CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da substituiÃÃo do milho pelo sorgo, com e sem a adiÃÃo de um pigmentante natural, em dietas para poedeiras, sobre o desempenho e qualidade do ovo. Cento e sessenta poedeiras da linhagem Hy-Line, com quarenta e sete semanas de idade, foram alojadas num delineamento inteiramente casualisado com quatro repetiÃÃes de oito aves, totalizando trinta e duas aves por tratamento. As dietas foram isoenergÃticas, isoprotÃicas e isoaminoacÃdicas, formuladas à base de milho, sorgo e farelo de soja, suplementadas ou nÃo com pigmentante natural. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 â raÃÃo contendo 100% de milho como cereal energÃtico; T2 â raÃÃo contendo 50% de milho e 50% de sorgo sem pigmentante natural; T3 â raÃÃo contendo 50% de milho e 50% de sorgo com pigmentante natural; T4 â raÃÃo contendo 100% de sorgo sem pigmentante natural; T5 â raÃÃo contendo 100% de sorgo com pigmentante natural. O experimento teve a duraÃÃo de cento e doze dias, divididos em quatro perÃodos de vinte e oito dias. As variÃveis estudadas foram: desempenho zootÃcnico â percentagem de postura (ave/dia), consumo de raÃÃo (g/ave/dia), conversÃo alimentar (kg de raÃÃo/kg de ovo) e peso do ovo (g); qualidade do ovo â percentagem de casca, percentagem de albÃmen, percentagem de gema e coloraÃÃo da gema e; custo de produÃÃo. A anÃlise de variÃncia dos dados mostrou que a percentagem de postura foi significativamente menor (P<0,05) na raÃÃo com 100% de sorgo e pigmentante natural (T5), quando comparada com os demais tratamentos. Quanto à coloraÃÃo da gema do ovo, a raÃÃo com 100% de milho apresentou pigmentaÃÃo superior (P<0,05), quando comparado com as dietas com 50% e 100% de sorgo sem o pigmentante. AlÃm disso, a coloraÃÃo da gema do ovo foi significativamente maior (P<0,05) nos tratamentos com 50 e 100% de sorgo com o pigmentante, em relaÃÃo ao tratamento controle. O custo de produÃÃo mostrou que o sorgo pode substituir totalmente o milho, desde que se reduza o nÃvel de pigmentante na dieta. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a substituiÃÃo parcial e total do milho por sorgo nÃo afeta as caracterÃsticas de desempenho (exceto a percentagem de postura) e qualidade do ovo das poedeiras e a inclusÃo do pigmentante natural nas dietas com sorgo contornou o problema da pigmentaÃÃo da gema do ovo. / The experiment was designed to study the effect of the substitution of the corn for sorghum, with and without addition of a natural pigment, in diets for lying hens, on performance and quality of the egg. One hundred and sixty Hy-Line White Leghorns hens with 47 weeks of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions of eight birds, totalizing 32 birds per treatment. The diets were isoenergetics, isoproteics and isoaminoacidics, based on corn, soybean meal and sorghum, supplemented or not with natural pigmentant. The reatments were: T1 - diet with 100% of corn as energy cereal; T2 - diet with 50% of corn and 50% of sorghum without natural pigment; T3 - diet with 50% of maize and 50% of sorghum with natural pigment; T4 - diet with 100% of sorghum without natural pigment; T5 - diet with 100% of sorghum with natural pigment. The experiment was held for 112 days divided in four periods of 28 days each. The ariables studied were: performance â egg production (% hen/day), feed intake (g/bird per day), feed: gain ratio (kg feed/kg egg) and egg weight (g); Quality egg â eggshell (%), egg-albumen (%), egg-yolk (%) and yolk color (fan Roche); feed cost. Analysis of variance showed that the egg production was significantly lesser (P<0,05) in the diet with 100% of sorghum with natural pigment, when compared to the other treatments. How much to the pigmentation of the egg yolk, T1 diet presented highest pigmentation (P<0,05), when compared with T2 and T4. Moreover, the pigmentation of the egg-yolk was significantly highest (P<0,05) in the T3 in relation to the T2, as well as in the T5 in relation to the T4. The production cost suggested that the replacement for 100% of corn by sorghum and addition of natural pigment increased the production cost of one kilogram of egg, with good acceptance of consuming market. In conclusion, the partial and total substitution of the corn for sorghum did not affect the characteristics of performance (except egg production), and egg quality of lying hens and the inclusion of the natural pigment in the rations with sorghum skirted the problem of the pigmentation egg yolk.

