Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 453-461). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Angola is currently the fifth-largest diamond producer in the world. Yet neither the politics nor the history of Angola's diamond trade receives much attention either in the Angolan scholarship or the thematic literature on the mining sector more generally. The gap in the literature is significant, for diamond companies produce far more than revenue and profits: for some one hundred years, the diamond sector has governed, policed, defended, and controlled the strategic, diamond-rich provinces of Lunda Sul and Lunda Norte. This thesis explores the historical trajectory of the diamond sector in the Lundas. It concentrates on the powerfully symbiotic relationship between the diamond sector and the state from the colonial period to the present time. Drawing on a wide range of untapped official documents as well as interviews, it argues that the diamond sector has functioned historically as the conduit through which the state projects its power and secures its interests in a strategic but hostile territory. The thesis further shows how the politics of resource control both define the state’s strategies towards the diamond sector and perpetuate the entrenched system of privatised governance that has existed in the Lundas for more than a century. The thesis builds upon both the historical and contemporary literature on the mining sector and the literature on state formation. It challenges the conventional notion that the persistent power of private companies in Africa is the result of state weakness or state absence, underlining instead how state leaders instrumentalise and empower companies according to their changing priorities. It also considers the implications of this case study more broadly through a cross-case analysis of mining politics elsewhere in Africa. In the process, this study provides an original approach to state–mining sector relations that is of relevance to scholars working on the politics and political economy of state-making and of resources extraction in Africa.

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This is a study of the eastern Lunda kingdom of Kazembe, the political history of which has never received detailed treatment despite its indisputable regional significance between the mid-eighteenth and the mid-nineteenth century. This work differs from most monographic studies of the history of the eastern savanna of Central Africa in its attempt to examine both the pre-colonial and the colonial experiences of the Kazembe kingdom. This approach reflects awareness of the manipulability of historical consciousness and the extent to which oral sources were moulded by the colonial context. The implementation of a flexible set of symbols and institutions of rule was the principal contribution of the rulers of the Kazembe kingdom to the political transformation of the territory to the east of the upper Lualaba River. It enabled them to wield a measure of influence over peripheral societies in both southern Katanga and the plateau to the east of the lower Luapula valley, the heartland of the kingdom and an ecological niche conducive to the development of political complexity and centralization. The disparity between the articulations of political control in the heartland and the periphery, together with the role of long-distance trade and the growing importance of external influences and threats, are essential to understand the decline of the power of the eastern Lunda in the second half of the nineteenth century. It was a much enervated polity which faced British and Belgian empire-builders in the last decade of the century. The kingdom was easily subdued, but the aspirations of its rulers lived on throughout the colonial period. An examination of the interactions between Lunda leaders, British officials and subjects of both shows that the royal family was better placed than the aristocracy to take advantage of the new political circumstances and answer the challenges of economic change and mission education. The furtherance of a new ethno-history was another manifestation of the fundamental adaptability of the royal family.

Esta tese de doutorado objetiva analisar a obra do escritor do escritor português Fernando Monteiro de Castro Soromenho (1910-1968). Em praticamente toda sua obra Castro Soromenho elegeu a Lunda, região do Nordeste de Angola, como seu objeto de investimento ficcional em seus romances, artigos jornalísticos e em trabalhos de caráter histórico. Neste trabalho investigamos como as representações acerca da Lunda e de seus povos nos aparecem como alegorias do pensamento colonial português, num período em que Estado Novo português apoiou e incentivou a produção de bens culturais para a constituição de uma mentalidade colonial. Em nossa perspectiva, ao contrário de perceber a literatura colonial da qual Soromenho faz parte como um reflexo da força do império português, a notamos como uma alegoria do fracasso do colonialismo português. O discurso literário de Soromenho teve por meta louvar e preencher as lacunas do sonho de um império colonial ido. / This thesis aims to analyze the work of the writer of the Portuguese writer Fernando Monteiro de Castro Soromenho (1910-1968). In virtually all his work Castro Soromenho elected Lunda region of north-east Angola, as their object of investment in fictional novels, newspaper articles and works of a historical character. In this work we investigate how representations about the Lunda and its people appear to us as allegories of the Portuguese colonial thought, at a time when the Portuguese New State supported and encouraged the production of cultural goods for the establishment of a colonial mentality. In our perspective, unlike perceive colonial literature which Soromenho part as a reflection of the strength of the Portuguese empire, the notice as an allegory of the failure of Portuguese colonialism. The literary discourse Soromenho goal was to praise and fill in the gaps of the dream of a colonial empire gone.

