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Introduktion: Många städer i Sverige har fler lågpunkter i sin terräng och är drabbadevid kraftigt regn. Förtätning i städerna förvärrar ofta problemet ytterligare då mängdenhårdgjorda ytor utökas samtidigt som tillgänglig mark för dagvattenhantering minskar.Detta gör att dagvattenflöden som behöver hanteras kan vara mycket stora och avrinnamycket snabbt. Därför är det viktigt att städerna får till en långsiktig och hållbardagvattenhantering som klarar dagens och framtidens klimatförändring. Denna rapportska undersöka hur Karlstad och Växjö kommun arbetar och planerar för den ökaderisken av skyfall samt studera de olika lösningarna som används idag. Rapporten skaäven identifiera vilka omkringliggande faktorer som påverkar dagvattenlösningarna. Metod: Först har det utfört en litteraturstudie för att fördjupa kunskaper och få en bravetenskaplig grund som är baserad på ämnet. För att kunna svara på frågeställningar såhar det genomförts två fallstudier och tre intervjuer med respondenter från VAavdelningen på Växjö och Karlstad kommun samt en expert. Sedan utfördesdokumentanalys av respektive kommuner utifrån planbeskrivning, hållbarhetsindexsamt dagvattenutredningen för att kunna få så omfattande material som möjligt. Resultat: Planeringen och arbetet har påbörjats genom att en skyfallskartering ochförsta konsekvensanalys framtagits. Ingen fullständig handlingsplan har framställts avde tillfrågade kommunerna. För att komma igång med arbetet ska Karlstad kommunanställa en skyfallssamordnare. Lösningar som används mest i kommunerna ärreningsdammar, utjämningsmagasin, gatuhantering och förnyelse av ledningsnätet.Speciell lösning i Växjö kommun är reduktion av dagvattentaxan. Platsen som skaåtgärdas, kunskap, lagar, tidsåtgång och VA avdelningens samarbete medfastighetsägare och andra avdelningar i kommun är viktiga beståndsdelar som påverkarimplementeringen av olika lösningar. Analys: Av resultatet kan slutsatserna dras att kommunerna arbetar och planerar välmed den ökade risken av skyfall i sårbara lågstråk. Mer arbete kan dock göras genomatt framställa en handlingsplan anpassad efter VA. Vilken lösning som tillämpas berorpå en del faktorer. Klimatförändringen som är en viktig faktor tar kommunerna hänsyntill i planeringen och arbetet genom att säkerhetsfaktor tilläggs fördagvattenanläggningar och vid dimensionering av ledningsnätet. Arbetet fortsättergenom att få ett gott samarbete mellan VA-avdelningen och teknikavdelningarna ikommunen samt fastighetsägare då det ofta leder till en god och noga förberedd lösning.Kommunerna förklarar att använda sig av kosteffektiva lösningar är viktigt dåfinansiering kommer ifrån VA-taxan. Det spekuleras i att en förändring i lagen som gerVA avdelningen möjlighet att få finansiera för skyfalls åtgärder hade minimeratöversvämningsriskerna. Diskussion: Resultatet anses vara användbart då kommunerna kan ta del av varandrasplanering och arbete samt hjälpa varandra i utvecklingen av hållbaradagvattenlösningar. Resultatet främjar en större förståelse kring vilka faktorer somligger till grund för de valda lösningarna. Generaliseringen av resultatet kan sättas ifråga eftersom det är platsspecifikt. Men det går att tillämpa eftersom förståelsen ökarkring hur man kan hantera ett liknande problem på en annan plats eller kommun. / Introduction: Many cities in Sweden have many low points in their terrain and areaffected by heavy rain. Urban sprawl often exacerbates the problem by increasing theamount of paved surfaces while reducing available land for stormwater treatment. Thismeans that stormwater flows that need to be managed can be very heavy and drainquickly. It is therefore important that cities achieve long-term sustainable stormwatermanagement that can cope with current and future climate change. This report willexamine how Karlstad and Växjö municipalities are working and planning for theincreased risk of stormwater and study the different solutions currently in use. Method: This report began with a literature study to deepen knowledge and get a goodbase. In order to answer the research questions, two case studies and three interviewswere conducted with respondents from the Water and Wastewater Departments ofVäxjö and Karlstad Municipality. One expert was also interview. Document analysiswas then carried out based on the plan description, sustainability index and thestormwater study in order to obtain as comprehensive material as possible. Results: The planning and work started with the preparation of a flood mapping and afirst impact assessment. No full action plan has been prepared by the consultedmunicipalities. In order to start the work, Karlstad will employ a rainfall coordinator.Most common solutions used in municipalities are treatment ponds, levellingreservoirs, street management and renewal of the sewerage and stormwater