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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Prospec??o de genes associados ao processo de flora??o em tomateiro.

Ferreira, Daiane Cristina Cabral 28 February 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:18:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaianeCCF.pdf: 438800 bytes, checksum: c847da48b438b366ac3a9e69d018618a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Flowering is a process marked by switch of shoot apical meristem to floral meristem, and it involves a complex regulation by endogenous and environmental factors. Analyses of key flowering genes have been carried out primarily in Arabidopsis thaliana and have provided a foundation for understanding the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms controlling different aspects of floral development. Several homologous have been found in other species, but for crops species such as tomatoes this process is not well known. The aim of this work was to use the genetic natural variation associated to the flowering process and use molecular tools such as subtractive libraries and real time PCR in order to identify and analyze the expression from genes that may be associated to flowering in these two species: L. esculentum cv Micro-Tom and L. pimpinellifolium. Our results showed there were identified many genes related to vegetative and possibly to the flowering process. There were also identified many sequences that were unknown. We ve chosen three genes to analyze the expression by real time PCR. The histone H2A gene gave an expression higher in L. pimpinellifolium, due to this the expression of this gene may be associated to flowering in this specie. It was also analyzed the expression of an unknown gene that might be a key factor of the transition to flowering, also in L. pimpinellifolium. For the elongation factor 1-α expression, the expression results were not informative, so this gene may have a constitutive expression in vegetative and flowering state. The results observed allowed us to identify possible genes that may be related to the flowering process. For further results it will be necessary a better characterization of them. / A flora??o ? controlada por condi??es ambientais e fatores end?genos que se associam numa rede de mecanismos gen?ticos bastante complexos. An?lises de genes chaves da flora??o foram feitas primariamente em Arabidopsis thaliana tem fornecido grande conhecimento sobre mecanismos gen?ticos que controlam diferentes aspectos do desenvolvimento floral. Existem muitos hom?logos descritos em diversas outras esp?cies, inclusive em plantas de interesse agron?mico como o tomateiro. Nesta planta, as varia??es gen?ticas naturais relacionadas com a flora??o podem ter origem em diferentes genes expressos durante o desenvolvimento. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi de prospectar genes associados ao processo de flora??o utilizando a varia??o gen?tica natural existente entre L. esculentum cv Micro-tom e L. pimpinellifolium, aplicando-se a metodologia de biblioteca subtrativa e an?lise de express?o por qPCR em tempo real. Os resultados obtidos permitiram uma identifica??o de alguns genes que possam ser associados ? flora??o nestas esp?cies. Foram encontrados nas bibliotecas subtrativas genes relacionados tanto com o desenvolvimento vegetativo quanto genes ligados ao desenvolvimento reprodutivo, al?m de muitos genes n?o identificados em bancos de dados. Foram analisadas as express?es de tr?s genes por qPCR. As an?lises sugerem uma prov?vel associa??o do gene da histona H2A com a flora??o em L. pimpinellifolium, al?m de ter sido identificado tamb?m um gene desconhecido que pode ser outro fator chave na transi??o do meristema floral nessa esp?cie. Para os dados de express?o do gene fator de elonga??o 1-α, outro gene resultante da subtra??o de uma biblioteca com mensagens vegetativas, n?o foi encontrada liga??o com a flora??o. Visando-se melhor caracterizar este evento fisiol?gico em tomateiro, devem-se realizar estas an?lises para os outros genes identificados.
42

Progresso temporal da Murcha de fusário em tomateiro sob diferentes disponibilidades de água no solo