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 350-361).

Esta tese de doutorado objetiva analisar a obra do escritor do escritor português Fernando Monteiro de Castro Soromenho (1910-1968). Em praticamente toda sua obra Castro Soromenho elegeu a Lunda, região do Nordeste de Angola, como seu objeto de investimento ficcional em seus romances, artigos jornalísticos e em trabalhos de caráter histórico. Neste trabalho investigamos como as representações acerca da Lunda e de seus povos nos aparecem como alegorias do pensamento colonial português, num período em que Estado Novo português apoiou e incentivou a produção de bens culturais para a constituição de uma mentalidade colonial. Em nossa perspectiva, ao contrário de perceber a literatura colonial da qual Soromenho faz parte como um reflexo da força do império português, a notamos como uma alegoria do fracasso do colonialismo português. O discurso literário de Soromenho teve por meta louvar e preencher as lacunas do sonho de um império colonial ido. / This thesis aims to analyze the work of the writer of the Portuguese writer Fernando Monteiro de Castro Soromenho (1910-1968). In virtually all his work Castro Soromenho elected Lunda region of north-east Angola, as their object of investment in fictional novels, newspaper articles and works of a historical character. In this work we investigate how representations about the Lunda and its people appear to us as allegories of the Portuguese colonial thought, at a time when the Portuguese New State supported and encouraged the production of cultural goods for the establishment of a colonial mentality. In our perspective, unlike perceive colonial literature which Soromenho part as a reflection of the strength of the Portuguese empire, the notice as an allegory of the failure of Portuguese colonialism. The literary discourse Soromenho goal was to praise and fill in the gaps of the dream of a colonial empire gone.

Texte remanié de: Ph. Diss.--Hist.--University of London--London, 2000. / Bibliogr. p. 250-270. Index.

