Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gondim_aro_dr_jabo.pdf: 426794 bytes, checksum: f873ac766858dbae21d0257c0f0c57d9 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos nutricionais da omissão de boro, doses de boro via foliar, tempo de absorção e a sua mobilidade em plantas de tomate e beterraba cultivadas em ambiente protegido. Para isto, foram realizados na Unesp Câmpus Jaboticabal, quatro experimentos com as plantas do tomate e da beterraba cultivadas em vasos. Estudou-se no primeiro a omissão de boro em plantas de tomate e beterraba. No segundo experimento, estudou-se as doses de boro via foliar nas duas hortaliças. No terceiro experimento, estudou-se a absorção foliar de B ao longo do tempo nas plantas de tomate e beterraba. Comparou-se no quarto experimento, a mobilidade do boro absorvido pelas raízes e pelas folhas, para as partes novas da planta. Em todos os experimentos, avaliaram-se as variáveis de crescimento, nutrição e de produção de matéria seca das plantas. Verificou–se, no primeiro experimento, que o prejuízo da deficiência de boro ficou evidente no final do ciclo das hortaliças (terceiro estádio de desenvolvimento), causando maior diminuição nos órgãos reprodutivos do tomate (frutos) e da beterraba (raiz tuberosa). No segundo experimento, a adubação foliar com o micronutriente promoveu a maior produção de matérias secas do fruto e da planta inteira do tomateiro, com pulverizações foliares de B na concentração de 0,340 g L-1 e esteve associada com o teor foliar de B de 72 mg kg-1. Para a produção de matérias secas da raiz tuberosa e da planta inteira de beterraba ocorreu com 0,065 g L- 1 e associou-se com o teor de B de 26 mg kg-1. No terceiro experimento, notou-se que o B é rapidamente absorvido pelas folhas, atingindo 50% do B absorvido, próximo de dez horas após aplicação para o tomate e duas horas e meia após a aplicação para a beterraba. No último experimento, observou-se que a aplicação do boro via foliar não foi... / This work aimed to study the nutritional effects of the boron omission, boron doses by foliar means, absorption time and its mobility in both tomato and beetroot cultures which were cultivated in a protected environment. For this purpose, four experiments with the plants of both tomato and beetroot cultivated in vases were used at the Unesp Campus of Jaboticabal. In the first experiment, it was studied the boron absorption by the roots of both vegetables in a hydropnic system, with the presence and the omission of the micronutrient. In the second experiment, it was studied the boron doses by foliar means in both vegetables. In the third one, it was studied the foliar absorption of B over the time in both tomato and beetroot plants. In the fourth, it was compared the boron mobility absorbed by the roots and the leaves, for the new parts of the plant. In all the experiments, it was evaluated the growth, nutrition and production variables of the plants dry matter. It was verified, in the first experiment, that the boron deficiency loss was evident in the end of the vegetables cycle (third development phase) causing higher decrease in the reproductive organs of the tomato (fruits) and beetroot (tuberous root). In the second experiment, the foliar fertilization with the micronutrient promoted the highest production of both the fruit’s and the whole plant’s dry matter of the tomato plant with B foliar spray at the concentration of 0,340 g L-1 and it was associated with the B leaf content of 72 mg kg-1. The tuberous root and the beetroot whole plant dry matter production occurred with 0,065 g L-1 and it was associated with the B content of 26 mg kg-1. In the third experiment, it was noticed that the B is quickly absorbed by the leaves, reaching 50% of the absorbed B, close to ten hours after the application for the tomato and two hours and... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Submitted by FRANCIELLY GUIEIRO GOMES null (fran.engagricola@gmail.com) on 2017-09-19T18:42:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação final.pdf: 1884967 bytes, checksum: df847c89bf26cbe2ee2d9224d1629eab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-20T16:59:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_fgg_me_bot.pdf: 1884967 bytes, checksum: df847c89bf26cbe2ee2d9224d1629eab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T16:59:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_fgg_me_bot.pdf: 1884967 bytes, checksum: df847c89bf26cbe2ee2d9224d1629eab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Devido a escassez da água no planeta, são considerados viáveis estudos que buscam alternativas para economia e melhor aproveitamento da água. Sendo assim a utilização da água de reúso para agricultura