Lapidus, Guilherme Álvares 31 May 2013 (has links)
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, Brasília, 2013. / Submitted by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2014-10-03T18:57:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_GuilhermeÁlvaresLapidus.pdf: 934140 bytes, checksum: 7d0f21caae10e965231d7c6fdf2fc5f4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2014-10-03T18:58:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_GuilhermeÁlvaresLapidus.pdf: 934140 bytes, checksum: 7d0f21caae10e965231d7c6fdf2fc5f4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-03T18:58:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_GuilhermeÁlvaresLapidus.pdf: 934140 bytes, checksum: 7d0f21caae10e965231d7c6fdf2fc5f4 (MD5) / Apresenta estudo sobre a relação da irrigação do tomate [Solanum lycopersicum L. (= Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) e o fungo Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder & Hansen, causador da murcha de fusário. Devido à sua grande capacidade de sobrevivência, mesmo na ausência de hospedeiros, F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) é responsável por inviabilizar grandes áreas de cultivo, forçando os produtores à contínua busca de áreas livres do fungo (Agrios, 2004).
43

Desenvolvimento de tomate de mesa, com o uso do metodo QFD (Quality Function Deployment), comercializado em um supermecado

Marcos, Sissi Kawai 31 July 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Jose Tadeu Jorge / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T15:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos_SissiKawai_D.pdf: 2253460 bytes, checksum: 0fc756db2e6342202027ce601bc5c7bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Doutorado
44

Desenvolvimento de protocolo para microenxertia do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

Ozimar de Lima Coutinho 30 November 2006 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work micrografting method was used to obtain resistents plants using the species Solanum palinacanthum Dun. Fot this were used two methods of micro-grafting, which were the conventional method of the inverted T and the method of the Bisel cut / Neste trabalho utilizamos o método da microenxertia para obtenção de plantas resistentes a doenças como a murcha bacteriana, tendo como cavalo a espécie Solanum palinacanthum Dun. Para tanto se utilizou de dois métodos de microenxertia: o método convencional do T-inverido e o método do corte em bisel
45

Isolamento e seleção de bactérias endofíticas com potencialidade para o biocontrole de enfermidades do tomateiro / Isolation and selection of endophyte bacte ria with potentiality for biocontrol of tomato diseases

Barretti, Patrícia Baston 02 March 2001 (has links)
Submitted by Nathália Faria da Silva (nathaliafsilva.ufv@gmail.com) on 2017-07-11T13:57:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 resumo.pdf: 59534 bytes, checksum: 8f4391f4a6427c1ba32b3d2dbae221db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T13:57:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 resumo.pdf: 59534 bytes, checksum: 8f4391f4a6427c1ba32b3d2dbae221db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Starting from a population of forty isolates of endophytic bacteria obtained of healthy tomato plants, a massal screening was performed using Alternaria solani and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato as challenging pathogens. Based on the average number of lesions per plant and their respective standard deviations, four isolates were selected and evaluated as potential agents of biocontrol of tomato diseases caused by fungi and bacteria. The four endophytes selected for biocontrol were also evaluated for their ability to promote growth. In order to confirm the endophytic condition of the selected antagonists, isolates resistant to 1000 ppm of streptomycin sulfate were selected, introduced into healthy plants and then were detected in internal tissues of the host. / Arquivo da dissertação está danificado, motivo pelo qual somente o resumo foi disponibilizado.
46

Nitrogen nutrition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants and the influence of electrical conductivity on crop growth, yield and quality

