec vidéo en matériel, les concepteurs devront utiliser des approches spécifiques de conception de circuits basse consommation et implanter des mécanismes de contrôle de la consommation. Cette thèse de doctorat s'est déroulée dans le cadre de la conception de l'encoder matériel au format H.264, appelé plateforme VENGME. La plateforme est découpée en différents modules et le module EC-NAL a été développé durant la thèse, en prenant en compte différentes solutions apparues dans la littérature pour minimiser la consommation de ce module. Les résultats en simulation montrent que le module EC-NAL présente de meilleurs résultats d'un point de vue consommation que ses concurrents de la littérature. L'architecture de la plateforme VENGME a ensuite été analysée, et des simulations au niveau RTL ont été menées pour évaluer sa consommation globale. Il en est ressorti une possibilité de diminuer encore plus la consommation de la plateforme matérielle en contrôlant la fréquence de certains modules. Cette approche a été appliquée au module EC-NAL qui possède en interne une FIFO. Dont le niveau peut être contrôlé en ajustant la fréquence d'horloge du côté du sous-module NAL. Cela a donc conduit à implémenter une approche d'adaptation automatique de la fréquence en fonction du niveau de remplissage de la FIFO. Le contrôleur a été implémenté en matériel et la stabilité du système bouclé a été étudiée. Les résultats en simulation montrent l'intérêt de la démarche adoptée qui devra être étendue à l'ensemble de la plateforme. / Power consumption for Systems-on-Chip induces strong constraints on their design. Power consumption affects the system reliability, cooling cost, and battery lifetime for Systems-on-Chips powered by battery. With the pace of semiconductor technology, power optimization has become a tremendous challenging issue together with Silicon area and/or performance optimization, especially for mobile applications. Video codec chips are used in various applications ranging for video conferencing, security and monitoring systems, but also entertainment applications. To meet the performance and power consumptions constraints encountered for mobile applications, video codecs are favorably preferred to be implemented in hardware rather than in software. This hardware implementation will lead to better power efficiency and real-time requirements. Nowadays, one of the most efficient standards for video applications is the H.264 Advanced Video Coding (H.264/AVC) which provides better video quality at a lower bit-rate than the previous standards. To bring the standard into commercial products, especially for hand-held devices, designers need to apply design approaches dedicated to low-power circuits. They also need to implement mechanisms to control the circuit power consumption. This PhD thesis is conducted in the framework of the VENGME H.264/AVC hardware encoder design. The platform is split in several modules and the VENGME Entropy Coder and bytestream Network Abstraction Layer data packer (EC-NAL) module has been designed during this PhD thesis, taking into account and combining several state-of-the-art solutions to minimise the power consumption. From simulation results, it has been seen that the EC-NAL module presents better power figures than the already published solutions. Then, the VENGME H.264 encoder architecture has been analyzed and power estimations at RTL level have been performed to extract the platform power figures. Then, from these power figures, it has been decided to implement power control on the EC-NAL module. This latter contains a FIFO whose level can be controlled via an appropriate scaling of the clock frequency on the NAL side, which leads to the implementation of a Dynamic Frequency Scaling (DFS) approach based on the control of the FIFO occupancy level. The control law has been implemented in hardware (full-custom) and the closed-loop system stability has been studied. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed DVS strategy that should be extended to the whole H.264 encoder platform.
7

Sensor de pressão microeletronico baseado no efeito piezoMOS / Microelectronic pressure sensor based on the piezoMOS effect