e o correto manejo da irrigação torna se uma possibilidade para minimizar o problema da falta de água. Perante isso o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações e disponibilidades de águas de esgoto doméstica tratado no desenvolvimento e produção do tomate cereja. O cultivo dos tomates foi conduzido na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2015. O sistema de irrigação adotado foi localizado por gotejamento, sendo o manejo baseado no tanque classe A. O delineamento experimental foi em sistema fatorial (5x2) com parcelas subdivididas, onde adotou duas lâminas 70 e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura, a água para os tratamentos foram, água de abastecimento e água de esgoto doméstico tratado com 4 diluições 25, 50, 75 e 100 de reúso, totalizando 10 tratamentos. As avaliações feitas foram: altura; diâmetro do caule; fitomassa verde e seca; teor relativo de água nas folhas (TRA); potencial de água nas folhas (Ψf); teor de nutrientes nas folhas; teor de nutrientes nos frutos; número de frutos maior e menor que 20 mm de diâmetro transversal, número total de frutos; peso total de frutos. Os dados coletados foram submetidos em análise de variância e as médias ao teste de tukey a 5 % de probabilidade. Os resultados mostraram que tanto as lâminas como as diluições de água de reúso tiveram efeitos significativos sobre os parâmetros agronômicos (altura, diâmetro, Ψf, fitomassa verde e seca, teor de nutrientes) no decorrer do desenvolvimento da cultura, porém para número de frutos, e peso total de frutos, a água de reúso não teve efeito significativo, a influência nesses parâmetros foi com relação as lâminas, plantas irrigadas com 100% da evapotranspiração independente da água utilizada obtiveram melhores produções. Os frutos de todos os tratamentos foram submetidos a análise microbiológica e mostraram que a água de reúso não causou nenhum tipo de contaminação. / Due to the scarcity of water on the planet, studies are considered feasible that seek alternatives for economy and better use of water. Therefore, the use of reuse water for agriculture and the correct management of irrigation makes it possible to minimize the problem of lack of water. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations and availability of treated domestic sewage in the development and production of cherry tomatoes. Tomato cultivation was conducted in the experimental area of the Department of Rural Engineering of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, from August to September 2015. The irrigation system was located by dripping, the management based on the tank class A. The experimental design was in a factorial system (5x2) with subdivided plots, where it adopted two slides 70 and 100% of the crop evapotranspiration, the water for the treatments Were water supply and household sewage treated with 4 dilutions 25, 50, 75 and 100 of reuse, totaling 10 treatments. The evaluations were: height; Stem diameter; Green and dry biomass; Relative leaf water content (TRA); Leaf water potential (Ψf); Nutrient content in leaves; Nutrient content in fruits; Number of fruits larger and smaller than 20 mm of transverse diameter, total number of fruits; Total weight of fruits. The data collected were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages of the tukey test at 5% probability. The results showed that both slides and dilutions of reuse water had significant effects on the agronomic parameters (height, diameter, Ψf, green and dry biomass, nutrient content) during the development of the crop, but for number of fruits, And total weight of fruits, the reuse water had no significant effect, the influence in these parameters was with respect to the slides, plants irrigated with 100% of evapotranspiration independent of the water used obtained better yields. The fruits of all treatments were submitted to microbiological analysis and showed that the reuse water didn’t cause any type of contamination. / CNPq: 133284/2015-8

Resumo: Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos nutricionais da omissão de boro, doses de boro via foliar, tempo de absorção e a sua mobilidade em plantas de tomate e beterraba cultivadas em ambiente protegido. Para isto, foram realizados na Unesp Câmpus Jaboticabal, quatro experimentos com as plantas do tomate e da beterraba cultivadas em vasos. Estudou-se no primeiro a omissão de boro em plantas de tomate e beterraba. No segundo experimento, estudou-se as doses de boro via foliar nas duas hortaliças. No terceiro experimento, estudou-se a absorção foliar de B ao longo do tempo nas plantas de tomate e beterraba. Comparou-se no quarto experimento, a mobilidade do boro absorvido pelas raízes e pelas folhas, para as