system. Aspecial solution in Växjö is the reduction of stormwater tax. Location, knowledge, laws,time and the cooperation of the water department with property owners and otherdepartments in the municipality are important elements that influence theimplementation of different solutions. Analysis: From the results it can be concluded that the municipalities are working andplanning well with the increased risk of rainfall in low-lying areas. However, morework can be done by producing an action plan adapted to these areas. The solutionapplied depends on a number of factors. These factors are adding safety factors tostormwater facilities and increasing the capacity of the pipeline system. The work iscontinued through good cooperation the different technical facilities in themunicipalities but also property owners as it often leads to a good and carefullyprepared solution. The municipalities explain that using cost-effective solutions isimportant because the funding comes from the water and wastewater departments tax.It is speculated that a change in the law allowing the water and wastewater departmentto receive funding for stormwater measures would have minimized flood risks. Discussion: The results are considered useful because the municipalities can learn fromeach other's planning and work as well as help each other in developing sustainablestormwater solutions. The result promotes a better understanding of the factorsunderlying the chosen solutions. The generalization of the results can be questioned asit is site-specific. However, it can be applied because it increases understanding of howto address a similar problem in another location or municipality.

This dissertation draws upon Western literature in critical theory, aesthetics, art theory, and art history to explore how lying can foster aesthetic experience and the sociopolitical effects of this experience. It nominates the idea of pseudology—lying as an art—and outlines its distinguishing features from the dawn of postmodernism to contemporary practices. This study demonstrates an analysis of lying premised on an understanding of aesthetics as caught up in the wider issues of public pedagogy and everyday politics. Taking as case studies specific works of Marcel Duchamp, Robert Rauschenberg, VALIE EXPORT, and Carol Duncan, this dissertation argues for the narrative framing of artwork as paramount for its reception. As well, by examining the artistic mystifications of Mierle Laderman Ukeles, Guillermo Gómez-Peña, Coco Fusco, Joshua Schwebel, and Iris Häussler, this dissertation analyzes the use of pseudology in institutional critique. The study finds that perfidious practices can point to the importance of the relational boundary between what is real/unreal, highlight the social construction of this boundary’s aesthetic aspects, and reveal the ways in which each of us are active in the construction of a shared reality. Ultimately, our active framing of everyday life and the affective nature of our construction of a shared reality has been problematized by a contemporary prevalence of lying in the realms of public culture and politics. Pseudology reveals the power of narrative framing. The pseudological artworks discussed here expose, as models for the political aesthetic of lying, the need to debate the very tenets of reality constantly and continually—an essential civic action in the ethical, communal relationships of a democracy. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / An analysis of the use of lying as an artistic technique.

Die Arbeit liefert eine umfassende Beschreibung der Managementmethoden von Milcherzeugerbetrieben unter dem Fokus Herdenfruchtbarkeit. Die Studie analysiert Einflüsse des Managements auf Reproduktions- und Milchleistung und verfolgt hierzu einen bio-sozialen Forschungsansatz. Die Daten wurden 2007 in Interviews mit Herdenmanagern und Stallrundgängen anhand von Fragebögen in 84 v.a. Brandenburger Milcherzeugerbetrieben erhoben. Die Fragen betrafen u.a. Haltungsumwelt, Stressvermeidung, Herden-, Reproduktions- und Personalmanagement. Die Leistungsdaten der Herden entstammen der Milchleistungsprüfung 2007. Die Datenanalyse umfasste qualitative und quantitative Methoden. Abhängige Variablen waren Zwischenkalbezeit (ZKZ) und 305-Tage-Milchleistung (ML). Im Mittel betrug die Herdengröße 306,3 Kühe (+/-238,3), die ZKZ 413,2d (+/-18,73) und die ML 8555kg (+/-1132,9). Die ZKZ sank tendenziell mit steigender ML (r=-0,188, p=0,10). Die ML stieg mit der Herdengröße (r=0,29, p=0,01). Die Laufgänge (LG) waren in 71,25% der Betriebe nass und rutschig. Hier war die ZKZ tendenziell länger (+16,6d, p=,055) als bei trockenen, rutschfesten LG. Die Liegeflächen (LF) waren in 29,9% der Betriebe trocken und elastisch. Hier war die ML höher (+1110kg, p=0,011) als bei nassen, harten LF. Eine eindeutige Zuordnung der Verantwortung