Msibi, Sifiso Thuthukani January 2014 (has links)
Nitrogen is required by plants in large quantities and its deficiency is mostly related to reduction in crop production. A study was conducted to assess the importance of nitrogen in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplant production. Transplants were propagated at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg∙L-1 N applied as NH4NO3 while 30 mg∙L-1 P applied as NaH2PO4 and 30 mg∙L-1 K as KCl were used. Fergitation was done by floating cavity trays in nutrient solution until the medium reached field capacity. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Sampling was initiated at 21 days after sowing and was done weekly until the transplants were ready for transplanting (when transplants could be pulled out of the cavity easily without breaking) at 42 days after sowing. Nitrogen supply had a pronounce influence on the transplant root and shoot growth. Observations throughout the experiment indicated that increased nitrogen application favoured shoot growth which is an indication that most of the assimilates were partitioned to shoots rather than to roots. Nitrogen application of 120 mg∙L-1increased fresh shoot mass and subsequently enhanced dry shoot mass. As nitrogen was increased from 0 to 120 mg∙L-1, it further promoted relative growth rate, specific leaf area, leaf mass ratio, leaf area ratio, plant chlorophyll content, leaf tissue nitrogen and improved the pulling success. At 42 days after sowing, a quality transplant that was produced with 90 mg∙L-1 N, had a root to shoot ratio of 0.16, leaf mass ratio of 0.86, root mass ratio of 0.13, leaf area of 594 cm2, plant chlorophyll content of 33, leaf tissue nitrogen of 32 g∙kg-1, specific leaf area of 194 cm2∙mg-1, leaf area ratio of 167.7 cm2∙mg-1, relative growth ratio of 0.31 cm∙mg-1∙wk-1 and 100% pulling success. This transplant proved to be ideal for the production of tomato as compared to other treatment combinations that were employed. Another glasshouse experiment was conducted to determine the influence of electrical conductivity (EC) and or nutrient solution composition on growth, yield and quality parameters in tomato. The pots were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). One plant per pot represented an experimental unit. Four EC treatments were used that consisted of 1.12, 2.24, 4.48 and 6.72 mS∙cm-1. Each treatment was replicated six times. Distilled water was used for irrigation water to maintain the required pH, which was 5.5 to 6.2 throughout the duration of the study, and cocopeat was used as substrate. Salinity inhibited growth (shoot length) and yield (average fruit mass, fruit diameter and fruit circumference) at the highest concentration of 6.72 mS∙cm-1. However, it did not significantly affect number of trusses, number of fruits and stem diameter, rather tomato quality was improved in terms of total soluble solids. Although tomato fruits grown at 6.72 mS∙cm-1 were relatively smaller than fruits grown at 1.12, 2.24 and 4.48 mS∙cm-1 treatments respectively, they had higher acidity, increased soluble solids and higher sugar content which are all qualities required by the tomato processing industry. Increasing the concentration of the solution from 1.12 to 6.72 mS∙cm-1 increased the %Brix from 3.9 to 6.1% while titratable acidity was also increased from 3.3 to 5.7%, respectively. The incidents of blossom end rot were higher (6.3%) at concentration of 6.72 mS∙cm-1 as compared to 1.12 mS∙cm-1 concentration, which was 0.5%. / Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Plant Production and Soil Science / MScAgric / Unrestricted
47

NÍVEIS DE COBERTURA VEGETAL DO SOLO NA CULTURA DO TOMATE IRRIGADO / Levels of cover crop on the soil in irrigated tomato crop