partes novas da planta. Em todos os experimentos, avaliaram-se as variáveis de crescimento, nutrição e de produção de matéria seca das plantas. Verificou-se, no primeiro experimento, que o prejuízo da deficiência de boro ficou evidente no final do ciclo das hortaliças (terceiro estádio de desenvolvimento), causando maior diminuição nos órgãos reprodutivos do tomate (frutos) e da beterraba (raiz tuberosa). No segundo experimento, a adubação foliar com o micronutriente promoveu a maior produção de matérias secas do fruto e da planta inteira do tomateiro, com pulverizações foliares de B na concentração de 0,340 g L-1 e esteve associada com o teor foliar de B de 72 mg kg-1. Para a produção de matérias secas da raiz tuberosa e da planta inteira de beterraba ocorreu com 0,065 g L- 1 e associou-se com o teor de B de 26 mg kg-1. No terceiro experimento, notou-se que o B é rapidamente absorvido pelas folhas, atingindo 50% do B absorvido, próximo de dez horas após aplicação para o tomate e duas horas e meia após a aplicação para a beterraba. No último experimento, observou-se que a aplicação do boro via foliar não foi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work aimed to study the nutritional effects of the boron omission, boron doses by foliar means, absorption time and its mobility in both tomato and beetroot cultures which were cultivated in a protected environment. For this purpose, four experiments with the plants of both tomato and beetroot cultivated in vases were used at the Unesp Campus of Jaboticabal. In the first experiment, it was studied the boron absorption by the roots of both vegetables in a hydropnic system, with the presence and the omission of the micronutrient. In the second experiment, it was studied the boron doses by foliar means in both vegetables. In the third one, it was studied the foliar absorption of B over the time in both tomato and beetroot plants. In the fourth, it was compared the boron mobility absorbed by the roots and the leaves, for the new parts of the plant. In all the experiments, it was evaluated the growth, nutrition and production variables of the plants dry matter. It was verified, in the first experiment, that the boron deficiency loss was evident in the end of the vegetables cycle (third development phase) causing higher decrease in the reproductive organs of the tomato (fruits) and beetroot (tuberous root). In the second experiment, the foliar fertilization with the micronutrient promoted the highest production of both the fruit's and the whole plant's dry matter of the tomato plant with B foliar spray at the concentration of 0,340 g L-1 and it was associated with the B leaf content of 72 mg kg-1. The tuberous root and the beetroot whole plant dry matter production occurred with 0,065 g L-1 and it was associated with the B content of 26 mg kg-1. In the third experiment, it was noticed that the B is quickly absorbed by the leaves, reaching 50% of the absorbed B, close to ten hours after the application for the tomato and two hours and... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Orientador: Renato de Mello Prado / Coorientador: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho / Banca: William Natale / Banca: Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta / Banca: Cassio Hamilton Abreu Junior / Banca: Francisco Maximino Fernandes / Doutor

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a influência de um ativador de plantas e de dois fungicidas sobre o comportamento de plantas de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), cultivadas em vasos no interior de casa-de-vegetação, no município de Piedade, SP, e submetidas a diferentes condições de fornecimento de água. Os produtos químicos aplicados de forma isolada foram respectivamente dois fungicidas, a piraclostrobina (PRT) e a azoxistrobina (AZT); um ativador de plantas, o acibenzolar-s-metil (ASM). Foi incluída uma testemunha, sem aplicações de produtos. Todos os tratamentos mantiveram-se sob quatro níveis de água (90%, 72 %, 54% e 36% da capacidade de recipiente do substrato). Foram realizadas quatro aplicações dos produtos, sendo a primeira um dia antes do plantio definitivo das mudas, a segunda aos 10 dias após o plantio (DAP), seguindo-se mais duas aplicações com intervalo de 10 dias entre as mesmas. As avaliações foram efetuadas medindo os seguintes parâmetros: a) peso da massa seca da raiz, da parte aérea e total de cada planta aos 30 e 50 DAP; b) determinação do teor de clorofila das plantas aos 35 DAP, tomando-se como padrão o segundo folíolo da primeira folha abaixo do primeiro cacho floral; c) altura das plantas aos 29 e 49 DAP; d) número de folhas abaixo do primeiro cacho floral, aos 29 DAP; e) número total de folhas por planta aos 29 DAP; f) porcentagem de plantas com o primeiro cacho floral totalmente aberto aos 28 DAP; g) sintomas de deficiência hídrica aos 7 dias após a terceira e quarta aplicação dos produtos. Os resultados indicaram que as aplicações do acibenzolar-s-metil (ASM), piraclostrobina (PRT) e azoxistrobina (AZT) evitaram sintomas visíveis de murcha ocasionada pelo estresse hídrico, enquanto que em situações com maiores níveis de fornecimento de água, ocorreu maior acúmulo de matéria seca nas raízes e na parte aérea do tomateiro. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a systemic acquired resistance activator and two fungicides on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants, cultivated in pots in a greenhouse, which was exposed to different conditions of water supply. The products which were sprayed without tank mixtures (applied in their isolated form), were respectively two fungicides: piraclostrobina (PRT) and azoxistrobina (AZT); and one systemic acquired resistance activator, the acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM), and one without products. All treatments were rent on four water levels (90%, 72%, 54% and 36% of container capacity). Four sprays of these produtcs were done: the first was done one day before planting, and the second 10 days after planting. Two more spray was done with 10 days interval between them. The following parameters were taken into measured to do the evaluations: a) dry weights of the root mass, the leaf area, and the entirely plant at 30 and 50 days after the planting (DAP); b) determination of the chlorophyll contents of the plants at 35 DAP, taking as the standard the second leaflet of the first leaf, immediately bellow the first inflorescence; c) plant height at 29 and 49 DAP; d) number of leaves below the first inflorescence at 29 DAP; e) total number of leaves for each plant at 29 DAP; f) percentage of plants with the first inflorescence totally opened at 28 DAP; g) water stress symptoms evaluation at the 7th day after the third and the fourth product sprays. The results indicated that the sprays of acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM), piraclostrobina (PRT) and azoxistrobina (AZT) avoided the visible wilt symptoms due to the hydric stress, while in situations with higher water supply levels, the accumulation of dry material in the roots and in the leaf area of tomato plants increased.

Zur Aufklärung des Wirkungsmechanismus der toleranzerhöhenden Wirkung gegenüber Salinität des Pflanzenwurzeln besiedelnden PGPR Bacillus subtilis wurden bakterielle Stoffwechselprodukte der Stämme FZB24 und FZB41 bei der Testpflanze Tomate unter dem Einfluss von hohem Salzstress getestet. Das Kulturfiltrat mit der Gesamtheit der von B. subtilis produzierten Stoffwechselprodukte zeigte im axenischen Test zur Ermittlung des Wachstums nach 7-tägiger Behandlung der Sämlinge und nachfolgender Kultivierung unter Salzstress eine gewisse toleranzerhöhende Wirkung bei 0,1 %-Konzentration. Zur Produktaufschlüsselung wurde das Kulturfiltrat über Adsorberharz und HPLC fraktioniert. Diese Fraktionen, sowie die aus dem Kulturfiltrat nach 19 h Fermentation wurden ebenfalls bei Sämlingen axenisch getestet. Fraktionen mit verschiedenen Proteinen und Peptiden, die von B. subtilis produziert werden, zeigten teilweise eine konzentrationsabhängige Wirkung hinsichtlich der Wachstumsstimulierung und zugleich Toleranzerhöhung gegenüber Salzstress, weshalb nachfolgend ein Peptidextrakt aus B. subtilis einer Testung im axenischen System unterzogen wurde. Der Peptidextrakt zeigte gleichfalls eine erkennbare konzentrationsabhängige Wirkung. Mit gleichem Testsystem wurden Auxin-Präkursoren und Auxin selbst, die als Stoffwechselprodukte von B. subtilis nachgewiesen sind, sowohl als Wurzelbehandlung, wie auch als Blattbehandlung bei Sämlingen geprüft. Zusätzlich wurde die Wirkung der Auxine auf den Wassergehalt der Sämlinge unter Salzstress, sowie die Adventivwurzelbildung von Hypokotylsegmenten aus etiolierten Sämlingen in An- und Abwesenheit von Salinität getestet. Darüber hinaus wurde die Aufnahme und der Transport von Auxinen, ebenfalls bei Sprosssegmenten aus etiolierten Sämlingen in An- und Abwesenheit von Salinität geprüft. Schließlich wurde die Wirkung der Auxine auf das Wachstum und den Wassergehalt in einer Hydrokultur im Gewächshaus unter Salzstress ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass namentlich Auxin-Präkursoren und z. T. Auxin als Stoffwechselprodukte von B. subtilis eine Erhöhung der Salzstresstoleranz bei der Testpflanze herbeiführen können, wenngleich die Wirkung auf die Salztoleranz sehr differenziert und unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägt war. Der vorhandene