This dissertation presents the fundamental theory and design procedure of the sub-Nyquist rate sampling receiver front-end that exploits signal sparsity by employing Compressive Sensing (CS) techniques. The CS receiver serves as an Analog-to-Information Conversion (AIC) system that works at sampling rates much lower than the Nyquist rate. The performance of a parallel path CS front-end structure that employs current mode sampling techniques is quantified analytically. Useful and fundamental design guidelines that are unique to CS are provided based on the analytical tools. Simulations with IBM 90nm CMOS process verify the theoretical derivations and the circuit implementations. Based on these results, it is shown that instantaneous receiver signal bandwidth of 1.5 GHz and 44 dB of signal to noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR) are achievable in simulations assuming 0.5 ps clock jitter is present. The ADC and front-end core power consumption is estimated to be 120.8 mW. The front-end is fabricated with IBM 90nm CMOS process, and a BPSK sub-Nyquist rate communication system is realized as a prototype in the testing. A 1.25 GHz reference clock with 4.13 ps jitter variance is employed in the test bench. The signal frequency, phase and amplitude can be correctly reconstructed, and the maximum signal SNR obtained in the testing is 40 dB with single tone input and 30 dB with multi-tones test. The CS system has a better FOM than state-of-art Nyquist rate data acquisition systems taking into account the estimated PLL power.

Orientador: Caio Glauco Sanchez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T19:32:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Muraro_Wilson_M.pdf: 1394873 bytes, checksum: fc32a4e69a7d3e841edaf12eb62d7411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Hoje no mundo há uma grande rejeição de matériais, resíduos e outros compostos orgânicos que podem ser aproveitados como fontes de energia. Exemplos podem ser observados em todo o mundo e principalmente em regiões onde a pobreza impera e que a energia elétrica pode ser de grande ajuda ou mesmo como um salva vidas. O emprego de pequenas centrais de geração de potencia integradas a um gaseificador comum motor de combustão interna (Integrated Gasefication Combustion EngineI GCE) do ciclo OTTO e adaptado para operar com gás de baixo poder calorífico, constitui uma alternativa interessante e economicamente viável,que possibilita a produção independente de energia elétrica e térmica (Marcelo,2004). Para o aproveitamento de resíduos de BIOMASSA,como a casca de arroz, utilizou-se um processo de gaseificação,que é uma técnica que possibilita o uso energético da biomassa através da obtenção de um gás de baixo poder calorífico (4a6 MJ/Nm33). Utilizou-se um gaseificador de leito fluidizado do Laboratório de combustão da FEM,onde foi instalado um motor de 5965 litros de cilindrada total e 6 cilindros, com taxa de compressão 12:1, do ciclo OTTO, que originalmente é utilizado em veículos movidos a gás natural comprimido. Obteve se os seguintes valores nos ensaios: Potência (kW)=40.7@ 1800 rpm, Avanço(Graus do virabrequim )=30;Temperatura de Escapamento (°C) =596; Lambda =1,12; Pressão Máxima de Combustão (PA) =4000000. Como funcionamento do motor, verificou se a necessidade de algumas alterações em seus componentes, como também mudanças nas regulagens de avanço. É necessário um sistema para aumentar a pressão do gás proveniente do gaseificador e um sistema de partida inicial. Dessa maneira teríamos um motor para operar como grupo gerador e fazer parte de uma planta piloto para geração de energia elétrica por gaseificação de biomassa / Abstract: Nowadays there is a great waste of organic matters, residues and other substances that could be used in a power plant. Examples can mainly be observed in the whole world and in regions where the poverty reigns and where the electric energy could be of great aid.The use of small power generation plants integrated to a gasification with an internal combustion engine (Integrated Gasification Combustion Engine-GCE) of cycle OTTO and adapted to operate with low power heat rate gas, consists an interesting and economical viable alternative, that makes possible the independent production of electric and thermal energy. For the exploitation of residues of BIOMASS, as the rice husk, we used a gasification process that is a form to increase the energy use of the biomass. The gasification can generate thermal energy and electric energy. It was used gasifier of fluidized bed from UNICAMP, where it was installed an engine with of 5,965 liters and 6 cylinders, with compression rate 12:1(cycle OTTO),which was originally used in vehicles powered by compressed natural gas, to running with the gas of low power heat rate (46 MJ/Nm3) produced by gasifier. Typical experimental result. Power (kW)=40,7@1800rpm; Advance (Degrees)=30; Exhaust gas temperature(°C)=596; Lambda=1,12; Maximum Combustion Pressure (PA)=4000000. During the running of the engine, the necessity of some alterations in some components was verified as well changes in the advance regulations. A system to increase the pressure of the gas proceeding from the gasifier and a system of start are necessary. In this way we would have an engine to operate as generating group and to be part of a pilot plant for generation of eletric energy for gasification of biomass in agricultural and interior cities / Mestrado / Termica e Fluidos / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Studiens syfte och frågeställningar är för att bidra med en ökad insikt om uppkomsten av maktpositioneringar i barns fria lek inomhus. Studien vill också ge en insikt om material har en påverkan när det kommer till barns makt i den fria leken inomhus. För att kunna få empiri kommer vi att använda oss av deltagande observationer. Observationerna underlättar för att infånga empiri om barns maktpositioneringar i den fria leken samt se om de materiella förutsättningarna har en påverkan när det kommer till den fria leken inomhus. Problemområdet som identifierats är maktpositionerna i den fira leken, då det oftast talas positivt om barns fria lek. Begränsar eller möjliggör den fria leken? Eller är den påverkad av barnens olika maktpositioneringar och statusar som sker i den fria leken? De teoretiska begreppen som kommer att användas i vår studie för att kunna utföra en tydlig analys är begrepp från Dolk (2013) tolkning av Foucaults teori om makt. Vi har använt av oss av Tullgrens (2004) tolkning av Foucaults teori för att få ett bredare perspektiv i vår analys. De begreppen vi kommer att använda i vår analys är makt, normer och motstånd. I studiens resultat påvisas det att det finns vissa maktpositioner inom barns fria lek. Maktpositionerna mellan barnen visar sig i lekar där en del barn intar en ledande position och ger sina kamrater olika roller i leken. Resultatet påvisar också på barns olika maktstatusar, och att vissa saknar makt i leken. Resultatet synliggör materialets påverkan när det kommer till makt i leken, då barnen använder leksaker och material för att styra andra barn i leken som sker.