für die Brunstkontrolle wirkte tendenziell positiv auf die ZKZ (-6,3d, p=0,129). Akademisch ausgebildete Herdenmanagerinnen erzielten eine höhere ML als gleichqualifizierte Männer (+752,9kg, p=0,005) bei gleicher ZKZ und damit eine günstigere Relation von Reproduktions- und Milchleistung. Motivierung durch materielle und soziale Anreize bzw. Verantwortungsübertragung und gute Kommunikation war mit einer höheren ML verbunden als Motivierung durch Leistungslohn (+ ca. 1000kg, p=0,009). Die Studie belegt die Notwendigkeit verbesserter Haltungsbedingungen und bietet eine Grundlage für vertiefende Studien zum Personalmanagement in Milchviehbetrieben. / This study provides a comprehensive characterization of current management methods of dairy farms, focusing on herd fertility. Relations of management factors to fertility and milk performance are analyzed following a bio-social approach. In 2007 a questionnaire survey including face-to-face interviews and direct observations was conducted in 84 East German dairy farms, mostly located in Brandenburg. Questions referred to housing, stress prevention, and management of herds, reproduction and personnel. Herd performance data stem from milk performance testing in 2007. Data analysis combined qualitative and quantitative methods. Calving interval (CI) and 305-day-milk yield (MY) were used as dependent variables. Mean values of herd size, CI and MY were, respectively, 306.3 cows (+/-238.3), 413.2d (+/-18.73d) and 8555kg (+/-1132.9). CI tended to decrease with increasing MY (r=-0.188, p=0.10). MY increased with rising herd size (r=0.29, p=0.01). Floors were wet and slippery in 71.25% of farms. In these farms CI tended to be longer (+16.6d, p=0.055) compared to farms with dry and non-slippery floors. Lying areas were in 29.9% of the farms dry and flexible. Here MY was higher (+1110kg, p=0.011) than in farms with wet and hard lying areas. A clear assignment of responsibility for heat detection showed a trend of decreasing CI (-6.3d, p=0.129). Female herd managers with academic qualification achieved a higher MY than likewise qualified men (+752.9kg, p=0.005), with no difference in CI. Thus, herds managed by highly qualified women showed a better MY:CI ratio. Employee motivation by material and social incentives or by allocating responsibility to workers and pursuing good communication was related to higher MY than motivation by performance pay alone (+1000kg, p=0.009); CI remained unaffected. Performance pay had no positive effect on targeted parameters. Results underscore the need for improved housing and recommend further study into personnel management in dairy farms.

This study used narrative inquiry to answer the question “What are the stories of older adults who choose not to share information with health care professionals?” The study explored the experiences of older adults who did not share information with health care professionals (HCPs), who they defined as doctors. A thematic analysis of five participants’ stories revealed three themes: Illusions of Care, describing the participants’ experiences with doctors before they chose not to share information; The Last Straw, revealing the final incident that caused participants to choose not to share information; and The Mask of the Non-sharing Older Adult, describing how participants interacted with their doctors after they decided not to share information. Relationship development between older adults and their doctors, sensitive topics, issues and perceptions of ageing, and structure of the health care system contribute to the complex issue of older adults not sharing information. The decision not to share information with health care professionals may adversely affect the health and health care of older adults.

This study used narrative inquiry to answer the question “What are the stories of older adults who choose not to share information with health care professionals?” The study explored the experiences of older adults who did not share information with health care professionals (HCPs), who they defined as doctors. A thematic analysis of five participants’ stories revealed three themes: Illusions of Care, describing the participants’ experiences with doctors before they chose not to share information; The Last Straw, revealing the final incident that caused participants to choose not to share information; and The Mask of the Non-sharing Older Adult, describing how participants interacted with their doctors after they decided not to share information. Relationship development between older adults and their doctors, sensitive topics, issues and perceptions of ageing, and structure of the health care system contribute to the complex issue of older adults not sharing information. The decision not to share information with health care professionals may adversely affect the health and health care of older adults.