Dans cette étude, nous avons déterminé les propriétés électroniques de plusieurs types de composés moléculaires possédant un élément métallique. Notre motivation pour l'étude de tels systèmes était de montrer qu'il était possible d'obtenir une description précise d'états électroniques très proches en énergie, pour lesquels il est connu que les effets relativistes jouent un rôle important. Pour traiter ces effets nous avons mis en oeuvre différentes approches et méthodes, en particulier des méthodes multiconfigurationnelles, des pseudopotentiels atomiques et de grandes bases de fonctions. Dans une première étude nous avons déterminé les propriétés des états électroniques de plus basse énergie de composés diatomiques MX dont l'association en phase solide conduit à des composés semi-conducteurs présentant des propriétés piézoélectrique importantes. A l'aide de calculs électroniques incluant une large part de la corrélation électronique nous avons mis en évidence les propriétés communes à une famille de composés diatomiques possédant huit électrons de valence et qui peuvent être considérés comme précurseurs des solides piézoélectriques. Il a ainsi été possible d'identifier les couples diatomiques qui constituaient les meilleurs candidats pour une production d'effet piézoélectrique en phase solide. Dans la deuxième application, nous avons calculé la structure électronique et les constantes spectroscopiques de l'état fondamental de la molécule HZnF ainsi que les états de plus basse énergie des fragments diatomiques associés. Cette étude était motivée par une analogie avec un système voisin HZnCl dont les premiers états électroniques présentent des caractéristiques non complètement résolues. Après avoir validé notre approche sur l'étude de ZnH et comparé nos résultats à ceux d'études antérieures, nous avons entrepris la détermination de la structure électronique des molécules ZnF et ZnCl pour lesquelles nous avons pu identifier des états électroniques encore mal connus. Utilisant les résultats obtenus sur ZnH et ZnF, nous avons déterminé la surface d'énergie potentielle de l'état fondamental de HZnF et nous en avons déduit plusieurs grandeurs spectroscopiques caractérisant cet état / In this work we have investigated the electronic properties of several types of molecular systems involving a metallic element. Our motivation for such applications on metallic compounds was to obtain an accurate description of close lying electronic states, in which the relativistic effects of heavy atoms are known to be important. Thus various approaches and methods have been employed to treat these effects, including the multi-configurational method, with atomic pseudopotentials and large basis sets. In the first study, we have determined the properties of the low lying electronic states of the diatomic compounds MX, whose combinations in the solid phase produce ionic semi-conductor materials with piezoelectric properties. Based on highly correlated ab initio calculations, we have elucidated the common properties of the low lying electronic states of these diatomic compounds with eight valence electrons, which can be considered as precursors for piezoelectric effects in their solid phase. Based on our electronic structure calculations, we could identify among these diatomic compounds those who could lead to good candidates for piezoelectric effects. As the second application, we have determined the electronic structure and the spectroscopic constants for the ground state of the HZnF molecule and for the low lying electronic states of its diatomic fragments. This application was initiated and motivated by interesting and puzzling results on the close system HZnCl. Comforted by our experience with the previous studies, we used the pseudopotentials approach to obtain an accurate description of the low lying states of ZnH which could be satisfactorily compared with existing data. Next, the ZnF and ZnCl diatomic molecules have been studied with the same ansatz to reveal the properties of so far unknown electronic states. Finally, the potential energy surface of the ground state of HZnF has been determined, and several spectroscopic properties have been deduced