Effekt vor allem der Auxin-Präkursoren wird als offenbar bedeutendster Mechanismus für die wachstumsstimulierende und zugleich toleranzerhöhende Wirkung gegenüber Salinität des Rhizobakteriums bei Wurzelbesiedlung und Interaktion mit dem pflanzlichen Stoffwechsel diskutiert. / To find out the mode of tolerance increasing action against salinity of the plant root colonizing PGPR Bacillus subtilis, bacterial metabolites of the strains FZB24 and FZB41 were studied in the test plant tomato under the influence of high salinity. Because the culture filtrate with the whole range of produced metabolites by B. subtilis showed to a certain extent a tolerance increasing action at dilution of 0,1 % in axenic plant growth tests after 7 days treatment of seedlings and subsequent cultivation under salt stress, it has been fractionated with adsorber resin and HPLC. These fractions, as well as fractions from the culture filtrate after 19 h fermentation were tested also by seedlings in axenic culture. Fractions with different proteins and peptides, which were produced by B. subtilis, showed partly activities also depending of concentration with regard to the growth stimulation and at the same time tolerance increase against salt stress. Following also a peptide extract from B. subtilis was examined in the axenic plant test system, showing similarly a visible action depending of concentration. In the same test system there were tested further auxin precursors and auxin itself, which are known metabolites of B. subtilis, on seedlings both by root treatment and leaf treatment. Additionally was studied the action of auxins on the water content of the seedlings under salt stress, as well as on the adventitious root formation of hypokotyl segments from etiolated seedlings, in presence and absence of salinity. Finally it was studied the uptake and transport of auxins in segments of stems from etiolated seedlings in presence and absence of salinity. Lastly it was tested the action of auxins on plant growth and water content in a hydroponic cultivation under greenhouse conditions and salt stress. The results show that particularly auxin precursors and partly auxin as metabolites of B. subtilis can induce an increase in the salt stress tolerance of the test plant, although the action on the salt tolerance was differentiated and variable in its extent. The existing effect firstly of the auxin precursors is discussed as obviously main mechanism for the plant growth stimulating and at the same time tolerance increasing action of the rhizobacterium against salinity by root colonization and interaction with the plant metabolism.

Existen tres procesos que vinculan la producción de biomasa con el rendimiento: la generación de la estructura del dosel, responsable de la eficiencia de intercepción de radiación (ei), resumido en el índice de área foliar (IAF); la utilización de la radiación interceptada en la producción de biomasa, o eficiencia en el uso de la radiación (EUR); y la partición de la biomasa entre las diferentes estructuras vegetativas y reproductivas, o índice de cosecha (IC). En los experimentos realizados para la presente tesis se studió cómo distintos niveles relativos de disponibilidad de nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio en distintas etapas del ciclo de un cultivo de tomate Platense modifican estos procesos. Los objetivos fijados fueron: (i) evaluar el efecto de la nutrición mineral sobre su crecimiento y desarrollo; (ii) determinar la incidencia de la nutrición mineral y la posición del racimo floral/fructífero dentro de la planta en el cuajado de frutos; y (iii) desarrollar modelos de predicción no destructivos para obtener los parámetros necesarios para establecer las relaciones citadas en el primer objetivo. La tasa de crecimiento de cultivo (TCC) difirió entre tratamientos como consecuencia de sus IAF, ei y EUR, al igual que la EUR, el contenido de clorofila y el IC. Tanto el inicio de cosecha como la calidad de los frutos fueron similares para los distintos racimos, aunque difirieron tanto en el ritmo de acumulación como de aporte al rendimiento final. Se obtuvieron funciones de ajuste mediante regresiones lineales para estimular el área foliar, el contenido de clorofila foliar y el peso del fruto en forma rápida y no destructiva. Estos modelos de predicción, no destructivos y rápidos, fueron utilizados para realizar el seguimiento de las variables que describen el crecimiento y desarrollo a lo largo del ciclo del cultivo en tomate Platense. / Clozza, MN. (2010). Crecimiento y desarrollo en tomate Platense (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.): análisis del efecto de la nutrición mineral [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8548