I takt med att allt fler flyttar in till städer och städerna växer ökar också mängden hårdgjorda ytor i samhället. Detta innebär även färre möjligheter för regn att infiltrera ner i marken utan avrinningen på ytan ökar vilket ger upphov till stora mängder dagvatten inom städerna. Detta dagvatten för med sig föroreningar som har deponerats på ytan av bland annat trafik och från luften, vilket innebär att dagvattnet kan innehålla höga koncentrationer av metaller och näringsämnen. Då dagvatten ofta leds orenat ut till närliggande recipienter innebär detta en stor påverkan på sjöar och vattendrag inom stadsmiljön. Bällstaån är ett sådant vattendrag som får ta emot dagvatten från flera olika områden och i dagsläget är det ett av Stockholms mest förorenade vattendrag. Framför allt har höga halter av näringsämnen och metaller uppmätts vid de senaste provtagningarna 2016 men även höga halter av PAH och PFOS. Idag uppnår Bällstaån varken god ekologisk eller kemisk status och för att komma till rätta med detta genomförs nu flera utredningar av källor till föroreningar i området. Kring Bällstaån finns flera industri- och kontorsområden som leder dagvatten rakt ut i ån. Ett sådant är Lunda industriområde som varit fokus för detta arbete. Lunda Industriområde är ett 76 ha stort område med blandade industri- och kontorsbyggnader. För att undersöka potentiella källor till föroreningar samt koncentrationer i dagvattnet har inventering av platsen samt modelleringar i SEWSYS genomförts inom detta projekt. Dessa har visat på att trafik är största källan till de flesta föroreningar från området men att korrosion av zinkmaterial är största anledningen till höga halter av zink i dagvattnet. Modelleringarna tyder även på stora skillnader i föroreningskoncentrationer mellan dagvatten som avrinner på tak och på mark. För att förbättra kvaliteten på dagvattnet från området har flera olika åtgärdslösningar undersökts och jämförts med varandra. Eftersom området är tätbebyggt samt underliggande jordlager till största del består av berg och lera har storskaliga lösningar samt infiltationslösningar bedömts olämpliga för området. Därför har fokus legat på mindre lösningar som i första hand syftar till att rena dagvattnet och i andra hand till att fördröja dagvattnet. De lösningar som bedöms som lämpligast för området är dräneringsstråk längs vägar, då dessa kan uppnå hög reningsgrad och dagvattnet från vägar innehåller högst koncentrationer av de undersökta föroreningarna. Dessa skulle även med fördel kunna kombineras med större biofilter eller genomsläppliga ytor på parkeringar för ökad fördröjning. För takdagvatten bedöms både rening med biofilter och underjordiskt magasin ge tillfredställande resultat / When more and more people move to the city and the cities expand, so does the amount of impermeable surfaces. This leads to reduced surfaces where rain is allowed to infiltrate the ground. This in turn leads to an increased amount of surface runoff and large amounts of storm water within our cities. On its way through the city the storm water adsorbs pollutants that have been deposited on the surface by traffic and from the air and transports them to nearby waterways and lakes. Since storm water is often released to the recipient without treatment it can have a significant effect on the water quality. Bällstaån is one waterway that receives large amounts of storm water from urbanized areas which has resulted in it being one of the most polluted waterways in Stockholm. Mainly high concentrations of nutrients, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and metals have been recorded during the most recent sampling in 2016. High concentrations of PAH and PFOS have also been detected and to improve the chemical and ecological status of the waterway possible sources of these contaminants are being investigated within the area. One possible source that has been identified is storm water from Lunda industrial area located within the runoff area of Bällstaån. Lunda industrial area is about 76 ha and is mainly composed of a mix of industry buildings and offices. To determine potential sources of contaminants within the area an inventory of the site was conducted as well as a storm water simulation in the model SEWSYS with site specific data within this project. The results show that traffic is the largest contributor to pollutants in the storm water from the area but also that zinc corrosion, mainly from fences, is the largest source of zinc. The results from SEWSYS also show that storm water from roofs had lower concentrations of metals and PAH than storm water from roads and other hard surfaces on the ground. To improve the quality of the storm water from the area and reduce concentrations of pollutants several different methods were investigated. Since the area is an urban area with limited amount of open areas for large-scale treatment of storm water mainly small-scale methods have been investigated. Since the soil matrix is mainly composed of hard rock and clay the infiltration capacity of the area is considered poor and therefore solutions only based on infiltration have been deemed unsuitable. The main focus of the project has been on investigating how well the methods can treat the water but their ability to delay and store water have also been briefly estimated. The solutions considered to be most suitable for the area are ditches or trenches in connection to roads since most of the contaminants originate from these areas and these methods have a high reduction capacity for most contaminants. Biofilters or permeable surfaces could also be used as a complement to increase the amount of storm water that can be treated and stored and to reduce the amount of impermeable surfaces within the area and thereby reduce the amount of storm water in the first place. For roof runoff both biofilters and underground storage performed well enough to reduce concentrations of all pollutants except nitrogen below the guidelines.

Este é um estudo sobre os grupos de carregadores das caravanas do comércio de longa distância na Lunda, em fins do século XIX e início do XX. O objetivo principal é argumentar que esses trabalhadores foram responsáveis pela movimentação da engrenagem do comércio regional no espaço que atualmente compreende o nordeste do território de Angola. Sua importância decorreu do conhecimento especializado que detinham, sem o qual não seria possível a circulação de mercadorias e informações por vastas regiões. O estudo levou em conta os elementos organizadores das caravanas de comércio: diferentes grupos de carregadores, papéis sociais e hierarquias, produtos transportados e itinerários percorridos. O exame destes aspectos possibilitou observar o dinamismo do comércio de longa distância, com o qual se conectavam os negócios internacionais. Em um contexto finissecular, marcado pela pressão da era dos impérios, porque sabiam fazer, os carregadores foram um elemento essencial do comércio de longa distância, muito importante para a vitalidade das sociedades da Lunda. / This study is about long distance porters and the trade in Lunda between 1870 and 1920. I argue that porters played a very important role in the operation of regional trade, being responsible for moving goods and informations in very distance areas. My analysis covers several elements: how porters articulated trade caravans, how they organized themselves in different groups permeated by different social hierarchies, the variety of transported goods and trade routes. These elements reveal the dynamism of long-distance trade - extremely important to the vitality of Lunda societies.