Individual cues to deception are subtle and often missed by lay people and law enforcement alike. Linguistic statement analysis remains a potentially useful way of overcoming individual diagnostic limitations (e.g. Criteria based Content Analysis; Steller & Köhnken, 1989; Reality monitoring; Johnson & Raye, 1981; Scientific Content Analysis; Sapir, 1996). Unfortunately many of these procedures are time-consuming, require in-depth training, as well as lack empirical support and/or external validity. The current dissertation develops a novel approach to statement veracity analysis that is simple to learn, easy to administer, theoretically sound, and empirically validated. Two strategies were proposed for detecting differences between liars' and truth-tellers' statements. Liars were hypothesized to strategically write statements with the goal of self-exoneration. Liars' statements were predicted to contain more first person pronouns and fewer third person pronouns. Truth-tellers were hypothesized to be motivated toward being informative and thus produce statements with fewer first person pronouns and more third person pronouns. Three studies were conducted to test this hypothesis. The first study explored the verbal patterns of exoneration and informativeness focused statements. The second study used a traditional theft paradigm to examine these verbal patterns in guilty liars and innocent truth tellers. In the third study to better match the context of a criminal investigation a cheating paradigm was used in which spontaneous lying was induced and written statements were taken. Support for the first person pronoun hypothesis was found. Limited support was found for the third person pronoun hypothesis. Results, implications, and future directions for the current research are discussed.

No description available.

Online sexual activities, including pornography use, have drastically increased in recent years. Many studies have examined the impact that pornography use can have on marriages and families. One of the key findings has been that pornography use can negatively impact trust in relationships. This study focused on understanding the mechanisms involved when a husband's pornography use negatively impacts his marital relationship and his wife's emotional well-being. Through qualitative analysis of interviews of 14 wives who received therapy because of their husband's pornography use, the analytic team found (1) a breakdown of expectations and assumptions central to the marriage, (2) a sense of distance or disconnection from their husband, and (3) a general sense of being emotionally and psychologically unsafe and insecure in their relationship. Further, it was found that loss of trust was greatly influenced by the sexual nature of pornography and the deceit surrounding its use. These two factors combined to produce a loss of secure attachment, particularly for attachment-oriented and attachment-idealizing wives, who hold the belief that pornography use is not appropriate. Overall, it was found that a husband's involvement with pornography can result in a lack of emotional, psychological, and physical availability and responsiveness, and a decrease in closeness and intimacy. Interacting with the impact of deceit, a spouse's pornography use clearly provides ample opportunity for the breakdown of secure attachment at a level that can be classified as an attachment rupture or trauma.

Tato práce se zabývá primárními rytířskými ságami, staroseverskými pře- klady evropské rytířské epiky, a jejich vlivem na další žánry ság, sekundární rytířské ságy a pozdní fantastické ságy. Naším cílem bylo zkoumat změny v prezentaci vybraných postav (hrdina, vládce a hrdinova žena) v závislosti na přechodu společnosti od rodové k systému s feudálními rysy. P·vodní staroseverská tradice je v práci zastoupena ságami rodovými. První kapitola popisuje hlavní problémy rozdělení zkoumaných žánr·. Druhá kapitola před- stavuje detailní analýzu formy a obsahu popis· postav v každém z žánr·. Poslední část přidává aspekt změn struktury společnosti, především ve spo- jitosti se snahou Hákona Hákonarsona zavést užší feudální vazby. Tento pře- chod skutečně ovlivnil očekávání publika. Zjistili jsme, že hlavní změna, kte- rou primární rytířské ságy znamenaly v rámci ságové literatury, bylo, že se cíleně pokoušely změnit společenské konvence a praxi. Pozdější žánry si už nenárokovaly morální závaznost. Přejaly sice kvality zavedené překlady ry- tířské epiky, ovšem dodržovaly také tradiční formu popisu postav. Klíčová slova: rytířské ságy, lživé ságy, rodové ságy, staroseverský, dvorský