Hupalo, Marcelo Ferreira 12 December 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:30:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Ferreira Hupalo.pdf: 3727414 bytes, checksum: 09f9dfd825a705447a6096b342217638 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-12 / Tomato is the most important economic vegetable in Brazil. The state of Parana is a significant fresh market tomato grower, and the Reserva city is the largest grower in this state. The tomato crop is important to family based farm because it contribute to income and employ generation, however it has a high financial cost and highly demand of handling practices and cultivation. Among farming practices stands irrigation, which can influence the crop production and fruit quality. For environmental issues, thinking about conservation of soil and water, the irrigation practice should be performed properly. The no-tillage system is established in erosion control, reduction of soil temperature range and contamination reduction in water sources in grain crops. In vegetable crops, especially in tomato crop, this must be better studied. The aim of this study was to assess consumption of irrigation water, soil temperature range, quality of the harvested product, yield and efficiency of water use in the production of fresh market tomatoes in the Campos Gerais region according to the level of cover crop. The treatments were quantities of dry matter on the soil: T1 (no dry matter on the soil); T2 (3.09 Mg ha-1 of dry matter); T3 (5.03 Mg ha-1 of dry matter); T4 (7.17 Mg ha-1 of dry matter) and T5 (9.20 Mg ha-1 of dry matter). There was significant effect of different levels of dry matter on the irrigation water consumption, where the increase of dry matter promoted the reduction of irrigation depth (mm) applied ranging 17 to 30%. No-tillage system promoted, on average, savings of 20% of irrigation water applied when compared to conventional production system. The maximum and miminum temperatures and soil temperature range decreased with the increase of dry matter on the soil. The increase in dry matter on the soil promoted high yield of total marketable fruits and high yield of fruits from 3A and 1A classes. Moreover this decreased the proportion of non-marketable fruits with disruption and blossom-end rot. The maximum and minimum temperatures and the thermal amplitude of the soil were reduced with the increase of dry matter on ground. The increase of dry matter on the soil promoted greater total marketable fruit yield and maximum fruit yield of 3A and 1A classes. Furthermore, reduced the proportion of unmarketable fruits with blossom end rot and cracking. The increase of dry matter on the soil caused greater yield and total marketable fruit yield of 05 to 15%. / O tomate é a hortaliça de maior importância econômica no Brasil. O estado do Paraná é um expressivo produtor de tomate de mesa, sendo o município de Reserva o maior produtor estadual. A cultura do tomate é de grande importância para a agricultura de base familiar contribuindo para a geração de emprego e renda, entretanto, apresenta um elevado custo financeiro sendo exigente em manejo e tratos culturais. Entre as diversas práticas de manejo se destaca a irrigação, a qual pode influenciar a produção e qualidade dos frutos. Por questões ambientais, pensando em conservação de solo e água, a prática da irrigação deve ser realizada de maneira adequada. O sistema plantio direto na palha é consagrado no controle da erosão, redução da amplitude térmica do solo e redução da contaminação de mananciais na cultura de grãos. Nas hortaliças, em especial na cultura do tomate, este deve ser melhor estudado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar consumo de água de irrigação, variação da temperatura do solo, qualidade do produto colhido, produtividade e eficiência do uso da água na produção de tomate de mesa na região dos Campos Gerais conforme níveis de cobertura vegetal do solo. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos aleatorizados, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram quantidades de matéria seca de aveia preta sobre o solo: T1 (ausência de matéria seca); T2 (3,09 Mg ha-1); T3 (5,03 Mg ha-1); T4 (7,17 Mg ha-1) e T5 (9,20 Mg ha-1). Houve efeito significativo dos níveis de matéria seca sobre o consumo de água de irrigação, sendo que, com o incremento de matéria seca ocorreu decréscimo da lâmina de Irrigação (mm) aplicada variando de 17 a 30%. As temperaturas máximas e mínimas e a amplitude térmica do solo tiveram redução com o incremento de matéria seca sobre solo. O incremento de matéria seca sobre o solo promoveu maior produtividade de frutos comercializáveis totais e maior produtividade de frutos das classes 3A e 1A. Além disso, reduziu a proporção de frutos não comercializáveis com rachaduras e com podridão apical. O incremento de matéria seca ao solo promoveu maior produtividade e rendimento de frutos comercializáveis totais de 5 a 15 %.
48

Irriga??o sob d?ficit h?drico controlado para a cultura do tomateiro, na regi?o de Serop?dica-RJ