Garcia, Vitor 21 February 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Fabiano Fruett / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T06:47:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_Vitor_M.pdf: 2431852 bytes, checksum: 99df32075176f9b0322278b0ce286ba5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Apresentamos neste trabalho um sensor de pressão de baixo consumo de potência. totalmente compatível com o processo de fabricação CMOS. constituído por um amplificador operacional sensível ao estresse mecânico fabricado sobre uma membrana. O desenho do layout do amplificador é feito de forma a maximizar o efeito do estresse sobre os transistores do par de entrada e minimizar sobre o restante do circuito. O projeto da membrana. bem como a localização dos elementos sensores sobre a mesma. Foram determinados através de simulação por elementos finitos. O sensor foi fabricado utilizando o processo CMOS 0.35 IJ.m AMS disponibilizado pelo Projeto Multi-Usuário (PMU) Fapesp. A membrana do sensor foi obtida através de um processo de desbaste mecânico da pastilha de silício onde o circuito foi fabricado. Analisamos também a dependência da tensão de limiar e da mobilidade de um transistor PMOS com relação ao estresse mecânico. O sensor fabricado apresentou um consumo de potência da ordem de 3 IJ. W e uma sensibilidade de 8.9 mV/psi / Abstract: A nove I Iow power totally CMOS compatible mechanical-stress sensitive differential amplifier. which can be used as a pressure sensor. is presented. This amplifier is based on a special designed layout where the stress sensitivity of the input differential pair. is maximized and the stress effects on the second stage are minimized. Finite element simulation was used to design the membrane and to locate the element sensor on it. The sensor was fabricated in a CMOS 0.35 IJ.m AMS process supported by the Fapesp Multi -User Project. In order to make a pressure sensor without a backside bulk micro-machining process. the thickness of the die was reduced by a mechanical polishing process. This work also analised the limiar-voltage and the mobility dependence with regard to mechanical stress. The sensor power consumption amounts to 3 IJ. W and the sensitivity amounts to 8.9 m V/psi / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
8

Architectures multi-bandes en mode impulsionnel et circuits pour des applications nomades très haut débit autour de 60GHz / Multi-band impulse transceiver architectures and circuits dedicated to high data rates low power 60 GHz applications

Abdaoui, Rahma 10 December 2012 (has links)
Avec la croissance actuelle du marché des applications de transfert de données multimédia à très haut débit, les bandes de fréquences autour de 60 GHz sont une nouvelle alternative promettant des performances intéressantes en terme de débits mais soulèvent des défis techniques et technologiques au niveau des architectures et circuits. C'est dans ce cadre que s'inscrit cette thèse, qui propose une approche multi bande impulsionnelle MBOOK avec un récepteur à détection d'énergie, et qui analyse plus spécifiquement les verrous au niveau de l'émetteur. L'étude du canal de propagation à 60 GHz, basée sur les modèles de canaux du standard IEEE 802.15.3c, a permis de démontrer la potentialité de cette architecture et permet d'atteindre des débits de 2 Gbps à 2metres dans un environnement de type résidentiel. Le dimensionnement de l'architecture ainsi que des performances des principaux blocs ont conduit à plusieurs possibilités pour l'architecture de l'émetteur MBOOK à 60 GHz. Les critères ont été d'assurer un compromis performances, consommation. Une étude approfondie sur l'étude des imperfections de certains blocs critiques et l'impact sur l'impulsion transmise, et donc sur les performances du système ont été établies. Le banc de filtres, nécessaire à l'émission et à la réception, représente l'un des verrous, et nous proposons une solution de filtrage à base de lignes couplées. L'étude des solutions de génération d'impulsions, des étages de commutation, et des étages d'amplification de l'émetteur sont détaillées et discutées dans les deux derniers chapitres / With the current increasing market request concerning high speed data rates applications, the 60 GHz frequency bands seems to be one of the new promising alternatives for high data rate wireless communications. In this context, the development of new systems operating at these frequencies becomes a very attractive research subject. This study focuses on nomadic systems offering high data and reconfigurable rates, low complexity, low power consumption for short communications. One of the important tasks in the millimetre wave architecture design is to consider the channel propagation characteristics simultaneously with the technological performance of integrated circuits and antennas. This requires a co-design of the entire system. Therefore, we begun by studying the characteristics of the channel propagation channel at 60GHz according to the IEEE 802.15.3c and IEEE 802.11.ad models. This PHD thesis proposes a new transceiver architecture based on multi-band impulse mode, with On Off Keying modulation schema and non coherent receiver. This architecture is dedicated to nomadic systems offering high data and reconfigurable rates, low complexity, low power consumption for short communications. Analysis and performances for the proposed architecture are presented. More than 2 Gbps at 2 m are obtained. The imperfections of some critical blocks and their impact on the transmitted pulses were analysed and thus the performance of the system has been established. The potentiality of microstrip band pass filter bank presenting a constant relative bandwidth and reasonable insertion losses is presented in this study. The study of pulse generation solutions, switchers, amplification stages and antennas are detailed and discussed in the last two chaptersconstant relative bandwidth and reasonable insertion losses is presented in this study.The study of pulse generation solutions, switchers, amplification stages and antennas are detailed and discussed in the last two chapters.
9