Although the neural mechanisms regulating vomiting are well understood, the neurobiology of nausea is not. Unlike conditioned taste avoidance (CTA), conditioned disgust (indicated by orofacial gaping reactions) is a model of nausea-induced behaviour in rats because it is selectively produced by emetic drugs and anti-emetics attenuate it. Treatments that reduce serotonin (5-HT) availability selectively interfere with conditioned gaping (Limebeer and Parker, 2000; 2003) and forebrain serotonin is critical for the production of disgust reactions (Grill and Norgren, 1978b; Limebeer et al., 2004). The insular cortex (IC) is a site of taste-illness associations and is involved in the sensation of nausea and vomiting in humans (Penfield and Faulk, 1955; Fiol et al., 1988; Catenoix et al., 2008) and other animals (Kaada, 1951; Contreras et al., 2007). Therefore, we investigated the relationship between serotonin, conditioned gaping and CTA in the insular cortex. Systemic pretreatment with the classic anti-emetic ondansetron (OND) reduced both LiCl-induced unconditioned malaise (assessed by lying on belly) and conditioned gaping reactions, without modifying CTA. These experiments demonstrate that decreases in serotonin availability interfere with conditioned gaping and unconditioned malaise as well as provide further evidence of the validity of the conditioned gaping model. Rats with bilateral NMDA lesions of the agranular IC showed attenuated CTA learning but conditioned gaping reactions were unaffected. This finding suggests that the agranular IC, a site of gustatory input, may be required for CTA learning. Partial serotonergic depletion of the IC attenuated conditioned gaping reactions, suggesting that serotonin in the IC is required to establish conditioned gaping. A double dissociation in the regulation of disgust and taste avoidance, by selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonism/agonism in the visceral (granular) IC and the gustatory (agranular) IC was observed. Infusion of OND into the visceral IC attenuated conditioned gaping but spared CTA. Additionally, administration of the 5-HT3 receptor agonist m-chlorophenylbiguanide (mCPBG) enhanced LiCl-induced conditioned gaping reactions (which was prevented by intracranial administration of OND), but spared CTA. In contrast, intracranial OND pretreatment in the gustatory IC attenuated CTA and mCPBG infusions produced CTA, but neither affected the nausea-induced behaviour of conditioned gaping. Together, these studies shed light on the neurobiology of nausea. These results suggest that 5-HT activity (at the 5-HT3 receptor) in the visceral IC may selectively produce the nausea-induced reactions of conditioned disgust, while activity in the gustatory IC may be involved in the production of CTA learning. / This research was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) operating grant (92057) to L.A. Parker and a NSERC CGS-D scholarship to K.J. Tuerke. This work was also supported by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship to K.J. Tuerke.

No description available.