MONTE, Jos? Antonio 28 February 2011 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-23T14:27:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Jos? Ant?nio Monte.pdf: 1144390 bytes, checksum: 831746c40c4d98b1c97c23c831d74f7c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T14:27:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Jos? Ant?nio Monte.pdf: 1144390 bytes, checksum: 831746c40c4d98b1c97c23c831d74f7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The irrigation regime for ?in natura? tomato cultivation was studied at the experimental area of the Horticulture sector of the Crop Science Department of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, located at Serop?dica-RJ. The first experiment was realized to evaluate the effect of the water lamina (40, 60, 80, 100 e 120% of ETc) on biomass and foliar area accumulation, to obtain growth parameters for a growth analysis and production of the culture, for Debora plus hybrid, a long life type. In the second essay, the influence of the irrigation schedules (TR0 every day; TR1 every two days; TR2 every three days; and TR3 every four days) was investigated, by the growth analysis and production of the same hybrid. In the third experiment, the growth and production was studied for three genotypes (Debora plus hybrid, a long life type; Carmem hybrid; and the variety Santa Clara), all for in natura use, all under the same irrigation regime. The results obtained in the first experiment demonstrated that the maximal biomass accumulation occurs between 70 and 80 days after transplanting, for all treatments. The quantity of water applied above 80% of ETc resulted in higher vegetative growth and general production, but with the same commercial production as for the others treatments. Above 80% of th Etc, there was an augmentation of defective fruits, with a higher input for the culture, using more water and energy, without an augmentation of commercial fruits of tomato. In the second essay, there was no difference among the irrigation schedules and, therefore, the longer schedule of every four days had the same fruit quality as the others schedules. The third experiment showed differences for the growth pattern and water and nutrient requirements of the genotypes. The quantity of water used by the Carmem hybrid was lower than for Debora hybrid, which indicated the necessity of detailed studies with different irrigation strategies for each genotype of tomato. Therefore, for an optimization of inputs use for the ?regulated deficit irrigation?, the irrigation management needs to be adequate to the different requirement, during the cycle, of each genotype / Estudou-se o manejo de irriga??o na cultura do tomateiro para mesa, na ?rea experimental pertencente ao Setor de Horticultura, do Departamento de Fitotecnia na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, localizada no Munic?pio de Serop?dica-RJ, em tr?s experimentos de campo com o objetivo de foi estudar o desenvolvimento da cultura do tomateiro em rela??o ? capacidade de produ??o de fitomassa e a de frutos, em diferentes formas de aplica??o de ?gua atrav?s da irriga??o. Buscando maior efici?ncia no uso da de ?gua de irriga??o, com produ??o de tomate de qualidade vi?vel economicamente para o produtor e sustent?vel para o meio ambiente. O primeiro experimento foi realizado para avaliar a influ?ncia da l?mina de irriga??o 40, 60, 80, 100 e 120% da evapotranspira??o (ETc) da cultura na do tomateiro na acumula??o de fitomassa e ?rea foliar, e obten??o de ?ndices fisiol?gicos, para uma an?lise de crescimento da cultura e produ??o de frutos, do tomateiro h?brido D?bora plus, tipo longa vida. O segundo experimento foi conduzido para avaliar a influ?ncia do turno de rega (TR1 turno de rega di?rio; TR2 turno de rega de dois dias; TR3 turno de rega de tr?s dias; e TR4 turno de rega de quaro dias) no crescimento e na produ??o de frutos, do mesmo tomateiro. E, no terceiro experimento, avaliou-se tamb?m o crescimento e a produ??o de frutos de tr?s gen?tipos (os h?bridos, longa vida, D?bora Plus e o Carmem e a variedade Santa Clara), todos para mesa, sob o mesmo regime de irriga??o. Com base nos resultados obtidos, no primeiro experimento, foi poss?vel constatar que o m?ximo de ac?mulo de fitomassa ocorreu entre 70 e 80 dias ap?s o transplante, em todos os tratamentos. O aumento na quantidade de ?gua aplicada acima de 80 % da ETc resultou em maior crescimento vegetativo do tomateiro e incremento na produ??o total de frutos, por?m, com a mesma produ??o comercial de frutos das l?minas menores. Nas irriga??es acima de 80% da ETc, houve um aumento na produ??o de frutos defeituosos de tomate, tornando a cultura mais onerosa, com maior gasto de energia e ?gua, sem aumentar a produ??o comercial de frutos do tomateiro. No segundo experimento, observou-se que n?o houve diferen?a entre os tratamentos, e por isso o turno de rega mais longo, de tr?s dias, produz a mesma qualidade de frutos de tomate dos turnos de regas mais freq?entes, mas com maior potencial de economia de ?gua e energia. O terceiro experimento mostrou que existem grandes diferen?as quanto ao padr?o de crescimento e ?s exig?ncias, tanto h?drica quanto nutricional, dos diferentes gen?tipos de tomateiros. A quantidade de ?gua exigida pelo h?brido Carmem ? inferior a quantidade de ?gua exigida pelo h?brido D?bora, indicando a necessidade de estudos mais detalhados com estrat?gias de irriga??o nos diferentes gen?tipos de tomateiro. Portanto, para haver uma otimiza??o dos recursos aplicados o manejo da irriga??o, usando a ?irriga??o sob d?ficit controlado?, essa dever? atender as diferentes exig?ncias, ao longo do ciclo, de cada gen?tipo.
49