Conception et optimisation de circuits électroniques communicants pour une intégration au format carte bancaire : application à une serrure de vélo à assistance électrique / Design and optimization of communicating electronic circuits for an integration in a credit card size

Lahmani, Fatine 12 February 2014 (has links)
Depuis son apparition dans les années 70, les cartes à puce ont envahi le marché mondial, leur utilisation n'a cessé d'augmenter et de se diversifier. Sans forcément nous en rendre compte, chacun de nous en a plusieurs dans son portefeuille, son sac, son attaché-case… Toutes ces cartes ont pour point commun le fait de contenir des informations sur son titulaire qui servent à son identification dans les différentes actions qu'il souhaite effectuer. Ces informations sont présentes sur la piste magnétique et/ou la puce embarquée dans la carte. Avec les progrès technologiques actuels et plus précisément la miniaturisation des composants électroniques, nous sommes de plus en plus amenés à voir des composants complexes embarqués dans des cartes à puce pour satisfaire des besoins en ressources plus grands pour des applications de plus en plus sophistiquées. L'utilisation croissante du nombre des systèmes embarqués sur une carte à puce amène à prendre en compte différentes contraintes lors de la conception. Tout d'abord, il y a celles liées aux systèmes embarqués standards, telles que la surface, la consommation et la rapidité d'exécution. Ensuite viennent celles liées à la carte à puce en elle-même, des spécificités liées à l'épaisseur et aux contraintes mécaniques. On retrouve également des contraintes de consommation et de surface. L'apparition du sans-contact a révolutionné le domaine de la carte à puce. Plus besoin d'introduire la carte dans un lecteur pour lire les informations. Les données ne transitent plus par la puce mais via l'air grâce à une antenne intégrée. Il suffit de se trouver à proximité du lecteur sans forcément sortir la carte de poche ou du sac. Elles sont connues sous le nom de cartes RFID pour Radio Frequency Identification ou identifiction par radio fréquence. D'autres contraintes de conception sont alors apparues : choix de la fréquence à laquelle va se faire la communication et l'échange des données, la géométrie de l'antenne, le choix du tag… Tous les composants ont besoin d'une source d'alimentation. Les circuits RFID basiques dits passifs puisent leur énergie dans le champ magnétique produit à proximité du lecteur mais la complexité de certains circuits nécessite la présence d'une source d'alimentation intégrée dans la carte, dans ce cas les circuits sont désignés par actifs. En général, ce sont des batteries fines et flexibles qui sont utilisées. Là aussi, la technologie a fait d'immenses progrès et des batteries plus fines et avec de plus grandes capacités voient le jour. Ce sont ces batteries qui viennent alimenter les composants de la carte. Tous ces éléments constituent un véritable circuit électronique.Cette thèse industrielle a pour but dans un premier temps de concevoir un circuit électronique embarqué dans une carte au format bancaire en répondant à un cahier des charges bien défini tout en prenant en compte les différentes contraintes imposées par ce format. Ce circuit se devra d'être flexible, autonome et consommant le moins d'énergie possible. Dans un deuxième temps, une fois le produit réalisé et validé le but est de l'optimiser en proposant des solutions afin de faire gagner du temps en amont de la conception par exemple ou en proposant des modèles simples mais qui prennent en compte toutes les contraintes liées à ce type d'applications. / Since its emergence in the 70s , smart cards have invaded the world market , their use has been steadily increasing and diversifying . Without necessarily realizing it , each of us has more than one in his wallet, bag, his briefcase ...All these cards have in common the fact of containing information about the holder, which can be used for identification in the different activities they want to perform . These information is present on the magnetic stripe and / or on the chip embedded in the card. With current technology and more specifically the miniaturization of electronic components , we are seeing complex components embedded in smart cards to meet greater needs for resources for applications increasingly sophisticated .The increasing use of on-board on a smart card systems leads to take into account various constraints in the design . Firstly, there are those related to embedded systems standards , such as the area, consumption and speed of execution. Followed by those related to the smart card itself , specificities related to the thickness and mechanical stress . There are also the constraints of consumption and surface.The appearance of non-contact has revolutionized the field of smart card. No more Need to insert the card into a reader to get the information . The data are not routed by the chip but via air through an integrated antenna. You have to be near the reader without necessarily take the card out of a pocket. They are known as RFID cards for Radio Frequency Identification.Other design constraints then appeared : the choice of the frequency communication for data exchange, the geometry of the antenna , the choice of the tag ...All components require a power source . The basic circuits called passive RFID draw their energy from the magnetic field near the reader but the complexity of certain circuits requires the presence of an integrated power supply into the card, in this case the circuits are called active tags. In general , thin and flexible batteries are used. Again , technology has made tremendous progress and finer batteries with larger capacities emerged. All these elements constitute a real electronic circuit.This industrial thesis aims firstly to design an electronic circuit embedded in a bank card format meets the specifications defined taking into account the various constraints imposed by this format.This circuit must be flexible , autonomous and consuming the least possible energy.In a second step , once the product is produced and validated the goal is to optimize it proposing solutions to save time upstream design example or offering simple models, but taking into account all the constraints associated with this type of applications.
10