Durch die vorliegende Studie wurde der Einfluss von Strukturelementen auf das Liege- und Aggressionsverhalten von Pferden in Gruppenhaltung untersucht. Die Strukturelemente sollten Rückzugsmöglichkeiten bieten, sowie in ihrem Bereich zur Aufhebung der Individualdistanz führen und dadurch die Fläche relativ vergrößern. Für die Versuche stellte das Haupt- und Landesgestüt Marbach drei unabhängige Pferdegruppen mit verschiedener Herdengröße zur Verfügung, die jeweils in Einraum- Innenlaufställen gehalten wurden. Die Datenerfassung fand zwischen 23 und sieben Uhr statt. Insgesamt wurden 336 Stunden Videomaterial ausgewertet. Beim Ruheverhalten wurden mit Hilfe des event-sampling-Verfahrens die Parameter Gesamtliegedauer, Dauer in Seitenlage, Dauer der Einzelphasen in Seitenlage und Abliegehäufigkeit pro Nacht erfasst. Es wurden Versuchsphasen ohne Strukturelemente und mit hängenden Planen als Strukturierung durchgeführt. Im ersten Stall kamen außerdem über einander gestapelte Strohballen zum Einsatz. Diese Art der Strukturierung stellte sich jedoch als nicht praktikabel heraus und führte im Vergleich zu den Planen zu einer signifikanten Verschlechterung der Gesamtliegedauer. In Stall 1 konnte man eine tendenzielle Verbesserung der Parameter Gesamtliegedauer und Gesamtdauer in Seitenlage durch das Anbringen von Planen sehen. In Stall 3 dagegen verschlechterte sich das Ruheverhalten in den Versuchsphasen mit Planen gegenüber den Versuchsphasen ohne Struktur. Die Werte der Gesamtdauer in Seitenlage nahmen signifikant ab. In Stall 2 zeigten sich keine Unterschiede in den verschiedenen Versuchsphasen. Möglicherweise ist die Wirkung der Strukturelemente auf das Liegeverhalten abhängig von der Flächengröße. Stall 1 hatte bezogen auf die Leitlinien des BMELV die größte und Stall 3 die kleinste Fläche. Bei den anderen Parametern des Liegeverhaltens gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den verschiedenen Versuchsphasen. Mit Hilfe des time-sampling-Verfahrens wurde die Anzahl gleichzeitig liegender Pferde und gleichzeitig liegender Pferde in Seitenlage bestimmt. Auch hier zeigten sich keine Unterschiede in den verschiedenen Versuchsphasen. Bei der Gegenüberstellung der Werte der Gesamtliegedauer und der Gesamtdauer in Seitenlage mit dem Alter der Pferde (Stall 1 und Stall 3) und mit dem Integrationszeitpunkt (Stall 1) konnte kein Zusammenhang festgestellt werden. Beim Aggressionsverhalten wurden mit Hilfe des event-sampling-Verfahrens in den Ställen 2 und 3 verschiedene Arten von Aggressionen erfasst, die dann in die drei Intensitätsgrade Low-Level-, Mid-Level- und High-Level-Aggressionen unterteilt wurden. Neben der Anzahl wurde die Dauer der verschiedenen Aggressionen bewertet. Insgesamt konnte eine positive Wirkung der Planen auf das Aggressionsverhalten beobachtet werden. Die Gesamtanzahl an Aggressionen nahm in beiden Ställen tendenziell in den Versuchsphasen mit Planen ab. In Stall 3 konnte, wenn man die Aggressionen stundenweise betrachtet, ein signifikanter Unterschied festgestellt werden. Auch der Hinterhandschlag und die Aggressionen, welche das Ruheverhalten stören, verringerten sich tendenziell nach dem Anbringen von Strukturelementen. In beiden Ställen nahm die relative Häufigkeit von Mid-Level-Aggressionen nach dem Anbringen von Planen zu. Dagegen konnte bei den High-Level-Aggressionen und in Stall 3 bei den Low-Level-Aggressionen eine relative Abnahme beobachtet werden. Sowohl die Anzahl als auch die Dauer der Mid-Level-Aggressionen verringerten sich in Stall 3 stundenweise betrachtet signifikant in den Versuchsphasen mit Planen. In Stall 2 war bei den High-Level-Aggressionen sowohl bei der Dauer als auch bei der Anzahl eine signifikante Abnahme zu sehen. Wenn man das Aggressionsverhalten in Bezug zu der Fläche in den zwei Ställen betrachtet, schien diese vor allem einen Einfluss auf die High-Level-Aggressionen zu nehmen. Mit Hilfe des Rangindex der Pferde im Stall 3 wurde eine Rangordnung aufgestellt. Zwischen dem Platz der Pferde in der Rangordnung und den Parametern des Ruheverhaltens (Gesamtliegedauer, Gesamtdauer in Seitenlage) sowie dem Alter der Pferde konnte kein Zusammenhang festgestellt werden. Zwischen dem Rangindex und der Gesamtanzahl an Aggressionen bestand dagegen ein hoch signifikanter Zusammenhang. Im Rahmen dieser Studie ist das Anbringen von Strukturelementen in Bezug auf das Aggressionsverhalten in Einraum-Innenlaufställen von Pferden zu empfehlen. Die Wirkung auf das Liegeverhalten der Pferde sollte in weiteren Studien untersucht werden.

Although lying is a major concern for many caregivers (Alwin, 1989; Gervais et al., 2000), there is little behavior analytic research on effective, practical interventions. Studies have shown that a moral story, instruction, or rule implying praise for honesty produced statistically significant improvements in children admitting a transgression (Lee et al., 2014; Talwar et al., 2015; Talwar et al., 2016). Although praise has been shown to function as a reinforcer (Dozier et al., 2012; Hall et al., 1968; Polick et al., 2012), it is unknown if an intervention package including praise for telling the truth would compete with reinforcement contingencies for lying. We evaluated an intervention package comprised of this moral story, instruction, and rule in combination with praising honest reports when reinforcement favored lying. We identified and used each participant’s preferred topography of praise using a multiple-stimulus without replacement preference assessment (MSWO; Deleon & Iwata, 1996). No or minimal increase in honest reports was observed following the praise-based intervention. However, reinforcement of correspondence produced a complete increase in honest reports when staggered across participants using a multiple baseline design.