Proteção de tomateiro a Meloidogyne incognita pelo extrato aquoso de Tagetes patula / Protection of tomato plants by Meloidogyne incognita by water extract of Tagetes patula

Franzener, Gilmar 03 October 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilmar_Franzener.pdf: 521065 bytes, checksum: a750f49965ab340e0084ddc88e2023d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-03 / The aim of this work was evaluate the potential of the aqueous extract (EA) of Tagetes patula against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants. EA of flowers, leaves and roots were obtained by infusion in the proportion of 50 g of vegetable dehydrated material in 1000 mL of distilled water. EA was tested in vitro on eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita without dilution and diluted 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 (extract:water, v/v) and in plants of tomato cv. "Kadá" cultivated in pots, without dilution and diluted 1:1. For in vivo assays, EA were sprayed in the leaves, soil or both, and weekly for eight weeks, just in the transplanting (one week before inoculation with pathogen), and together or one week after inoculation. EA of flowers, leaves and roots inhibited the hatching, the mobility, and caused mortality of J2 in vitro. Greater effect nematicide was obtained with roots extract that promoted the mortality of up to 68% of J2. In tomato plants were not obtained satisfactory results with just an application of EA, independent of the time and application forms, so much in the development of plants as in the galling and M. incognita reproduction. Weekly applications promoted increase in the plants development and inhibited the galling and the nematode population. Greater results were obtained by flower EA, following by leaves and smaller or non results with root EA. EA of flower without dilution inhibited in up to 62.2% the galling and 61.5 and 52.8% the number of J2 in the soil and eggs in the roots, respectively. Applications in the soil and in the aerial part presented similar results. These results indicate the potential of T. patula EA, maily of flowers, in tomato plants protection to M. incognita, and that, possibly, besides of nematicide or nematostatic effect, involves the enhances resistance of the plants to nematode / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito protetor do extrato aquoso (EA) de Tagetes patula em tomateiro a Meloidogyne incognita. EA de flores, folhas e raízes foram obtidos por infusão na proporção de 50 g de material vegetal desidratado em 1000 mL de água destilada. O EA foi testado in vitro sobre ovos e juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de M. incognita sem diluição e diluído 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 e 1:4 (extrato:água, v/v) e em plantas inoculadas de tomateiro cv. Kadá cultivadas em vasos, sem diluição e diluído 1:1. In vivo os EAs foram aplicados somente na parte aérea, no solo ou em ambos, semanalmente até oito semanas, somente no transplante (uma semana antes da inoculação), somente na inoculação e uma semana após a inoculação. Os EAs de flores, folhas e raízes inibiram a eclosão e a motilidade, e causaram mortalidade de J2 in vitro. Maior efeito nematicida foi obtido com extrato de raíz que promoveu a mortalidade de até 68% dos J2. Em plantas de tomateiro não foram obtidos resultados expressivos com apenas uma aplicação de EA, independente da época e forma de aplicação, tanto no desenvolvimento de plantas como na formação de galhas e reprodução de M. incognita. Aplicações semanais promoveram efeito positivo no desenvolvimento das plantas e negativo na formação de galhas e na população do nematóide. Melhores resultados foram obtidos pelo EA de flor, seguido de folhas e menores ou nenhum com EA de raiz. EA de flor sem diluição inibiu em até 62,2% a formação de galhas e 61,5 e 52,8% o número de J2 no solo e de ovos nas raízes, respectivamente. Aplicações no solo e na parte aérea apresentaram resultados semelhantes. Estes resultados indicam o potencial do EA de T. patula, sobretudo de flores, em proteger tomateiro a M. incognita, e que, possivelmente, além de efeito nematicida e/ou nematostático, envolve o aumento da resistência das plantas ao nematóide.
50