Gestion dynamique de la consommation de récepteurs RF : intégration de fronts-end RF ultra faible consommation / Dynamic management of the consumption of RF receivers : integration of ultra low power RF front-end

Ben Amor, Inès 17 May 2016 (has links)
L’émergence de l’internet des objets (IoT), les applications de types réseaux de capteurs et les nouveaux réseaux pour les objets nécessite le développement d’un nouvel écosystème. De nos jours, elle bouscule plusieurs secteurs de notre société. Cela, sollicite la conception des émetteurs-récepteurs radios fréquence à basse consommation étant donné que la réduction de la consommation d’énergie présente une contrainte importante dans le cas de ces applications afin d’obtenir une autonomie accrue. Dans ce contexte l’objet des travaux de thèse est de proposer des techniques de réduction de la consommation des récepteurs radio fréquence tout en cherchant à minimiser l’impact de ces techniques sur les performances des récepteurs réalisés. Dans l’optique de réaliser un démonstrateur composé d’un émetteur récepteur permettant une transmission vidéo, deux récepteurs UWB impulsionnel non cohérent à gestion dynamique d’énergie ont été réalisés en technologie HCMOS9 0.13µm de STMicroelectronics. Dans un premier temps, une étude des techniques de gestion dynamique d’alimentation sur les circuits analogiques radio fréquences a été proposée. Cette étude a été menée sur différents circuits qui semblent être le plus utilisés en conception de circuits analogiques à hautes fréquences. La technique proposée permet d’allumer et éteindre les circuits entre deux impulsions reçues afin de réduire leur consommation. L’application de cette technique nécessite par ailleurs une réduction du temps de latence causé par l’allumage et les extinctions des fonctions radio fréquence. Dans ce cas, un modèle permettant de minimiser l’impact de l’effet d’encapsulation a été proposé. / The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), sensors networks and new networks to objects requires the development of a new ecosystem. Nowadays, it upsets many sectors of our society. It solicits design of low power radio transceivers as reducing energy consumption presents a major constraint in the case of these applications in order to obtain greater autonomy. In this context, the purpose of the thesis is to provide techniques allowing reducing the power consumption of radio frequency receivers while seeking to minimize the impact of these technologies on the performance of the achieved receiver. In order to realize a demonstrator consists of a transmitter and receiver for video transmission, two UWB receivers with dynamic power management have been made in 0.13µm HCMOS9 technology from STMicroelectronics. First, a study of dynamic power management techniques on analog radio frequency circuits was proposed. This study was conducted on different circuits that seem to be the most used in design of analog circuits at high frequencies. The proposed technique allows to turn on and off the circuit between two pulses received to reduce their consumption. The application of this technique also requires a reduction of the latency caused by the ignition and the extinction radio frequency functions. In this case, a model to minimize the impact of the encapsulating effect has been proposed. Secondly, the first receiver was performed for 6-10GHz frequency band and implements dynamic power management using the technique of "Power Gating".

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