Avaliação da temperatura de secagem e do armazenamento na composição química e qualidade sensorial do tomate seco / Evaluation of the temperature of drying and storage in the chemical composition and sensory quality of dry tomato

Cruz, Patricia Moretti Franco da 29 August 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Moretti Franco da Cruz.pdf: 718638 bytes, checksum: 6bd4d60cf883f5199da2c0a13bfe1263 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of drying temperature and storage time on the physical, chemical and sensory quality of dried tomatoes. The drying temperature of the tomato 'Dominador' were: 55 ºC, 65 ºC, 75 ºC and 85 ºC. The storage under refrigeration at 5 º C ± 2 ºC was carried out only with sun-dried tomatoes at a temperature of 75 °C, measured on day 1, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90. In both tests, we used a completely randomized design with five replicates and the results, analysis of variance. The mean comparison test of Tukey (p <0.05) and regression analysis were applied to the results of drying and storage, respectively. The drying temperature had an effect on the physical, chemical, and sensory quality of the tomato, where the increase in drying temperature provided acidity and decrease in the levels of ascorbic acid and beta-carotene and increase in the levels of total phenolics and lycopene. There was increased red color and darkening in the sun dried tomatoes with increasing drying temperature. According to sensory analysis, among the tested temperatures in drying tomatoes presented the best results at 75 °C. Throughout the storage process th ere was a loss in content of ascorbic acid, total phenolics, lycopene and beta carotene. As for the analysis of color, darkening of the sun dried tomatoes occurred, regardless of the position of tomatoes assessed. Losses occurred during storage of nutritional quality of dried tomato, in this case, which did not include any type of preservative, the product should be consumed as soon as possible / O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar o efeito da temperatura de secagem e do tempo de armazenagem sobre a qualidade física, química e sensorial do tomate seco. As temperaturas de secagem avaliadas do tomate Dominador foram: 55 ºC, 65 ºC, 75 ºC e 85 ºC. A armazenagem ocorreu sob refrigeração a 5 ºC ± 2 ºC, foi realizada apenas com tomates secos à temperatura de 75 ºC, e avaliada após 1, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias. Em ambos os testes foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com cinco repetições e, aos resultados, aplicada a Análise de Variância. O teste de comparação de médias de Tukey (p<0,05) e a análise de regressão foram aplicados aos resultados de secagem e de armazenagem, respectivamente. A temperatura de secagem exerceu efeito sobre a qualidade física, química e sensorial tomate, quando o aumento da temperatura de secagem proporcionou decréscimos na acidez titulável e nos teores de ácido ascórbico e de Betacaroteno, além de causar acréscimos nos teores de compostos fenólicos totais e Licopeno. Com o aumento da temperatura de secagem, houve intensificação da cor vermelha e do escurecimento do tomate seco. De acordo com a análise sensorial, dentre as temperaturas testadas na secagem do tomate, a temperatura de 75 ºC foi a que apresentou os melhores resultados. Ao longo da armazenagem, houve perda nos conteúdos de ácido ascórbico, de fenólicos totais, de Betacaroteno e de Licopeno. Quanto à analise de cor, ocorreu um escurecimento do tomate seco, independente da posição avaliada. Durante a armazenagem do tomate seco ocorreram perdas de qualidade nutricional. Para esse caso, em que não foi utilizado nenhum tipo de conservante, o produto deveria ser consumido o mais rapidamente possível

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